Behaviorism ku bengqondo: ukuziphatha wakho bathini ngawe

Ngalo lonke ixesha ubukho sengqondo njenge inzululwazi, isifundo zayo iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela. Kule meko, siza kuqaqambisa ezinkulu iindawo bengqondo: behaviorism, psychoanalysis nolwalathiso humanistic. Eyona ndlela kakhulu umdla kubonakala behaviorism, ebandakanya ukuziphatha ngaphandle kuphawuleka njengoko umbandela ngengqondo. Behaviorism - le ulwalathiso psychology, musa ingqalelo iinkqubo zangaphakathi ukuba azifumaneki ukuba engaphandle. Ngenxa yoko, psychology luya sisondele ngakumbi iinzululwazi zendalo, apho injongo yesifundo ifumaneka kuphela ukuya bearer yayo. Kakuhle eli ingqondo yomntu, zonke izinto ezibangela izenzo ezithile ngumphandi babantu ngokuthini na nesenzeko saphawula. Behaviourism in bengqondo bazitshitshisela ubunzima naziphi na iinkqubo zangaphakathi ezingekho bunokulolongeka izifundo, umzekelo, zingqondo, iimvakalelo, iminqweno, njl

Imbali indlela yokuziphatha ukuze bengqondo

Nangona asikwazi ngokuchanileyo kubizwa ngokuba umnyaka okuvela behaviorism njengoko nolwalathiso (oku isiganeko ngexesha elinye-), ngokusesikweni ngezengqondo njengoko inzululwazi yokuziphatha zivela 1913. Ukusungulwa uyise utyekelo zokuziphatha ingqalelo Dzhon Uotson, bagatya ukubaluleka lokuqonda in bengqondo. Kuphela ngaphandle indlela yokuziphatha ebonakalayo ezibhengeziweyo ebalulekileyo ekufundeni psyche yabantu. Phambi umculo Watson kwintlanganiso ye-American Psychological Association izimvo behaviorist, njengoko bathi, kuyo yonke indawo. Le umphandi wabanika nje kubo ukwazisa thaca uphando lakhe kumbandela. Behaviorism kwi psychology wawubonisa imeko ye revolution jikelele eluntwini kweli xesha. Iimbono jikelele ukuba ingqondo womntu encomekayo kunye reflex abangabakhe Rene Descartes, ngubani ngenkulungwane ye-17, baqulunqe imfundiso reflex. ERashiya, abameli behaviorism ziquka Pavlov (nokufunda Conditional kunye nokusabela kwemibandela kwizilwanyana) kunye B. spondylitis (Reflexology).

Umongo indlela

Imigqaliselo iphambili yale nkqubo i "isivuseleli" yaye "impendulo". Enyanisweni, ngoncedo kwabo kwaye ichaza lonke yokuziphatha kwabantu. ukuziphatha yesekethe Classical: isivuseleli ibangela ngumbala. Ukuba siyazi apho nokushukunyiswa kubangela indlela ethile okanye omnye umntu, sinako, nama ukuthetha, ukulawula indlela yokuziphatha kwe umntu kwicala elifanelekileyo. Kukho nezinye neengqikelelo ezingundoqo, nto leyo isebenza behaviorism. Xa psychology yokuziphatha naye wasebenzisa 'kukhuthazana' yaye 'nezohlwayo ", ngawo olulawulwa kunye nokuziphatha. Nenkuthazo kunye isohlwayo kunokuba akhabayo kunye navumelanayo. Ukuba unqwenela ukufumana ukuziphatha ofunekayo, sebenzisa inkuthazo ezintle okanye ezimbi. Ukuba ufuna ukutshabalalisa nomxokelelwane "isivuseleli-impendulo", sebenzisa isohlwayo.

isiphelo

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, behaviorism kwi bengqondo kudlala indima ebalulekileyo, umzekelo, xa kusakhiwa inkqubo yezemfundo okanye ukwenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo Unyango zexesha elifutshane. Kakade ke, kukho imida le ndlela, ezinye iingxaki zokuziphatha. psyche Irreducibility entsonkothileyo yabantu nayiphi na inkqubo okanye indlela yenza iingcali ngakumbi ukuya indibanisela iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela sakujika.