Highway. emendweni Russia

Highway ... Indlela eqhelekileyo ibinzana! Sazi yonke into injalo, kodwa musa ukuba yintoni na zeendlela, isantya ngayo ukuba ukuba bahambe nokuba bangaphi Iindlela eRashiya. Makhe sijonge imbali ukuvela zeendlela, neminikelo yazo yokudla kunye elizayo.

Indaba

I-high speed umendo kuqala wavela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yokugqibela eItali. Ngowe-1924, wangena kunye nezinye iidolophu ezinkulu ezimbini nganye - Milan kunye Varese. ubude indlela km 85. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, esebenzisa amaninzi elithi "Umendo" weza evela eItali. Ngu ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane xxi, eli lizwe wakha iikhilomitha ezingaphezu kwe-6000 expressways.

Elinye igama elaziwa-kakuhle lendlela - "iautobahn" - uvele eJamani. Ngowe-1932, emendweni wacofa Cologne kunye Bonn, ubude baso baba 20 kuphela km. Interesting Eneneni: eJamani, ngaphezu kwama 3,500 eekhilomitha bezingahanjwa-high speed zakhiwa phambi 1941. Ngoku ixesha kukho ngaphezu 13.000 eekhilomitha endleleni.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku,-high speed umendo - kuba yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu uhlobo indlela yehlabathi. Ukukhokela isikhundla ukwakhiwa lengoma ezinjalo China. Ubude ekuqaleni kuka-2015 yaba phantse 112 000 km.

ERashiya, ulwakhiwo sendlela-high speed lalisele likho ngamaxesha eSoviet. Ngelishwa, ezakhiwa ukubala inani bezingahanjwa akwenzeki. Ngokomthetho kukukhawulezisa Highway Russia - amacandelo ezahlukeneyo iindlela ogangathiweyo.

iimeko flow

Yeyiphi indlela ithathwa speed eRashiya? Highway - indlela abanye umqondiso wezothutho, ukuba iindlela eziliqela kumacala omabini, ezahlulwe kunye nokhuselo olukhethekileyo okanye basihambise hlula. Le ndlela iye akukho yodibano kunye nezinye kwinqanaba elifanayo (nayiphi kuhlangana kunokwenzeka kuphela kwebhulorho okanye ohamba).

Osemendweni ngayo Akuvumelekanga ukuhamba ngeenyawo, izilwanyana, zonke iintlobo zezithuthi, hayi kukhawulezisa ngaphezulu kwe-40 km / h. Ezi ziquka iibhayisekile, izithuthuthu ezincinci, iitrektara kunye nezinye izithuthi self-ngokwaso. Kwakhona engamkelekanga kwizithuthi zikawonke kwaye iimoto abakhweli kunye neelori ayivumelekanga ukuba ayeke kwiindawo iimiba ukuba yokupaka.

Oku akuvumelekanga ukuba enze U-turn kwaye ufake izithuba strip eyahlula akwamkelekanga nitshintshe kunye noqeqesho uqhuba. Ngoko ke, eshiya emendweni, lumkela ukwaphula imithetho.

RF yemoto

Indlela ephambili eRashiya eqala eMoscow. Oku kubonisa ukuba uninzi iindlela ezakhiwe ebudeni bexesha yoBukhosi baseRashiya yaye zaguqulwa neemfuno zale mihla. Ukuxinana of network yayo inxalenye yaseYurophu kweli lizwe kakhulu. iindlela Main angakanani ukusuka eMoscow. Ngasentla ngakumbi usiya kokukhona-ephuhliswe uthungelwano lweendlela. Phezulu kwiMpuma Siberian Federal Districts, iindlela ezininzi wayamene motorways ezinkulu. Imizi ngamnye umyalezo kunokwenzeka kuphela ehlotyeni, uze kuphela moya.

