Isanti: ifomu, iimpawu. Isanduli sokwakha

Isanti, ifom leyo elandelayo: I-SiO2, ilitye leentaba zentaba kunye nezinto ezibonakalayo ezinamacandelo enqabileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo iqukethe i-mineral ecocekileyo kunye ne-quartz, leyo i-silicon dioxide.

Namhlanje, isanti ifumene ukuhanjiswa kwayo ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezininzi zomsebenzi wabantu. Okokuqala, oku kufuneka kubandakanye ukwakhiwa kwangasese nakuburhwebo. Isanduli iba yinxalenye yezisombululo ezahlukeneyo malunga nokusekwa kweziseko kunye nokubeka indawo.

Inkcazelo yesanti

Isanti yesiqhelo ngumxube okhululekileyo weengqolowa, iqhekeza elithile lihluka ukusuka ku-0.16 ukuya ku-5 mm. Izinto eziphathekayo zenziwa xa idwala eliqinileyo lichithwa. Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela ukuqokelela kwenzeke ngayo, isanti ingaba:

• Utywala;
• Alluvial;
• Ichibi;
• OLwandle;
• Aeolian.

Njengomphumo wemisebenzi yamanzi namanzi, iziqwenga zivela ngathi zinomxholo ojikeleziweyo kunye nojikeleziweyo.

Impawu eziphambili zokwakha isanti

Isanti, umbandela okhankanywe ngasentla, yinto engabonakaliyo yombumba engasetyenziselwa phantse nawuphi na umsebenzi wokwakha. Ubuninzi beesanti ezinjalo aziququz kuphela, kodwa neefelds. Kwindima yokungcola kukho izityeyamanzi zobumba kunye ne-silicates.

Ephahleni lomhlaba iisanti ziqhelekile, zombini elwandle nasemhlabeni. I-porosity kwimeko ekhunjulwayo malunga nama-47%, ngelixa kwimeko enomdaka i-37%. Uxinzelelo luqikelelwa ngu-coefficient of porosity. Ukufumana i-sand-grained sand, le xabiso ngu-0.75.

Isandula, ifom leyo ingaba luncedo kubaqeqeshi, ine-porosity evulekile, eqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwamanzi. Ukuba isanti ixakeke kakhulu, ngoko iyakwazi ukuthatha imithwalo kunye nokuhambisa uxinzelelo phantsi kweziseko. I-modulus ye-deformation ye-sands ehlanjululwe kakuhle ivela kwi-30 ukuya ku-50 MPa.

Ubuninzi beentlobo ezahlukeneyo zesanti

Isandula, ifom leyo engadingi ngokufunekayo ngabakhi, inomlinganiselo othile othile, kuxhomekeka kwiintlobo zezixhobo. Kwimeko yesanti yokwakha, eli xabiso li-1.5 t / m ³ , ngelixa i-cubic meter yesanti esakhiweyo esakhiweyo iya kubala ubunzima be-1.44 t. Kwifom ehlanganisiweyo le xabiso landa kwi-1.68 t / m ³ .

Kwifom emanzi, isanti yokwakha i-1.92 t / m ³ , kwaye kwifom emanzi ehlanganisiweyo ubunzima obuyi-2.54 t / m ³ . Ubunzima besanti buya kuhluka kunye nomlambo, i-quartz, i-marine ne-quarry. Ubukhulu becala bendi nqanaba luya kuba lulandelayo: 1.6; 1.6; 1.62; 1.5 t / m ^3, ngokulandelanayo.

Ukongeza kokuxininisa

Ukuqwalasela iipropati zesanti, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwenye yeempawu zayo ezibalulekileyo ubuninzi. Ukuba sithetha malunga neendidi zezinto ze-quartz, ngoko ke lo mpawu uzimisele ngeendlela ezimbini. Ngaloo ndlela, ubuninzi bunokuba buninzi kwaye bunyani. Ubuninzi bunqunywe yindlela yokulinganisa ubuninzi ukuya kwivolumu kwilizwe elikhupha. Eli xabiso lithetha ukuba kungabalwa kuphela, kodwa nakwindawo yomoya. Eli xabiso lingahluka kumswakama.

