Glycolysis - it ... Kwaye ke iziseko igcwala glucose

Kweli nqaku siza kuxubusha ngokweenkcukacha glycolysis aerobic, iinkqubo zalo, ukuhlalutya eqongeni kunye nezigaba. A look at the anaerobic igcwala glucose, funda malunga iinguqulelo yendaleko zenkqubo kwaye siqinisekise ukubaluleka kwayo omzalayo.

Yintoni glycolysis

Glycolysis - yenye iintlobo ezintathu inkqubo igcwala glucose apho inkqubo igcwala ngokwayo kukhatshwa kuphuma amandla, nto leyo zigcinwa NADH and ATP. Xa inkqubo glycolysis ukusuka molecule glucose zavelisa molekyuli ezimbini pyruvic acid.

Glycolysis - nkqubo leyo ethatha indawo phantsi kweempembelelo ehlanganisa ezahlukeneyo yebhayoloji - enzymes. Eyona oxidant eziphambili ioksijini - O _2, nangona kunjalo, iinkqubo glycolysis uyakwazi ukuqhubeka engekho yayo. Olu hlobo kuthiwa glycolysis - glycolysis anaerobic.

inkqubo Glycolysis engekho oxygen

glycolysis anaerobic - inkqubo glucose inqanaba igcwala apho iswekile akukho oxidized ngokupheleleyo. Yenza enye molecule ye pyruvic acid. Kwaye ngokunxulumene ne-eneji, glycolysis ukungabikho oksijini (anaerobic) kakuhle kangako. Noko ke, ukwamkelwa ioksijini yeseli inkqubo igcwala anaerobic anokuguqulwa abe aerobic kwaye ingena fomu ngokupheleleyo.

ezisebenza glycolysis

Inkqubo glycolysis - i-carbon ezintandathu glucose yokubola pyruvate njengoko iimolekyuli ezimbini carbon ezintathu. Le nkqubo ngokwawo yahlulwe zigaba 5 nokulungiselela kunye nezigaba-5, apho amandla lugcinwe ATP.

Inkqubo izigaba glycolysis 2 kunye nezigaba 10 imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Inqanaba 1, kwiNqanaba 1 - phosphorylation iswekile yegazi. Ngokutsho carbon atom wesithandathu glucose ngokwayo saccharide luvuliwe nge phosphorylation.
• Inyathelo 2 - Isomerization glucose-6-phosphate. Kweli nqanaba fosfoglyukozoimeraza zokuphosa kutsalela iswekile ibe fructose-6-phosphate.
• Inyathelo 3 - Fructose--phosphate 6, kunye phosphorylation yayo. Eli nyathelo ukuyilwa fructose-1,6-diphosphate (aldolase) yintshukumo phosphofructokinase-1, okuhambisana iqela phosphoryl ukusuka triphosphate adenosine ukuya molecule fructose.
• Inyathelo 4 - yinkqubo oqhekeza aldolase ukwenza iimolekyuli phosphate triose ezimbini, ezizezi eldozy kunye ketose.
• Inyathelo 5 - triose kunye isomerization. Kweli nqanaba, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ithunyelwa amanyathelo koko lwahlukane glucose dihydroxyacetone phosphate ngemali ngohlobo glyceraldehyde--phosphate 3 yi enzyme.
• Inyathelo 2, inyathelo 6 (1) - Glyceraldehyde-phosphate-3 kunye namachibi yayo - inyathelo apho molecule phosphorylated kwaye oxidized ku 1,3-diphosphoglycerate.
• Inyathelo 7 (2) - ku ukudlulisela iqela phosphate ukuya ADP 1,3-diphosphoglycerate. Iimveliso lokugqibela eli nqanaba le ukuyilwa-phosphoglycerate 3 ATP.
• Inyathelo 8 (3) - utshintsho ukusuka 3 phosphoglycerate-2-phosphoglycerate. Le nkqubo ithatha indawo phantsi kwempembelelo enzyme mutase. A prerequisite bayavuma kwemichiza kuba phambi wemagniziyam (mg).
• Inyathelo 9 (4) - 2 fosfoglitserta ngamanzi.
• Inyathelo 10 (5) - e-PEP kunye ADP kwiCEMIS phosphate ezivela sicatshulwa manqanaba zangaphambili. Energy idluliselwa fosfoenulpirovata kunye ADP. Ukuze indlela kufuna ion potassium (K) nezinki (mg).

Iifomu Mutated of glycolysis

inkqubo glycolysis nga sikhatshwe kwisizukulwana olongezelelweyo 1,3 kunye 2,3-bifosfoglitseratov. 2,3-phosphoglycerate nefuthe iza eziphilayo unako ukubuyela uze ukuhambisa glycolysis ngohlobo-phosphoglycerate 3. Indima yezi enzayim ohlukahlukeneyo, umz, 2,3-bifosfoglitserat ngokuba mpilo ubangela ioksijini angadlula aye nyama, ngokuququzelela dissociation kunye nokunciphisa O ₂ noFaro kunye erythrocytes.

iintsholongwane ezininzi guqula ukuma glycolysis kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo, ukunciphisa inani lawo elipheleleyo, okanye ukutshintsha phantsi kwempembelelo enqanda ezahlukeneyo. Inxalenye encinane anaerobes abanezinye iindlela zokudlakazeka ekudleni. thermophiles abaninzi abanayo-2 kuphela enzayim ye glycolysis, ukuba enolase kunye pyruvate kinase.

Glycogen kunye starch, disaccharides, kunye nezinye iintlobo monosaccharides

glycolysis aerobic - inkqubo iimpawu kunye nezinye iintlobo carbohydrate, kodwa ngokungqalileyo ukuba sizalwa starch glycogen, disaccharides ezininzi (Munoz, galactose, fructose, sucrose, kunye nabanye). Imisebenzi zonke iintlobo wekhabohayidreyiti ngokubanzi zijolise amandla, kodwa nkcukacha zisenokwahluka injongo yaso, ukusetyenziswa njalo njalo .. Umzekelo, glycogen glycogenesis efanele ukuba enyanisweni, iindlela fosfoliticheskim ezijolise amandla kwi ukuqhekeka glycogen. Le glycogen efanayo kakhulu kunokugcinwa emzimbeni njengomthombo wamandla yogcino. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, iswekile, efunyenwe ngexesha isidlo, kodwa umzimba ingqondo, kwaye elaye esibindini ziya ezakusetyenziswa ukuswela glucose emzimbeni ukukhusela umntu nxamnye iintsilelo kakhulu homeostasis.

Intsingiselo glycolysis

Glycolysis - a unique, kodwa hayi uhlobo kuphela igcwala glucose emzimbeni, iseli njengoko prokaryotes kunye eukaryotes. enzyme Glycolytic ngamanzi-emanzini. Reaction glycolysis kwezinye iithishu kunye iiseli zingenzeka kuphela ngale ndlela, umz, iiseli zengqondo kunye wesibindi, nephron. Ezinye iindlela igcwala glucose alisetyenziswa ngala mabhunga. Noko ke, asingabo bonke imisebenzi efanayo glycolysis. Umzekelo, amafutha kunye zesibindi inyama ngexesha ukwetyisa ukucatshulwa substrates eziyimfuneko ukuze kuyondelelaniswe glucose fat. izityalo abaninzi basebenzisa glycolysis njengendlela eya kwindawo engundoqo ye imveliso yezamandla.