Dzhon Uotson: engobomi, iifoto John B. Watson

Dzhon Brodes Uotson - nani, ngokuqinileyo kwimbali loqheliso kwengqondo. Hayi kudala, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX, ihlabathi lwezenzululwazi bafunda ngayo ithiyori behaviorism. Emva koko nangoko yabangela eninzi mlonyeni ngo kwizangqa ezifanelekileyo, kodwa yaya ikhula. Ngelo xesha langoku akubonakali ukuhlangabezana abalandeli bayo, kodwa impembelelo behaviorism kwafikela phantse kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi, kunye nobuchwepheshe yayo kuqhubeka kusetyenziswa jikelele.

ebuntwaneni

Dzhon Uotson (1878-1958) Ndazalelwa eMzantsi Carolina, kwidolophu encinane abahambela Rest. Uyise, Paykens Watson wayonwabile ebomini eya kunyeliswa ngenxa oko kwenzeka endlwini rhoqo ukuphazamiseka kunye enyundululu akaphinda kodwa. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni into yokuba kwiminyaka eli-13 emva kokuzalwa konyana wakhe utata wakhe wayishiya intsapho. Ngenxa yoko, le nkwenkwe yashiya labagula kakhulu emoyeni. Unina Emma kakhulu inkolo ngemvelo, nto leyo eye yakhokelela kwimisebenzi yokukhulisa umntwana engqongqo, kwakunye nokungabikho phantse epheleleyo inkululeko yokuzikhethela ukukhokelwa ngakumbi. Ukuba kwi-22, Dzhon Uotson waphulukana unina, kusenokwenzeka ukuba zange ihlabathi ove wengqondo ezifana ezihloniphekileyo, njengoko ndiyilangazelela unyana ka umsebenzi lombingeleli.

ulutsha

Emva kokuphumelela ngo-1900 Baptist School kwiYunivesithi Fermanagh, wemka kowabo waza waya eChicago ngenxa yemfundo yabo elandelayo. Dzhon Uotson efika yesebe bulumko, kodwa ngenxa nohlobo lokufundisa, elahla umcebisi yenzululwazi kwaye azobe namehlo bengqondo. Emva kweminyaka-3 kuphela, wayezithethelela ithisisi zobugqirha yakhe kwisifundo uqeqesho zezilwanyana, nto leyo wayeqhuba imifuniselo ezininzi ezimpukwini. Ngaphandle yokuba uyakwazi ukuba umfundi omncinane kwimbali yeziko, wafumana isidanga, oko ke wokuqala ayezinikele enkulu kangaka-isikali umsebenzi amava kule namabuzi. Le ngongoma kuchongwa iindawo zomsebenzi ngakumbi ngu uJohn delimit uphando elizayo.

behaviorism

Emva kweminyaka emibini ukusukela kumhla yokuba kwagqirha wezenzululwazi Dzhon Brodes Uotson wacelwa ukuba intloko isebe sengqondo uvavanyo kwiYunivesithi Baltimore. Yena wavumela, ngaleyo ndlela avulele amathuba ngakumbi nangakumbi ukuba ukuxakeka izifundo zabo kunye imifuniselo. Eli xesha ebomini bakhe enxulumene kunye nophuhliso lwengqiqo apho ngegama sisazinzulu xa yemihla imbali. Uba umbhali kunye ngumlandeli kwithiyori behaviorism, achaza ngokweenkcukacha Umbhalo wakhe othi "Psychology ngokwembono a behaviorist." Yayifunda esidlangalaleni Februwari 24, 1913, imini leyo ingaqatshelwa ukuzalwa kwale ndawo ngasekunene. Watson uthi ihlabathi kwengqondo isayensi eyona njongo ezinxulumene entsimini nenzululwazi yendalo. Yena ugxeka isimo ngoku kunye nexabiso, esithi isifundo sakhe ngempazamo kuxhomekeke ihlabathi zomntu wangaphakathi, iingcinga neemvakalelo zakhe. Njengokuba bekuya kuba sengqiqweni ingqalelo yokuziphatha zangaphandle, kwakunye data ukuba ukungqinisiswa ngokomfuniselo.

umsebenzi zesayensi

Ngenxa ezintsha e-worldwork theory kunye nophuhliso kwayo okwalandela, Dzhon Uotson eliphezu yobukhulu eluntwini lwezenzululwazi. umvuzo yakhe yaligqiba kabini, kwelebhu uphando yaligqiba ngobukhulu, kwaye ukusuka abafundi abanqwenela ukuya kule ntetho, akukho kukhululwa. Ngowe-1915 wamiselwa kwisikhundla sokuba ngumongameli American Psychological Association. Le minyaka kubizwa ngokuba zebhola yezalathiso behaviorism. Ushicilelo owayedume sesayensi wozibonakalisa kwiimpapasho ezahlukahlukeneyo, kwaye ihlelwe 2 kwijenali yenzululwazi. Ngowe-1914, ibhibliyografi wakhe kwakhona ebaluleke kakhulu umsebenzi "yokuziphatha: An Introduction to Psychology athelekisekayo," apho nokuziqonda yinto psychology yaliwe ngokupheleleyo. imfundiso yakhe ukufumana isicelo esisebenzayo, kunye Watson ngokwakhe iinkosi ubugcisa yokulawula ukuziphatha kwabantu.