Ukwakhiwa kweNtshonalanga kungabonakaliswa nokuxininisa okwenyaniso, eli xabiso liqhubeka kwaye lichongiwe ngumyinge wendaba ukuya kuvolontiya. Ngomthunzi ofanayo awunandaba. Ubungakanani bentshintsha ngenguqu ekuvelweni kweekhemikhali okanye kwisakhiwo se-molecular.

Ukunyaniseka okwenyaniso kunkulu kunokuba ubuninzi benani. Ubunzima, ukutyumfa kunye nokuchithwa kwesanti kungabonakaliswa ngqo kwamandla. Ukuqwalasela le parameters, iimvavanyo zenziwa kwivili elitshintshayo. Imbewu ke iyacinywa ngokucwangciswa.

I-GOST kunye neepameters ezisiseko zesanti yokwakha

Ukwakhiwa kweNtsundu kuhlulwe kwi-quarry nasemfuleni. Eli nqaku lenziwe ngokuhambelana neGOST 8736-93. Ngokuxhomekeke kwinjongo, umgangatho kunye nemigangatho ehambelanisiweyo enqumla umxholo wodongwe kunye nothuli, inqaku linokuhlulwa ngamacandelo amabini, elowo luneenkalo zalo.

I-formula yemichiza yesanti ikhankanyiwe ngasentla, nangona akuyona into kuphela abaqeqeshi abanomdla kuyo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela yokutya okusanhlamvu, loo nto iyakwazi ukuhlonywa ngobukhulu. Iklasi yokuqala ibandakanya isanti ehlanjelweyo, efunyenwe ngokutyhoboza ukukhangela. Iklasi yesibili yentlabathi ayithathi isihlabathi esikhulu kakhulu , kodwa iphinda ifanele, iphakathi, kwaye ilucebe.

Isanti, i-GOST yaloo nto ikhankanyiweyo ngasentla, ingaba nayo yonke into. Le ngcaciso ifumaneka ngesihlanjeni sokuhlamba. Kusetyenziswe kule meko, i-liquid in volume enkulu, evumela ukuba ulahle izinto ezidongwe kunye nothuli. Isanti ejoyiweyo sinokucinga ukuba kukho amaqhekeza amahle, ubukhulu bawo obuyi-0.6 mm. Olu hlobo lentlabathi lusetyenziselwa ukwenza umsebenzi we-plaster, apho ubukho bodongwe bubungathandeki.

Ubungakanani besanti yomlambo

I-formula yemichiza yesanti inokukunceda oyingcali, kodwa oku kunqabile ukuba ingqalelo kwiingcali zobucala. Ipharamitha ebaluleke ngakumbi kubo yinto yokutya okusanhlamvu, enqunywe yileti yeeseves ezinobungakanani beselula ukusuka ku-0.16 ukuya ku-5 mm. Isanti esomileyo idlula isihlunu, esikuvumela ukuba ufumane isisele esinqununu. Ubungakanani bemithombo esele epheleleyo kwaye iya kugqiba ukubunjwa kokutya.

Ngomdaka , sebenzisa isihlunu ngesilinganisi sesayizi se-1.2. Ukuba sithetha ngamakhonkco, ke le xabiso kufuneka lilingane namabini. Kule meko, ukwakhiwa kweenkozo kwikhonkrithi kulawulwa yiGOST 10268-80. Umlambo osemfuleni usetyenziswa ekwakheni ukuthatha i-factionalism. Ngokuqhelekileyo ikwahlula ibe yintloko kunye ncinane. Kwimeko yokuqala, i-particle size siyakwazi ukusuka kwi-1.25 kuya ku-5, okwesibini-ukusuka kwi-0.16 ukuya ku-1.25 mm.

