Bus Liaz 677: iimpawu zobugcisa, imbali kunye nenkcazo

Ngelo langoku xesha, bambalwa abantu Khumbula ibhasi LIAZ 677, kunjalo, uthi "iinkomo" ngokwaneleyo okanye "lihamba", njengoko abantu baqale ukuqonda kwaye ukhumbule. Umntu uya khumbula le bhasi ngoncumo kancinane isigqebelo, umntu uya ncuma yabagxeki ngakumbi. Kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi amagama aba bantu, kwaye iibhasi ngokwabo bonwabe abantwana. Kwaye kulula kakhulu ukuchaza. Kwezi matshini, wachitha esengumntwana nolutsha bonke abo ababezalelwe eSoviet Union kunye eRashiya yanamhlanje. Makhe sijonge amaphepha yembali le moto edume kwaye bazi bhetele.

Ezi iibhasi ezithembekileyo kunye nabalulamileyo kwinkonzo eyayihamba kwizikhewu esezidolophini kwiminyaka engama-30 eyadlulayo, kodwa ziye wathola ilungelo lokuba abe uphawu ixesha eladlulayo eSoviet. Imbali LiAZ 677 - ayikho nje ibali ngokuzalwa imodeli, njengenxalenye imbali nganye, ixesha olukhulu.

Kwaba ZILom waba lyase. imbali model

Ngasekupheleni-imi- 50 kweebhasi zesixeko ZIL 158, nto leyo isebenza kwiindlela kuzo zonke izixeko zeli lizwe inkulu, wayixela yokufa. Matshini ngexesha sele pretty lixesha kwaye zifuna ukutshintshwa. Ukuyilwa waba akudala kunye abakhweli abekwe apho kakhulu kancinane.

Noko ke, le minyaka ziyaziwa ukukhula ezinamandla okukhawulezileyo nokwakhiwa kwezindlu. Ngoko ke, emizini waba abahlali ngakumbi nangakumbi kunye needolophu baqalisa ukuba udinga iibhasi ezingakumbi, nto leyo kuvumela ukwenza inani elikhulu abakhweli. Yonke imihla amakhulu amawaka abantu ukuya emsebenzini, yaye uninzi lwemizi-mveliso kunye nezityalo zoshishino baba kude ngokwaneleyo.

Oomatshini ezazisetyenziswa xa izithuthi zikawonke inokuthatha ukuya kubantu abangama-60 yonke. Yimizi omdala, kunye ezinjalo zothutho ezingakwaziyo ukufikelela kwiimfuno. Kungenxa yoko le nto lyase waqalisa ukuphuhlisa iibhasi ezintsha emikhulu ethwala ukusetyenziswa kwiindlela zasezidolophini.

Ngoko ke, lo Ekuveleni komnyaka, 58. Kwidolophu encinane ipoma of Likino-Dulyovo baqalisa ukuvelisa iibhasi. Production sayohlala kwisityalo. Likhachev. Le mveliso ndandixakekile nokubonelela oomatshini umthamo ibandla efunekayo abakwazanga. Ebusika, unyaka-59 Kwabonakala zophando sokuqala nokudalwa kwebhasi kakhulu.

Kulo 62 th nyaka, kwakhululwa kwase yokuqala, LiAZ prototype 677. Kwi-owuva ye-63, umzekelo wakwazi ukufumana ncomo yayo yokuqala. Kunyaka olandelayo, uvavanyo drive ibhasi ezintabeni iye yabanjwa. Kwi 65 kunyaka wasekwayo imithamo yemveliso kwezityalo kwaye uye waba nenkampani inkulu, oveza iibhasi.

Yakuba i-design umsebenzi LiAZ 677 ziye ngokupheleleyo zigqityiwe, uRhulumente iKomishini umnike eluhlaza ukukhanya ekuqaleni kwimveliso. Kwathi ngomnyaka 66th, iibhasi baqalisa ukufika imali avtokombinaty. Nebhetshi yokuqala sele iqokelelwe kwi-owuva ye-67, xa imveliso mass ihlelwe ngezi 68 Ekuqaleni, aba matshini baye basebenza kuphela kwizitrato eMoscow. Kwezinye imizi lizwe, le mifuziselo kwabonakala kamva.

Kwi 71 kunyaka we kwisityalo ngokupheleleyo kwaye kakhulu baqalisa ukuvelisa ibhasi edume LiAZ 677.

Kutheni 'iinkomo'?

