Amathambo imilenze kwabantu eliphezulu

Kuba izandla lwamathambo zabantu ziquka amathambo nemilenze negxalaba. Nokwakheka, ngaphandle amathambo ingalo, yimani nezona amalungu kunye nemisipha njengoko zalo zayo. imilenze Upper iqanjwa: igxalaba bone, kunene, izandla (iwotshi, metacarpal kunye phalanges).

Iimpawu ze ihumerus

Le ilungu lomzimba yi thambo elide tubular. Oku kuquka umzimba ebizwa ngokuba kunye epiphysis 2: ongentla proximal esezantsi distal. Upper Front ibhanti igxalaba ngokumila asondezwe, kwaye uphantsi - elingunxantathu. Kwegxalaba yikhompawundi kunye epiphysis eliphezulu fossa glenoid blade. Onke amathambo amathambo yabhalwa kweqondo ongentla umzimba kunye epiphyses yaye enxulumene omnye komnye.

Isakhiwo nomsebenzi ulna

Ngokutsho isakhiwo yokwakheka ka ulna kunye radius kubhekisela yengalo. Ulnar iquka ezininzi amathambo elide tubular, kwaye emancamini omabini (i proximal kunye epiphysis distal). Isiseko kukuba ngohlobo trihedron ithambo, kuye ichazwa imiphetho ukuba amagama zilandelayo: ngaphambili (wesundu), ngomva (amanakani) interosseous (elingaphandle). Edge ngaphambili ithambo ngokumila setyhula. Kwakhona ngasemva ubuyela kancinane. edge Interosseous ngokumila etsolo ngokuma ithambo iphiramidi.

Mu kuya kwa nshita distal, epiphysis proximal anquma ngakumbi. notch Trochlear, leyo kuwo igutyungelwe ngokupheleleyo intlala articular. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuze hayi ukuyisusa ngohlangothi ithambo kwi intshukumo rhoqo nemilenze. Ngelo eziphelweni trochlear nenotshi ibekwe waso: sentliziyo kunye ulna. Umphezulu phambi ithambo ibekwe ngezantsi inkqubo coronoid iye isakhiwo buhlungu.

Le epiphyses eliphezulu kwaye asezantsi embindini kunye ulna kwengalo banxibelelane nabanye ngayo amalungu. Naluphi uxhulumaniso lwe amathambo imilenze eliphezulu - yindlela entsonkothileyo, ingakumbi kummandla engqinibeni. Ukuba ukwenzakala kuye kwenzeka nawezonakeleyo le ingqiniba amathambo okanye ngokwahluka kulo, kuya kwenziwa iintlobo ngeentlobo zemisebenzi kunye nemisebenzi iingcali, phambi kokuba ngengqiniba unako ukusebenza kwakhona.

Icala lateral (umphezulu engaphandle) lilungu nemilenze iquka umqadi ukusika, elitywinwe Umnyango intloko iphiramidi. Le Faka ukuba inxalenye ngaphambili ithambo kunye ithambo ngokwayo ukuba ibe joint proximal le yengalo.

Kanye nomba zisecaleni epiphysis distal, kwaye isebe posteromedial iye inkqubo styloid, apho kuyimfuneko iqela olungcono lweziqalelo sokuzalwa. Siyabona ukuba kunzima kakhulu ukufumana ulna, leyo kunye umqadi yenza amathambo nemilenze. komzimba Human - isakhiwo onke amalungu kunye neenkqubo, kuquka amathambo kunye amalungu ayo - akukho phawu ezahlukeneyo.

Kwirediyasi mlenze eliphezulu

Umahluko phakathi kweenxalenye ezimbini yengalo ukuba isiphelo distal le radius liyajiya kakhulu ngaphezu ekupheleni proximal. Le isiphelo yenza entloko ajikelezayo, nto leyo eye elitywinwe epiphysis flat. Ngenxa kule kukho umxube ekunene amathambo. Le intloko kumphezulu ehlangeneyo. Kwicala ngaphambili radius kukho inxalenye unoxanduva kuthinjwe izihlunu zomfana kwegxalaba. Iziqalelo zezakhiwo udityanisiwe kwisihlahla esebenzisa enkulu radiotherapy bone epiphysis distal. Le epiphysis radius ezisezantsi ulna, xa zidibene, zenza joint radioulnar.

iimpawu sosana

Bone nemilenze yabantu zibandakanya izinto ezimfutshane zimiswe ngokwemigca-2 (proximal kunye distal), kwaye imilo engaqhelekanga. In esihlahleni kubhaliwe thaca ngokohlobo kukho umsantsa egosogoso, lo convexity ka elijonge ngasemva ngesandla.