Ukuxhomekeka kobuninzi bomninzi kwi-humidity

Inqila yomlambo yendalo ingaba nobukhulu becala kwi-1300 ukuya ku-1500 kg / m ³ . Izinto eziza kuguqula umthamo wexabiso kunye nobuninzi bokuba ubuninzi bomninzi buyaguquka ukusuka ku-0 ukuya ku-20%. Ukuba ubuninzi bomninzi buhluka ukusuka kwi-3 ukuya kwe-10%, ngoko ubuninzi buya kuncipha xa kuthelekiswa nentshonalanga eyomileyo. Emva kwakho konke, inkozo yentlabathi iya kuhlanganiswa ngononophelo oluthile lwamanzi, kwaye ubuninzi bezinto ziya kwanda. Ukuba ukunyuka kwamanzi kukunyuka, amanzi aya kungena phakathi kwe-grains, ukufuduka emoyeni. Ubuninzi bobuninzi buya kwandula kwakhona, okufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo xa uhlawula umxholo ngevolumu.

Iimpawu zeentlobo eziphambili zesanti

Isanti, i-GOST yalo ichazwe kwinqaku, ikwahlulwa ngokubhekiselele ekusebenziseni nasekuqaleni. Ngokomzekelo, isanti yomlambo, ekhishwe kwindlafa yomlambo, ibonakala ngezinga eliphezulu lokuhlanjululwa kunye nokungabikho kwamatye, ukungcola kobumba kunye neziganeko zangaphandle. Umtshini we-quarry ohlanjwe uchitshiweyo kwi-quarry ngendlela yokuhlamba, ngenxa yokokuba uthuli kunye neengqumba zedongwe zisuswa kuyo.

Isanti yenqanawa yeMbewu igxothwa kwi-quarry, ikhutshwe ngamatye kunye neziphumo ezinkulu. Iyasetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekuveliseni izisombululo zomsebenzi wesiseko, ukulungiswa kwempahla kunye nokulungiswa kweplasta. Umnxeba wenqila ye-soybean isoloko isiseko soxube lwe-asphalt.

Isanti yesiqwenga sisakhiwo esingaqhelekanga, esakhiwa yindlela yokutshatyalaliswa kwindwala yendalo. Isanti esilukhuni esinomthwalo ngumxube ongaxhamliyo, ofunyenwe ngendlela yokutyumba amatye ngale ndlela:

• Amanqwanqwa;
• Granite;
• IMarble;
• Slags.

Ubume beesityalo ziphendulela, kwaye ubuso bunzima. Le ncwadana isetyenziswe njengesigcwaliso kwaye xa kuqhutywe i-plaster isebenza, xa kuyimfuneko ukufezekisa umphumo wobunqamlezo obonakalayo obunqabileyo.

Iingxube zengxube ingaba yinxalenye yaluphi na uphahla lwentsimbi, ulwahlulo luyahluka, kuxhomekeke kwisisombululo kunye neemfuno zeprojekthi.

Isanti yesiqhelo senziwa kwi-slag yamalahle, kunye nelahle eliqashisiweyo lisetyenziselwa ukucubungula. Ngenxa yoko, umxholo we-sulphur ophantsi ufunyenwe kwizinto eziphathekayo, apho umgangatho wendawo yokugubungela kuxhomekeke. Xa wenza i-plaster yokubhabisa usebenzisa isanti yomgubo, i-rubble, ipowder kunye ne-crumb yale ngxondorha ingasetyenziselwa ukugcina kunye nayo.

Isiphelo

Iindleko zesanti zixhomekeka kwiimpawu zayo kwaye zihambelana nokuphelelwa kweekota kwiindawo zokusetyenziswa. Ixabiso elincinci yentlabathi yerhafu engasetyenziswanga. Iqule iibumba zodongwe kunye nenani elikhulu leengqungquthela zodaka ezidaka. Emva kokugqiba unyango, ixabiso lentlabathi landa. Isihlabathi sembewu sinokuxabisa amaxesha angama-2 ngaphezulu kunexabiso elidlulileyo.