Le moto iye yafumana isiteketiso ayikho ngenxa umgangatho zokuhamba. Yinto elula. USSR kuzo zonke yaye njalo ukuba emaqandeni Cuba. Kakade, kubakho iibhasi ekubonelelwe. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba kukho abantu bengaba ephantsi kakhulu, imoto bafumana enye ukusetyenziswa. Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa yokuba lo mnyango esezantsi ibhasi, kwaba lula kakhulu ukuba ukuthutha iinkomo. Kwakungekho mfuneko ukwenza ezithambekileyo ezizodwa. Pet kulula besisihla LiAZ 677. ukwelinye ziye zatshintsha kancinane uyilo - kunqunyulwa uphahla ngenxa iimeko zemozulu. Ngenxa yoko, i "imfuyo".

device legend

Le modeli ithathwa ukuba ngowokuqala ibhasi a real umzi, eyayifumaneka kwi-Union. Ngokungafaniyo iiprojekthi ezidlulileyo, lezipho zange yenzelwe kuphela ngenxa yokwanda kwenani abakhweli, kodwa kakuhle ngakumbi. izihlalo Bus awunangxaki, ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo ubushushu. Nkqu engqeleni zasendle, abanye abantu bakwazi ukulala yoyi kakhulu kule ndlwana - ngoko ke yafudumala.

Lula ukuba isixeko

LiAZ 677 iye ukunqunyanyiswa amahle umzimba okuphambili oluzenzekelayo. Ezinye iibhasi kokuba iphawulwa ukuhamba kakuhle. Phezu maqhuqhuva nenkathazo indlela ezahlukeneyo, le modeli wamgxotha ngokuzithemba. Iimpawu ezibalaseleyo luthambe namandla nokumiswa wajika ukuphumeza kuba iisilinda yerabha-moya asetyenziswe ekwakheni.

Umthamo kunye geometry

Ngaphakathi, uvumelane ukuya abakhweli-110, yaye ukhwele ehleli kwakukho abantu abayi-25. Izihlalo zilungiselelwe kubume emithathu ze-mqolo ezine. Phakathi kwemiqolo zezihlalo kwaba sicatshulwa ebanzi kakhulu eyenza ezi iibhasi awunangxaki kakhulu lula kubakhweli.

ubude ibhasi 10 530 mm, ububanzi - 2500 mm, ukuphakama - 3033 mm.

Body ingaphakathi

Yintoni LiAZ 677 - umfuziselo ngumqondiso imihla emininzi bonwabile?

Kokuba isidumbu yayinqwelo-evelisa sakhiwo. Icandelo yomzimba kwaye uqhagamshele kwenye nenye rivet, sifihlwe phantsi lining, leyo wakhonza umsebenzi zokuhombisa.

Ingaphakathi ke lwenziwa nge laminate. Ngaphezu kwifestile kwakukho indlu epheleleyo, apho kwelinye icala ukuseta inombolo kwindlela apho isebenza umatshini, yaye kwelinye icala - ulwazi indlela.

Zokukhanya wahlelwa downlights ezintandathu izibane ezibengezelayo. Izahlulo kwakuxhomekeke kwi window nganye inika indlela yendalo pholisa le embindini.

amagama Yahlula ufanelwe zivula. Yaba kuphuma umoya oshushu, leyo yayifunyenwe ivela kwinkqubo injini olupholisa. pipe umoya wadlula kuyo kwicala lasekhohlo umzimba, kunye kwiphiko lasekhohlo lendlu, ngaphambili, kanye emva ulwahlulo lomqhubi, ngosuku frosty, abantu bawe balele umva.

iimpawu wezasekhaya

Iyunithi amandla kwi imoto ibekwe phambi kwicala lasekunene yomqhubi lebhasi. Iinjineli bagqiba ukuba iya kuba nempumelelo kakhulu, ngoko yaba. Esi sigqibo ukuba kukhululwe kakhulu nesithuba phakathi kwabakhweli kwindawo ngasemva. Ke ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba alungise injini, akunamsebenzi nokuba kufuneka ukuya phandle.

Ubuninzi umthwalo lade asi angasemva. Kwakufuneka amavili amabini ngasekhohlo kunye nelungelo elifanayo. Yokudlala zabakhweli yayimi ngezantsi kancinane ndlwana. Kwaye kule ndlwana ifikeleleka ngendlea ethambekeni nokuthantamisa. Ukuze ufake kwaye khupha ndlwana ngomnyango ngasemva ababhekisi phambili ziye zinikwe amanyathelo ezimbini. Xa phambi amanyathelo amathathu oko, ngenxa yokuba lo nebhasi kubeko phambi injini. Salon kwakhona waphakamisa ecaleni ndlwana kancinci.

iminyango

Ukuthutha akukho elide kakhulu emi zokumisa iibhasi, iye iingcango ngokubanzi kwemithambo ezine. Ibhasi ye ezimbini iingcango. emnyango wesithathu-moya inikwa ukuba umqhubi.

lo mqhubi

Iinjineli bafuna ukukhokela iprojekti ngendlela yokuba umqhubi kakuhle kakhulu kwaye zisebenza. Yintoni uthini ndlwana LiAZ 677? Iimpawu zakhe - descriptiveness kunye ergonomics. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, akukho nto eyolukileyo. Iqela lenjongo Isixhobo ziyahluka nesakhiwo ezo minyaka.

isihlalo yokuqhuba iye ivele, kwaye kuvumela ukunyenyisa ukuphakama, emva angle, okanye pillows. Ngaphambili kunye gumbi injini babohlulwe eludongeni. Kwezinye embodiments, ekhwele ibhokisi njenge "Ikarus". On iwindow enjalo ipheyini waba zabakhweli.

