Isiqu Uhlobo lwesityalo: isakhiwo, imisebenzi

Ubaleke - inxalenye yendawo yeso sityalo. Iqukethe inxalenye ye-axial - isiqu, kunye nephepha elikufutshane. Ingumthi osebenza njengendawo yendalo kwindawo kunye nokuthuthwa kwezinto. Ziziphi iimpawu zesakhiwo ezivumela lo mzimba ukuba uqinisekise ukusetyenziswa kwezityalo?

Yisiphi isiqu?

Isiqalo sisisombululo sokudubula, inxalenye yaso esisiseko kunye nesisiseko. Kwinkqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, kwavela njengento ebalulekileyo ekutshintshelweni kwezityalo kwiindawo zasemhlabeni. Ngombulelo kubonakala kwimizimba yomzimba , izityalo zityalo zakwazi ukufumaneka kwindawo. Inkqubo ephuhlisiweyo yokuqhuba izicubu yabangela inkqubo yokuqhubeka kwamanzi kumhlaba kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezivela kwizithombe ze-photosynthetic.

Imisebenzi yesiqu

Kodwa isigxina asilo nje iqumrhu, eliyi-squares exiyo yezityalo kwaye linikezela ngeemeko ezikhuphukayo zehlayo zezondlo eziyimfuneko. Ngokomzekelo, kwizityalo eziphezulu ze-spore, i-horsetails, i-chlorophylliferous. Kwaye kwi-cacti kwenyuka kakhulu ngobukhulu, ukugcina amanzi. Inkqubo ye-photosynthesis iqhutyelwa yile lungu, njengoko amagqabi ale sityalo sele aguqulwe ngamashishini ukuze alahlekelwe ngumswakama omncinci.

Kwisiqithi ngasinye akukho amaqabunga kuphela, kodwa neentso. Ezi zizitho zesikhathi esizayo ezisemncinci. Ziyimifuno kwaye zivelisa. Iyokuqala ivelisa kwizityalo zityalo ezityalo - amaqabunga kunye namahlumela. Okwesibini ziqulethe izixhobo zendalo, eziqinisekisa ukuveliswa ngokwesini - intyatyambo.

Isakhiwo sangaphandle sesiqu

Kwi-stem, ngeaso iso, kulula ukubona iindawo apho amaqabunga afakelwe khona okanye izikratshi ezishiya ngasemva. Zibizwa ngokuba ngama-nodes. Kwaye umgama phakathi kwabo yi-internodes. I-stem neqabunga leqabunga libeka i-angle-axillary yeqabunga. Kukho kukho i-axillary (lateral) izintso. Ngenxa yabo, amagatsha okudubula. Ukuphakama ukuphakama kunikwa iifali ze-apical zesityalo.

Kwimvelo, ngokuqhelekileyo kukho ukuguqulwa kwesigxina. Ziqulethe izinto ezifanayo zesakhiwo, kodwa zibonakala zibukeka zihlukile. Ngokomzekelo, i-rhizome ye-peppermint inamakhadi angaphezulu okwaneleyo kwaye, ekubeni phantsi komhlaba, igcina isityalo sihlala sikhona ixesha elide.

Isakhiwo sangaphakathi

Imisebenzi yesigxina ingenxa yeziganeko zayo zangaphakathi. Ngaphandle, iqumrhu libandakanya iiseli zesikhumba sekhava. Bangaphila (i-peel) okanye bafile (isikhala). Ziyakukhusela iziqulatho zesitshixo kumonakalo owenziwe ngomatshini.

I-peel ikhona kwizityalo ezincinci, iminyaka engadlulanga kunyaka owodwa. Kuyo kukho izakhiwo ezikhethekileyo-stomata, ngenxa yokutshintshiselwa kwegesi.

Kamva esi sixhobo esiphilayo sithathelwa indawo yesikhombisi sabantu abaninzi, kwaye i-stomata ithathelwa indawo yincinci ye-lenticulus. Njengoko isityalo sikhula, ubukhulu bayo bunyuke. Inika ngokufanelekileyo umsebenzi okhuselayo, ekubeni iiseli zayo ezifileyo zingenanto, kuphela umoya ophakathi kwazo. Ukunamathela ngokubanzi komnye nomnye, bakha umqobo omkhulu kwiimeko ezingqongileyo: izinto ezinobungozi ezinobungozi, uthuli. Ukuphefumula ngokweqile.

Uluhlu olulandelayo lubelwa ngamagxolo. Iqulethwe ngamaseli e-sitoid kunye neeseli ezidibeneyo ezinika ukunyakaza nokugcinwa kwezinto. Kuloluhlu olufanayo luyi-fibast bast - izixhobo zesikhombisi sogqirha, okwenza i-stem ibe namandla. Kubulela kubo ngexesha leemithi ezinqabileyo zomthi zihlala zingenakonakala.

Oku kulandelayo izicubu zezemfundo ezisemgangathweni ze- stemum, ngenxa yokuba isityalo sikhula ngobunzima, ngamanye amaxesha sifinyelela ubukhulu obukhulu. Ingakumbi iqiniswe ngumsebenzi wabo entwasahlobo nasehlobo.

Inxalenye enkulu yesitshixo ngumthi. Ukuqhuba izinto zale nxalenye yezothutho izinto, umatshini - unike amandla, kunye negcina eliphambili izinto eziyimfuneko. Olu luhlu lulona lukhulu kakhulu, lukhulu kwaye luncedo kakhulu kuluntu kwimisebenzi yalo yoqoqosho.