iindlela Russian abe ubude elipheleleyo km million 1,396, kwaye ukuba ukutyabeka nzima - 984 000 km. Ukungqinelana nomthetho kwi ukuhlelwa kweendlela banayo iindidi ezahlukeneyo kwaye izinto kwepropati, kungekuphela nje urhulumente kodwa isenokuba Ofisi Russian Federation, kwakunye nomntu nje ngamnye. Ezi ziquka umzila we federal, yommandla kamasipala amaxabiso, zendawo. Kwakhona, kukho iindlela zabucala.

emendweni Federal

iindlela federal zewebhu eqinileyo kwaye inokuba isantya. Uluhlu evunywe yi-Government Russian, ukuba impahla karhulumente. iindlela ezinjalo nge iinombolo ethile emi phambi kwe ncwadi. Yeyiphi kwezi esebenza federal?

Okokuqala, ukuba zonke iindlela odibanisa ikomkhulu Russia - Moscow - kunye iingqukuva ezisemantloko kumazwe angabamelwane, kwakunye nakumaziko yolawulo Russian Federation. ezityhutyhayo ezinjalo kufuneka kwisimaphambili "M", ezi ziquka:

- M1 "Belarus" - "Minsk Umendo" - udityaniso noqhagamshelo Moscow neRashiya kumda kwi Belarus.

- M2 "eCrimea" - yokuhlanganisa indlela E105 aseYurophu eMoscow, Tula kunye eKharkov.

- M5 "phambene" - ukuba ubude inkulu 1879 km kwaye ziya ukudibanisa eMoscow kuhlala eChelyabinsk.

Okwesibini, kukho indlela yokungena kumaziko zolawulo eyahlukileyo phakathi kwabo. Bathi "P" isimaphambili:

- P22 "lweCaspian" - enye yeendlela elide yengingqi ukuba ubude ka 1381 km. Kuyinxalenye E119 yaseYurophu indlela, enqamleza Moscow, Tambov, Volgograd kunye Astrakhan.

- P504 "Kolyma" - ubude abangaphezu kwe-2000 km. Ingaba oohola iqhosha Far East. It edlula Yakutsk ukuya Magadan.

Okwesithathu, - ufikelelo kunye umendo Unakho ukuqhagamshela umzi elwandle okanye emlanjeni kumazibuko, izikhululo zeenqwelo-moya okanye kwizikhululo zikaloliwe, kwakunye nezinye iindawo zothutho uqhagamshelo. "A" bathi bonke ezichongwe yi isimaphambili.

NgoJanuwari 1, 2018, siya kusetyenziswa entsha uluhlu lweendlela Russian federal. Akusayi kubakho ukwahlukana kwiindlela ezinkulu, kunye nabanye. Utshintsho nabo bachaphazeleka iinombolo namagama lweendlela. Kwixa elizayo isantya osemendweni iza kuba ubuncinane 130 km / h.

Road "Moscow - Noginsk"

Umgama ukuya eMoscow Noginsk yi-58 kuphela km. Le ndlela namhlanje ubaleka ecaleni kohola M7 "iVolga", kukunaba eMoscow ukuya Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Ufa kunye nesiphelo. Indlela leyo ngokubaluleka federal. Akakwazi ukuqhayisa umthamo omkhulu, ngoku phezu unokuwisa ukusuka iimoto 3 ukuya 7 lamawaka ngosuku. Ngenxa yoko, kukho ngokufuthi kwemikrozo yeemoto kunye ingxinano esangweni eMoscow.