Kulo mqolo proximal nilithambo ezincinane ezibizwa ngokwendlela emile ngayo: iceba-ezimilise, isikhephe-ezimile, ezibunxantathu. Kwakhona, apha kusekho ithambo pisiform leyo elisecaleni phezu palmar ye into trihedral. inani Distal ofanayo i trapezoid, capitate kunye hamate ithambo. Ukwenza imisebenzi yayo, onke amacandelo zolwakhiwo zicwangciswe ukuze abekho inqwelo-moya enye. amathambo Carpal umqolo abantu proximal kweqondo eliphezulu zenza kwexeshana ellipsoidal. Elidityaniswe kuyo le epiphysis distal ye-radiation ingxenye eliphezulu. Ke inani bone distal sihambisane metacarpal.

Amathambo alo mlenze eliphezulu

Amathambo tubular metacarpal phalanges benziwa (kunye epiphysis omnye), nto leyo unawo umzimba, intloko isiseko. Bona kujikwa, kunye zijonge kwicala khaxa ukuya ngasemva brush. I Umqolo distal amathambo izihlahla bene neziseko zazo, kunye nentloko - kunye ekuqalekeni phalanges. IiNtloko amathambo metacarpal ezikufutshane esisekweni yokuhlasela proximal, kunye nentloko inxenye yabo idluliselwa ekuqalekeni phalanges distal ibekwe. Wonke ngomnwe has phalanges 3: i proximal, embindini, distal. Noko ke, nasesithupheni ababini kuphela.

yokuhlasela nganye, kwakunye namanye onke amathambo kweqondo eliphezulu, elo kwendlela ezakhiwe ngayo ichazwa ngasentla, naye unomzimba isiseko kunye nentloko. Kodwa uphawu wabo ukuba emgceni omnye emva komnye. Kulo mzekelo, zonke zontathu phalanges kukho mnye kuphela epiphysis lokwenyaniso. Inxalenye proximal izihlahla babe una enye apho ahlangene ithambo elilandelayo. phalanges oluphakathi kunye distal zahluke kancinane ukusuka proximal, njengoko zinemingxuma ezimbini ukwenza joint. Ezi emathambekeni babe isicaba, ezahlulwe phakathi kwazo scallops ezincinane. Wonke yokuhlasela wokugqibela ngomnwe encotsheni tapered kancinane, atshabalalisa kwaye roughened.

Bone ezamahala nemilenze ezimbaxa

Zonke mathambo amalungu oqhagamshelwano phakathi, oko kuvumela umntu ukuba ngonaphakade. Ambaxa amathambo aphezulu ngethambo, clavicle, kunye scapula amelwe ukudibanisa amalungu amabini bafundelane ngezibini: isiphambuka thoracic kunye eziphelweni isiphatho clavicle kunye kwentamo acromial acromion eziphelweni zalo sibheqwayo apho. Okulandelayo blade bundle - le ezinqamlezayo eliphezulu, abe ngokohlobo umqadi elifutshane obhityileyo, wachitha incakuba liqatywe. Umqala ukukhuthazwa luvo kunye imithambo yegazi akhiwa lungu ezinqamlezayo ekugawuleni yaye ngokufuthi ossified. Xa abantu, isakhiwo lithambo kweqondo Imintla nezimo kakhulu.

joint Acromioclavicular Ungasa nakweliphina icala, kodwa nezihlandlo intshukumo esezantsi. It likhusele lungu rostral-clavicular. Yahlulahlulwe yaba lungu uxande ntathu. Ikwadrilatherali i imilo trapezoid, unxantathu - ikhowuni. Zombini kwemisipha ukuya kwenye i-engile.

Inkcazelo kwegxalaba

Amathambo omzabalazo nemilenze kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwegxalaba. Gxalaba joint akhiwa yintloko ye ihumerus kunye kwisisu glenoid ye ikhaba. Le kwisisu nto okweqanda ezimilise, ohlala kwekota enye yommandla entloko, phakathi kancinane. lip Glenoid ekhoyo kulo, kwenyusa ngokuhambelana yethishyu nokuqina, Bathiwe wambu intlala hyaline. philisi joint uba inkululeko intshukumo, ngoko ke iqokelelwe kwi isondo kunye ithambo base-. Kwaqinisa imisipha, nemisipha, ibekwe kwegxalaba. intloko humeral ligxile izihlunu kunye nemisipha em- ngokuhlangeneyo. Kwinxalenye esezantsi phambi emagxeni izihlunu ntsebenziswano bengekho. It ingqongwe iingxowa yangaphakathi, leyo banxibelelane kwisisu glenoid.

