Iintlobo zezichazili - ziphi na izinto kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswayo

Ngokwenzululwazi (iilwimi kunye neengqondo zengqondo), ubomi bemihla ngemihla umntu onomyinge "onentloko" ulahlekile ngamagama ayiwaka. Nangona kunjalo, isigama se-Yurophu efundisiweyo singama-10 ukuya kumawaka amabini. Sithetha ngokusetyenziswa okusebenzayo, ngelixa singakwazi nokuqonda malunga namaxesha amabini ukuya kweyesibini kunye namaxesha amaninzi amagama. Kodwa ngokukhawuleza xa umntu egxininiswa kwezinye iindawo ezikhethekileyo, isebe lolwazi, isihloko - ubuncinci ukukhangela okanye ukubonwa-ufuna kwakhona iindlela ezithile zokubonakalisa kule ndawo. Kwaye ukuba sihlala sijongana namaxwebhu - sifuna nje iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezichazili. Iilwimi kunye nabaguquleli banomkhuba wokusebenzisa uncwadi oluthile lwencwadi-kubalulekile. Iintlobo ezidume kakhulu zezichazi-magama ziqala kwaye zibaluleke kakhulu kwiilwimi ezimbini neelwimi ezininzi-ukuguqulela kolwimi olunye okanye ngaphezulu. Kukho i-monolingual, kunye ne-thesauri, kwaye Izichazili zeqela elithile. Ngokomzekelo, amagama angaphandle, i-etymology (ichaza imvelaphi ye-lexeme), inengqiqo. Zonke iintlobo zezichazili zolwimi lwaseRashiya kunzima ukuzibala. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba igama lithile okanye ingcamango ithetha ntoni, kufuneka usebenzise isilumko (umzekelo, uhlelwe yi-Ozhegov okanye iDahl) okanye isichazizwi se-encyclopedic.

Nangona kunjalo, akuwawo onke amagama anokufakwa kwiifayile ezinje: umzekelo, abanakho ukufumana iigama-magama ezikhethekileyo. Kule meko, iintlobo ezinjalo zezichazili ziyimfuneko, apho kuthethwa khona imigaqo ethile (ezokwelapha, ezobugcisa, izibalo). Kwaye intsingiselo yeengcamango - kakuhle, ubuncinane "ukucima ibhokisi elinde" okanye "udle inja" - siza kujonga isichazizwi seenqununu. Ngokuqhelekileyo iincwadi ezinjalo zifunekayo kubaguquleli beengcamango kunye nokufunda olunye ulwimi. Emva kwakho konke, ukuba kwi-phraseology yakho iyaqondakala kumxholo, ngoko ayikwazi ukuguqulelwa ngokoqobo kwisiNgesi okanye kwisiJamani, ukugcina intsingiselo.

Kukho nezo zinto zibizwa ngokuba yi "reverse" iintlobo zezichazili - ukuba amagama aqhelekileyo ahlelwe ngama-alfabhethi kwiilwimi zokuqala, zesibini kunye ezalandela, umzekelo, isichazamazwi sesigqi sisichazela ukuphela kwamagama kwaye ukukhethwa kuya kwindlela eyahlukileyo.

Ukuba sithetha izichazi-magama zesiRashiya, iintlobo zazo zihluke kakhulu, kuyimfuneko ukuthetha malunga nezichazi-magama nezivakalisi. Kwiincwadi ezinjalo zokubhaliweyo amagama aqokelelwe ngokwexesha lokusetyenziswa okanye ngamaqela athile: ukusuka kwingundoqo (iindleko ezibalulekileyo kwesi sihloko) ukuya kwipheriphery.

Kukho iintlobo zezichazili njengopelo: zingasetyenziselwa ukuhlola ukupela kwamagama, i-orthoepicheskie - apho ukuzwakalisa kunye nokubiza amagama, i-dialectical (okanye i-regional), kuqinisekiswa, apho iqoqo lesigama leqela elithile lidibene khona Ama-Neologisms, amagama angagqitywanga - oko kukuthi, abo bafake kwangaphambili ulwimi kwaye abazange balungele ngokwaneleyo okanye basebenzise ixesha elide-banikwe kwiichazi-magama ezihambelanayo (imbali, amagama angasebenzi, amagama amatsha). Ekugqibeleni, kukho iindidi zezichazili ezimela umsebenzi womlobi othile okanye imbongi, kunye neenkcazo ezichazayo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwamagama athile. Ezi ziquka, umzekelo, "Inkcazelo yeelwimi zasePushkin", "Inkcazelo yezenzo zika-Esenin" kunye nabanye.