Ngenxa yokwanda intshukumo urhulumente wagqiba ekubeni abeke endaweni koohola ezintsha "eMoscow-Noginsk". Le ndlela enye indlela ukuya M7 kwaye ziya kuhlawulwa.

emendweni Toll zithandwa kakhulu kumazwe aphuhlileyo, ke ngoku size eRashiya. Le projekthi yaqala ngo-2014, zokugunyaziswa yokugqibela ezicwangciselwe 2017. Yile ndlela kuya kukunceda uthobe umgca ongundoqo yaye kuya kuvumela abahlali Noginsk ukuba baye kwikomkhulu imizuzu 20-30. Bekuya kuba luncedo olukhulu kubantu abasebenza eMoscow.

indlela erhafelwayo "Moscow - Noginsk" kuya kuba umthamo izithuthi 30,000 ngosuku. Kunye imizila ukuya ku-6 kwicala elinye nesantya ukususela 120 km / h, emendweni kuya kunceda ukunciphisa ixesha lokuba ahambe kwanokwandisa intuthuzelo abaqhubi. Yokukhwela yale ndlela, kodwa bengazi - okanye iya esisigxina okanye iya kuxhomekeka mileage. Okwangoku, ngenxa-mali amancinci kuphela ngokuyinxenye yakhiwe expressway.

Indlela "Moscow - St. Petersburg"

Okwangoku, eSt Petersburg eMoscow ajoyine i-M10 umendo federal E105 "Russia", wabeka ukusebenza kwinkulungwane XIX. Uxhulumaniso phakathi neengqukuva uPetros I ababecwangcise ngayo ukuba baza kwenziwa lo msebenzi, nto leyo eye yaba imiyalezo inkqubo yamanzi yogcino. Namhlanje ubude indlela ye km 706. Ngenxa nomthamo amancinci nesantya esisezantsi kule ndlela badla ngokuba ingxinano. Ebusuku phezu ekhwela ukuya 130-170 amawaka iimoto emendweni, kwaye isantya ekungeneni eMoscow ukuya ku-10 km / h. Ngenxa yale apho iminyaka embalwa edlulileyo kukho iprojekthi yokwakha uhola "eMoscow - eSt Petersburg" M11.

Road "Moscow - eSt Petersburg" iya ngokungaphelelanga kuhlawulwa. Ubude bayo baya kuba 684 km, kwaye okunene uya indawo M10 umendo ezikhoyo namhlanje. Faka ukusebenza umendo icetyelwe ngo-2018. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iindawo ezininzi wakha: km 15 ukuya 58 ukusuka eMoscow ukuya Solnechnogorsk kunye 258 nge-334 km - in Vyshny Volochek Dlula kummandla yaseTver.

Xa ukwenza imizobo umendo kufuneka ukuba uyithathele iimeko zemozulu akhawunti. iinkalo ezine bawela yi umzila, zinemozulu ezahlukeneyo: Moscow kunye yaseTver eyingcathu ezahlukeneyo lizwekazi, kunye Novgorod naseLeningrad - ulwandle lizwekazi yenguqu. Zonke iinguqu ngesiquphe kwamaqondo nga kakubi kuchaphazela endleleni, kunye nesiphumo izibonelelo ziphanzile azisalungiseki. Ngoko ke, indlela kukhetho lo ukutyibilika kufuneka ezinkulu kakhulu. Ukususela oku kuxhomekeke kwixesha elizayo wendlela.

Highway "Moscow - eSt Petersburg" iya kuba ukususela 2 ukuya ku-5 kwicala ngalinye kunye nesantya 150 km / h. Oku kuya kunciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokuhamba phakathi kwezixeko kunye nokuphucula iimeko abaqhubi. Uqikelelo iindleko zehambo kulo mgca iya kuba malunga ne-1,200 engange. Yonke into iza kuxhomekeka kwixesha emini kunye icandelo elithile le ndlela. Ngenxa yoko, indlela "Moscow - Saint - Petersburg" iya kuba kwafa yemoto yesibini eRashiya. Kuyimfuneko ukuba acacise ukuba imali iza kuba malunga ne-60% yendlela kusakhiwa, kwaye ungasebenzisa simahla kunye umendo yangoku M10.

"Moscow - Beijing" - khangela kwixesha elizayo

Dream nokunxibelelanisa East and West ebesoloko uwutshisileyo ezintliziyweni ama zabantu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ulwakhiwo umendo yokudibanisa eMoscow Beijing, kuye kwenzeka. Ngo-2014, imemorandam yatyikitywa phakathi kwe-Russia, China ukwakha-high speed kaloliwe "Moscow - Beijing".