Igazi kwegxalaba liphuma ngokusebenzisa ngaphambili nangesemva kwimithambo ibekwe kulo ithambo ingalo eliphezulu. Le bone ephindeneyo mobile kakhulu, oko luphawulwa manyathelo alandelayo: ezijikelezayo, eshukumayo setyhula, ukwandiswa, flexion, ukuthwala, ukuxuba. Xa abantu, amathambo kweqondo ephezulu nesezantsi zahluke kancinane, kodwa iikhompawundi ezakheke ncam.

Ukuntsonkotha welungu uyibhekise

Ilunga engqinibeni luqokelelane phakathi yokuqala, lo ulna kunye radius. It has amalungu ezincinane ezintathu ngaphakathi oku big:

• humeroulnar;
• brachioradialis;
• radioulnar.

Ngenxa philisi ngokudibeneyo kwaye kwisisu jikelele ziye zadityaniswa sentlanganisela ezintsonkothileyo isale hyaline intlala.

Humeroulnar kunye namalungu brachioradialis basebenza kunye ukubangela flexion nokwandiswa, kunye radioulnar ababandakanyekayo iintshukumo ze zengalo. motion ezahlukeneyo ebangelwa inani elikhulu izihlunu. Loo ndlela ezinzima awukwazi ukubakhona ngaphandle kwenkxaso. Kwaye nale nkxaso kwi entlanganweni yimilo kweli ulnar kunye ziqu nemisipha. Ayamrhawula amathambo yintloko nemilenze. komzimba Human iyilelwe ukuze kulo ngokudibeneyo isenzeka ukuthintela besibekeka kwelinye icala.

Njani amathambo ezi ziyenza njani?

Embindini kunye ulna zibekwe kufutshane, kwaye isiphelo enxulumene ukuya entlanganweni. Epiphysis ezi zakhiwo uqhagamshele amalungu distal kunye proximal. Kuye inwebu leyo ekuqaleni izihlunu ezinzulu kwesebe isabelo eliphezulu ukuya amandla ubudlelwane phakathi amathambo. Umdibaniso eliphezulu (proximal) yinxalenye ebalulekileyo engqinibeni kunye nesenzo asezantsi ngokuzimeleyo. Distal radioulnar compound ahlukane idiski encinane esihlahleni articular. It has ukuma unxantathu iindawo phakathi kwe nembasa.

Ubume welungu izihlahla

amathambo Carpal uqhagamshele ithambo iphiramidi ebonisa unxibelelwano kunye Ngoncedo iindawo articular ye DOS kwaye sokudityaniswa bonke abathathi-nxaxheba. I proximal amathambo carpal ezintlwini amaqhina oqhagamshelwano kakhulu, ngoko umphezulu articular - le yenye indawo kwi inxalenye esihlahleni. Yena, ke, ngaphantsi komhlaba radius, kangangokuba disc ngokohlobo unxantathu kunceda ukudibanisa kwindawo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo-ubungakanani ezidibeneyo. Ukongeza, kuyanceda ukwahlukanisa ulna compound, leyo engqongwe macala onke yi nemisipha.

Ngawaphi amalungu ababandakanyekayo kokuxhuma amathambo ngesandla neminwe?

Bone ibhrashi ukuba amaqhina oqhagamshelwano ngokusebenzisa amalungu amathathu:

1. Srednezapyastny. Le ibekwe phakathi amathambo kumqolo wokuqala nowesibini esihlahleni. On iindawo ezimbini esihlahleni (entendeni kunye umva) kukho imisipha ezininzi. Oku kungenxa yokuba izandla bethatha ukusebenza, kufuneka ukwenza iintshukumo ezincinane, ukugoba, unbend. Oku nemisipha strong kuthiwa nemisipha obuma- esihlahleni.
2. Carpometacarpal. Amathambo ezine metacarpal abe philisi elinye kunye moya ehlangeneyo. I ngokubambisana ubhontsi yahlukanisiwe ukusuka kwenye.

Weminwe amathambo enxulumene omnye komnye ngokusebenzisa amalungu metacarpophalangeal kunye interphalangeal. Ngaphandle kwezi, kusekho inani elikhulu kwemisipha kakhulu umnwe ngamnye ovumela umntu ukuba ukugoba futhi unbend iminwe. Njengoko ubona, isakhiwo nemilenze lomntu kunokuba nzima, kodwa ngenxa yale yokuba ukuhamba ezahlukeneyo.