Ephakathi, kukho iinqununu ezinkulu, ezikhulu kunye ezikhululekile ezenza umsebenzi wokugcina.

Ezahlukahlukeneyo

Ubume be-axis yokuphepha kwaye indawo yayo kwindawo ingahluka kakhulu. Uninzi lwezityalo luye lwakha iziqu. Bakhangwa ilanga ngamathambo enokuphuhliswa kakuhle kunye nenkqubo engcambu, egcina isityalo sisemhlabeni. Ezi ziqu zinokuba yi-lignified okanye zihlala zihlaziyekile.

Izilwanyana kunye nokubamba iziqu zivumela abanikazi babo ukuba bathabathe ngokukhawuleza ukuvelisa imimandla emitsha, baphume kwezinye izityalo. Zinezixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokuvelisa izityalo, umzekelo, amadevu e-strawberry. Kodwa imithi ngoncedo lweendlela ezizodwa ziyakhula nakwiindawo ezibonakalayo kunye nezitye. I-stling stalk ye-hops ifaka naluphi na inkxaso, ukuqonda indawo efanelekileyo ye-photosynthesis.

Ubume besigxina sabameli belizwe lezityalo lingahluka. Ngaloo ndlela, kwimbewu yokutya ijikelezwe, kwaye kwi-grass-grasss iyinxantathu. Abameli beentsapho i-Umbrella kunye neCumpu banomlinganiselo ongenawo.

Yintoni i-trunk?

Zininzi iintlobo zobomi zezityalo: utshani, izihlahla kunye nemithi. Ezi zilandelayo zikwahluke ngokubakho kwesimo esisodwa esiphucukileyo. Ulwahlulo olusisiseko lweseli lweetekisi zemfundo ezisemgangathweni - i-cambium - lukhokelela ekuqiniseni i-axis yokudubula kunye nokubunjwa kwetraki.

Iiseli zeCambium zohlukana rhoqo ngonyaka, zenza umgca wobunzima abathile - amacangci wonyaka. Ngombolo yabo, unako ukugqiba iminyaka yesityalo.

Uninzi kakhulu

Kulo mfanekiso ungezantsi - isiqithi somthi omkhulu kwihlabathi-sequoia. I-trunk yalo mmeli wehlabathi zezityalo ingafikelela kwindawo ephakamileyo yama-80 m.

I-Sequoia Jikelele uSherman naye uyinxeba ende. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ubudala bakhe malunga neminyaka eyi-2500.

Uninzi lwawo onke amanzi lugcinwa yi-trunk baobab. Lo mthi ngowona mkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni kwi-girth ye-trunk. Kodwa isiqu se-orchid sinokubude kwe-0.5 mm, nokuba yincinci.

Ulungiso

Kuxhomekeke kwimiphi imisebenzi esenzayo, isenokufumana iimpawu ezintsha zesakhiwo, ukwakha ukuguqulwa kwesiqu. Ezi ziquka i-tuber tuber. Iqukethe isitshixo esiqingqiweyo kunye neentsholongwane zemifuno, ebizwa ngokuba yi-ocelli. Ngendlela, izilimo eziyi-tubers azikho phantsi komhlaba nje, njengamazambane kunye nepeysi yomhlaba-i-artichoke yaseYerusalem. Iklabishi kohlrabi yenza i-tuber engaphezulu, iinezitye ezixabisekileyo.

Ukuguqulwa kwesitshalo yi-wheatgrass, i-physalis kunye nelibi leentlambo. Zibizwa ngokuba yiirhizomes. Kwii-internodes zabo ezide zikhona iziqabana zamagqabi kunye neentso, apho izimpande zengenelelo kunye namaqabunga aluhlaza aphuhliswayo.

Isiqhamo sinombenge wegalikhi, i-lily kunye ne-tulip. Isitshixo sabo esicubileyo nesingaphuthukiyo sibizwa ngamaDonets. Inkqubo yeengcambu zezityalo ezinjalo iyakhathazeka, imelwe yimfumba yeengcambu zokufikelela. Ukusuka kwiintso ezikusezantsi, amaqabunga aphuhliswayo. Zingaba ziintlobo eziliqela. Ngoko, i-anyanisi enamanzi kunye namaqabunga amaqabunga avikela ukhuni kunye nefilimu. Kwaye ngokuza kweemeko ezintle, utyhulwa olutsha lukhula luvela kwiintso.

Ukuguqulwa kwakhona kusebenza ngokusasazwa kwezityalo. Umzekelo wale nto yamadevu. I-Antennae yekhukhamba inceda esi sityalo ukuba sinamathele kwisixhaswa, sivumele ukuhlala kwindawo efanelekileyo kakhulu kwisithuba ngokumalunga nelanga.

Iindlela zokukhusela zinameva, ipeyari zasendle, i-barberry ne-hawthorn. Le mithi idume ngeziqhamo zaso ezinombala oqaqambileyo, izilwanyana ezininzi ezinjengokutya. Amatye aqinileyo awamvumeli ukuba enze oku, kwaye izithelo zihlala zivuthwa kumasebe.

Isiqu lilungu lombaluleka obalulekileyo kubomi bityalo. Umntu uyisebenzise kwimisebenzi yezoqoqosho, kwintlanga yenza izinto zasendlini. Uninzi olutshintsho lokudubula luyasetyenziselwa ukutya, lusetyenzisela ukuvelisa izityalo, ukunika ukwanda kwindlela ezininzi izityalo.