Namhlanje, uloliwe ukudibanisa mazwe mabini, eyayiyidolophu esendleleni eya iiyure 130 - oko kwiintsuku ezi-6. Xa ukusebenzisa iprojekthi ukusuka eBeijing eMoscow kuya kuba kunokwenzeka emva kweentsuku ezimbini, wohlukane umgama ka 7000 km ngesantya-350 km / h. Intsebenziswano kunye kaloliwe Tshayina kuzisa uphuhliso loqoqosho izinzile zombini China neRashiya, ngokunjalo abe unxulumano oluhle phakathi eYurophu Asia.

Ukongeza, endleleni "Moscow - Beijing" kuza kuba negalelo kuphuhliso Urals Federal District. Waye wajoyina i-isikhululo kwizixeko: Kazan, Yekaterinburg, saseChelyabinsk, uze - Astana (Kazakhstan), Urumqi kunye eBeijing. Umsebenzi ophambili kunye ephambili ukudibanisa-high speed umendo eMoscow Kazan. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, China uza kubonelela iteknoloji yayo iya imali $ 10 yezigidi zezigidi. Kucetywa ukuba bayigqibe le projekthi ngo-2030.

"Moscow - Kazan '- izinga entsha

Highway "Moscow - Kazan 'uya kwenza kube lula ukunciphisa ixesha yokuhlala endleleni ukuya kwiiyure 3.5. phambili ulwandiso aso Yekaterinburg iya kuvumela ukuba umgama ka 1595 km kwiiyure 8. intshukumo olucwangcisiweyo ukuya ku-400 km / h-high speed oololiwe kwindlela. oololiwe zengingqi okukhawulezileyo kuya kulandela kumgama 200 km ngesantya ka-200 km / h.

Osemendweni icetyelwe ukuba eziquka okukhawulezileyo ngobusuku ezihamba imigama oololiwe, kwakunye impahla kunye kwisikhongozeli zokuhamba. amanani Speed ezi 160 km / h. Zalisa kaloliwe "Moscow - Kazan 'icetyelwe ngo-2018. Yintoni ke ekwakhiweni kwayo? Ubukhulu becala ukubonelela emisebenzi labemi. Iingcali athi ulwakhiwo lwendlela Urals kuya kunceda kuqiniswe yonke isakhiwo mveliso. Nekhilomitha enye kaloliwe kuya kuthatha malunga 16 lamawaka cubic metres zegrabile elungileyo, malunga 15 kweetoni eziliwaka izakheko ezomeleleyo eziphathekayo ekumgangatho ophezulu kakhulu, iitoni ezingama-125 ze zentsimbi kunye neetoni 25 web kaloliwe. Kuba ukuthenga ezi zinto abasuka kwamanye amazwe liya kufuna isixa esikhulu semali, nto leyo eza kwandisa iindleko zeprojekthi, kwaye ke ngoko, kufuneka abe kwindawo ukuphucula ubugcisa bemveliso nokunyusa umgangatho wabo. amashishini Local ungakwazi ukumelana nale ngxaki kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba kangangeminyaka emininzi ukusebenza abantu.

"Moscow - Don"

Umendo Federal "Moscow - uDon" M4, ngoko igama ngenxa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yokugqibela, yakhiwa ngo-1967. Ngelo xesha indlela babaleka ukusuka kwikomkhulu ngokusebenzisa Voronezh ukuya Rostov-on-Don, kwaye iileyini ezimbini ukuya eemitha 7 ububanzi. Ekuqaleni 1991 lwengoma yongezwa-500 km, yaye indawo yayo yokugqibela yaba Novorossiysk. Ngoko ke indlela mihla M4 "Don" ngokuthi kongezwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Okubangel 'umdla ukuba izikhululo yokuqala nohola wendlela orhafelwayo kunye indlela idolophana Hlevnoe ndikwindlela yaye ubude km 20.