LiAZ injini 677 kwaye itye namafutha

Emotweni, sebenzisa i ezimilise V-unit ZIL 375. Abaninzi ibhasi ngexesha lonke iseti yeenzuzo babekholelwa le injini engxakini enkulu. 8-cylinder પ્રતિલિપિ ikopi injini sasinokungena 180 imikhosi, kodwa itya.

iilitha Nditsho itanki yamafutha 300 bavunyelwe 1.5 kuphela shift lokunduluka. Abaqhubi phakathi yokugalela amafutha ezithuthi ngokuyimfuneko kwenziwa. Kodwa nangona sephepha elikhulu enjalo, imodeli besahamba kwimveliso. Iibhasi on diesel zange ayisekho okwangoku, nepetroli ebemaninzi. Kwi indlela 93rd atshisa 75l unit ipetroli / 100 km.

Loo mfanekiso ngoku kubonakala nje esikhulu ngokoqobo. Abaqhubi abaninzi abaye abasebenze aba matshini, ndikubizile injini "elephant". Oku kungenxa yokuba, ukongeza ukutya omkhulu, uye wazibonakalisa cingisisi kunye nebhasi nzima obukhatshwa yakhwela phezu unyuko. Kodwa emva kokuba zilungisiwe LiAZ ibhasi 677 iinkcukacha ngcono. Kwindawo yokuqala wakwazi ukwenza injini for 76-octane ipetroli, kwaye baze bakwazi ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa leyo yokundwendwela waba 54 l / 100 km.

Kukho nenye inkalo yale yunithi - it nobushushu ehlotyeni. Ebusika, injini ngumkhenkce. Kwi hot mihla, umqhubi wayivula nomhlehlo injini gumbi, kwaye ngexa lokuvuna, iyunithi kuthwalelwa phandle umntu usambathisa.

transmission

Le ngeemoto uhamba kunye transmission oluzenzekelayo. Kufuneka athi kwaoko ukuba oku ibhasi ukuya PPC yolu hlobo lokuqala. Abaqhubi abaninzi nangoko nako ukuqonda zonke izibonelelo belunikwa automatics. Ezimbini CAT step banikwa amathuba ekuphumezeni ngesantya ubuninzi km 70 / h.

Ngokwendalo, le bhokisi yahluke kakhulu ukusuka imifuziselo ngoku, kodwa uthembeke ngokwaneleyo elula. Ukulungisa oko kwenziwa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu.

Steering neziqhoboshi

Tie umkhandi ibhasi mayixhotyiswe hydraulic drive. Iziqhoboshi baba kabini-yesekethe womoya drive.

Liaz 677 "eMoscow"

Ukwakhiwa noyilo, kwakunye neempawu hayi ngokwemigaqo utshintsho ebonakalayo kulo lonke eli xesha ukukhululwa. Noko ke, ngomnyaka 78th, yasungulwa imveliso ye maxesha LiAZ 677 M iguqulwe kancincane gearbox, inkqubo yombane kunye unyathela. Ngokuphawulekayo ushintshele kwidashboard.

Phakathi umahluko eziyintloko imodeli entsha ibe ingaphakathi ebalaseleyo netshatsheleyo. Kwakhona, umzimba baxhotyiswa izivingco kwisilingi. Ukongeza, ibhasi iye yatshintsha umbala. Ngoku zazimthubi.

Kugqityiwe ukwenza ulungiso kwi "eMoscow" kunyaka 97th.

iswitch

Baninzi abantu bathanda yaye babe nomdla ekufundeni ezinjalo iteknoloji - sayo kwimbali. Kukho kwanabo ukufumana ezi iiyunithi oomatshini ibuyisela kubo. Ngokubanzi, kucingwa unethamsanqa ukufumana nokuba endala LiAZ 677. CDDB kufikwa phantsi repainted kodwa nokubuyiselwa fom yokuqala.

Ekuphetheni

Kukho eninzi yithini le bhasi. Kukho iindidi ulwazi umdla ezinxulumene kuyo, ezininzi iinkcukacha umdla zobugcisa. Namhlanje inqabile, kwaye beziphantse ukumka. Kuyinto i izilwanyana ezisengozini. Kodwa abo bezinikela ngokwenene, ukusungulwa kwi kumdlalo yekhompyutha imodeli oyithandayo - LiAZ 677. "OMSI" - ukuba kuyi yokuba umqhubi webhasi le, kwaye ngoku luyafumaneka kwaye ingqalelo sithi uphawu ixesha eladlulayo eSoviet.