Namhlanje ke umendo "Moscow - Don" yeyona ilungileyo eRashiya. Le ethile kuphela kukuba ehlotyeni luzele iimoto enye kwelinye icala. Uninzi amadlelo eMoscow kwaye ahambe kunye neentsapho zabo iholide elwandle. Ingoma kukhokelela le Krasnodar kunye aseStavropol Territories, Rostov Oblast kunye eCrimea. Ngelo efanayo ngexesha eqhutywa ezahlukeneyo imifuno kunye neziqhamo abasuka kwimimandla esemazantsi eRashiya eMoscow, eSt Petersburg kunye imimandla yomntla lizwe.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha busika kumacandelo ahlukeneyo kwendlela, ingakumbi e Krasnodar, apho kwingoma idlula iintaba, kwangathi snowdrifts kunye ice olomeleleyo. yemozulu embi yokuvimba izithuthi osemendweni iintsuku ezimbalwa. Ngoko ke, i element ngo-2009, ukuze ayeke intshukumo zonke lezithuthi ezindleleni lingalungiswa indawo kummandla Rostov iintsuku ezimbalwa.

Enye ingxaki - kwemikrozo yeemoto akholisa ukubakho kwimida kummandla eMoscow, njengoko intlawulo kwiindawo toll kuzakuthatha ixesha elithile.

Kwizikhululo nohola wendlela orhafelwayo ezininzi, yaye inika inzuzo elikhulu kwiindlela simahla. Okokuqala, indlela umendo M4 kumacandelo ka-130 km / h, yaye inkoliso - 110 km / h. Okwesibini, le ndlela ifuna endleleni mkhulu phezu phantse yonke indlela, yaye oko. Okwesithathu, kwiziza kuhlawulwa wangena inkonzo abaqhubi - uncedo olungxamisekileyo. mbono Excellent - video nge SOS asayine onke km 1.5. Ukuba bekukho ikhefu okanye Uphelelwe igesi, nje ukuya ibhokisi emthubi, yaye uqinisekile ukunceda kungekudala.

speed kololiwe

imizila kaloliwe-High speed kwimbali yalo isekelwe kwinkulungwane edluleyo. Nakumaxesha Soviet kwakukho izicwangciso ukwakha-high speed oololiwe, ezifana imoto - ngere- jet oololiwe. Ityala lakhe wathatha indawo 1970. Okulandelayo oko yasungulwa iprojekthi wendlela-high speed ezizodwa, apho bekumele ukudibanisa eMoscow eKharkov kunye Lozova kunye namasebe ukuya Simferopol kunye Rostov-on-Don. Isantya zokuhamba ngaloo ndlela kufuneka 250 km / h.

Ngelishwa, ekuweni eSoviet Union kwakhokelela kwintlekele yoqoqosho, kwaye zonke izicwangciso bakudala kude. Uphuhliso lwe-high speed Uloliwe "Sokol-250" kwakhokelela iimvavanyo ngo-2000, kodwa ngenxa iziphene ezifumaneka yiKomishini, oko engazange ukusebenza. Ukongeza, iindleko ukucwangcisa eyakho i-high speed ngokuthimba imfuyo yabo ngaphaya kwemida yokwakha, yaye iindleko ukuthenga sele ekhoyo eYurophu, oololiwe uluphumelele uvavanyo.

Isivumelwano phakathi JSC "Iziporo Russian" kwaye inkampani yaseJamani Siemens esatyikitywa ngo-2006 ukwenzela ukunikezelwa-8 oololiwe-high speed, ekwaziyo ngezantya ukuya ku-330 km / h. Uloliwe wokuqala eyabekwa ngo-2008 kwaye washiywa ibhabha kwindlela "eMoscow -. St. Petersburg" Highway "Moscow - eSt Petersburg" ukufumana uloliwe ethembekileyo Azigubungele umgama phakathi izixeko ezibini iiyure ezi-3 nemizuzu engama-45.

Le elandelayo -high speed kaloliwe wabonakala kwindlela "Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod". ixesha ezinika iiyure ezi-3 nemizuzu engama-55. Le ndlela luvuleleke kubo abakhweli ukusuka kwiminyaka yoo-2010. Ekupheleni kuka-2010 waba iyafumaneka-high speed yonxibelelwano kumazwe ngamazwe "St. Petersburg - Helsinki".

Umendo capital

Moscow, njengaye nawuphi na sixeko, lizaliswe kunye nezithuthi. Abantu abaninzi abahlala kwiindawo ezikude okanye yiya kusebenza kwisixeko ukuthenga okanye ukuzonwabisa zothutho yakho. Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, izibonelelo akavumeli ukwandisa rhoqo endleleni. Ukusombulula lo mba eMoscow wagqiba ukwakha yemoto-high speed. Phambi kokuba ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane xxi ingcamango "zeendlela", ingakumbi ngaphakathi kwimida sixeko, yayingekabikho. Ukuphuhliswa iiprojekthi ezintsha ziya bawubuyise ukuthuthwa 60% lwezitrato usembindini mzi.

Enye yeemfuno:-high speed umendo eMoscow kufuneka asuse ukusuka kwindawo yokuhlala, kwaye nodibaniso olunesantya esiphezulu. Ukusombulula ezi ngxaki, kwagqitywa ukunciphisa inani zokuphuma emendweni, yaye akukho namnye kubo ingakhokeleli naliphi na iziko evenkileni. Ukuba ukufuduka kunokwenzeka ukunyusa isantya ukuya ku-100 km / h kuyo emendweni.

Namhlanje siyazi ngale projekthi kweendlela ezintathu: North-East, South kunye North-West. Zonke iindlela ziya kuba Ring kunye nonxibelelwano kunye ezihambelanayo. Ezi line (okanye imisindo), ngokutsho abasemagunyeni, endaweni umsesane yothutho yesine. Ukulungiselela le njongo sihlelwe ukudibanisa i North-West kunye North-East of icici kwingingqi uMthendeleko esitratweni, South Isingqi nayiwela North-West kwisithili Krylatskoye. Ngesi uxhulumaniso abaqhubi baya kuba nako ukuhamba kwathabathela ekupheleni komnye edolophini ukuya kwenye, ngaphandle kokungena kwiziko umzi.

Iingxaki zendlela Worldwide kwizixeko ezinkulu ziyaphunyezwa yi emendweni. Iindlela yafakwa, phezu ngaphandle komzi, kwaye kuvumela usebenzisa zokutshintsha ibhulorho ephakanyiswe bephuma iziko sixeko mahala yezithuthi ngokungeyomfuneko. Ngokutsho projekthi eMoscow sihlelwe ukuba Isingqi abamelanga kuyiphazamisa, kwangaxeshanye ekhonza ukuthuthwa yoluntu. Oku kuthetha ukuba kuhlangana kwiindawo zokuhlala, ezi ndlela kufuneka mhlawumbi izongamele kwindawo engundoqo emendweni okanye ukuya emathunjini omhlaba.

Isantya kwi emendweni, kakhulu, ukuba akakabi nayo amanani lokugqibela. Iingcali musa ukuza kwisivumelwano ngalo mba. Yintoni isantya kwenxiwa emendweni esixekweni? Abanye bakholelwa - hayi ngaphezulu kwe-80 km / h, ngoxa abanye bathi ukuba kwandisa ukhuseleko, isantya angandiswa ku-100 km / h. Ngoku, njengoko yaziwa, imilinganiselo efana eyamkelwe isixeko: isantya ayikwazi ngaphezu kwe-60 km / h.

ERashiya namhlanje efakwe kakhulu iiprojekthi kulwakhiwo emikhulu - zombini koohola kunye kaloliwe. Uthetha malunga nokukhula koqoqosho kwaye kuza kuba negalelo-ntle karhulumente xa iyonke.