impilo Personal

Xa efundisa kwiYunivesithi umseki behaviorism watshata zomfundi uMariya Ickes. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba sibini wayenabantwana ababini, umtshato ayikwazi kubizwa ngokuba yimpumelelo. Ngowe-1920, enye inkanuko lomfundi Isazinzulu owaphumelela oselula batshabalalisa nje emtshatweni kuphela, kodwa bonke umsebenzi ngempumelelo, uye sele ukwakha iminyaka emininzi. Umfazi wafumana ubungqina indoda imbalelwano romantic kwaye uzishicilele esendimbaneni, nto leyo eyabangela enziwa ngokukhawuleza. Ukususela ngoku, nam apho nokufundisa akukho mbuzo. Ukuqhawula umtshato elikhulu kunene, kodwa nangona oku, Rozaliya Reyner kunye Dzhon Uotson, ifoto leyo ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi, ngoko nangoko watshata. Ngenxa yale umtshato, waba nempumelelo ezidlulileyo, bazalwa ezimbini ngaphezulu Watson, abafana. Rosalie walishiya eli hlabathi kusekutsha kakhulu, phambi kokuba umfazi engama-23. UYohane walahlekelwa enzima, kodwa waqhubeka ukusebenza. Noko ke, sele ngendlela eyahlukileyo kancinane.

intengiso

Njengomfundi, waba ixesha atyelele elebhu, isisebenzi kwaye nkqu umlungiseleli, kodwa kwixesha elizayo kuba bambalwa kakhulu abantu bekhathalelwe, ngenxa yokuba uye ihlabathi indumasi Dzhon Uotson - a ngengqondo. Nehlazo bazohlala wamnyamezela ukuba bakhangele kwiindawo ezintsha ukuphunyezwa, yaye ukhetha umda eyenziwayo isicelo ulwazi olufunyenweyo. Ukuze ube ngakumbi ngqo, ishiya kunye nentloko kule ntengiso. Ngaloo maxesha, le ndawo elitsha kufuneka uphando oluneenkcukacha ukufumana phandle i ukuziphatha iindlela kolawulo abathengi. Kwaye ke eli ulawulo usesikhundleni esembindini kolu shishino bengqondo, ngoko uYohane intloko yakhe ujule kwimisebenzi iintengiso. Yena luqala, njengayo nayiphi na, ukusuka ezantsi, kwenye i-arhente of New York phantsi kolawulo Stanley Rizora. Kunye nezinye abaviwa, Yabona, udlula zonke izigaba zengqesho, nkqu nangona ulwazi lwakhe olunzulu kunye lwesayensi. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, yena uyayikhulula phezulu, bafumane izakhono ezitsha kwaye ukuntywiliselwa ngokupheleleyo kwingcingane urhwebo, esebenzisa amagatya ziyabethabethana lwabo abalufumeneyo. Ngoko ke, uyakwazi ukuphakama ukuya kutsho kwisikhundla uSekela Mongameli kwenkampani ukuba ahlale kule ndawo iminyaka eliqela.

Lona Watson

Ukusebenza abarhwebi, Dzhon Uotson uyaqhubeka wabambesa emibonweni yabo zenzululwazi kule ncwadi. Emva kokufa kwakhe, kwizizukulwana ezizayo zeesayikholojisti mbono ahlale imisebenzi eziliqela, kuquka "behaviorism", "Iindlela ze behaviorism" yaye "ukukhathalelwa komntwana engqondweni." Phakathi abalandeli bakhe edumileyo, owayesebenza ngemfundiso ngakumbi, ukuze sikwazi ukubona Burres Skinner, owathi, kunye nezinye nabo bakwazi ukufikelela ekukhuthazeni behaviorism. Noko ke, loo nto iye ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba kuthotyelwe phantsi zagxekwa, ngokuba ubukhulu becala ngenxa yenyaniso yokuba ngakumbi yayifana isixhobo zonyanzelo. Kwiminyaka elandelayo, ukufunda yayo uye ukuhla, eshiya nto kodwa iseti iindlela ezininzi, kwaye unanamhla kusetyenziswa kurhwebo, ezopolitiko kunye namanye amanqanaba.

Iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi nokufa

Kwiminyaka emininzi emva kokufa umfazi wakhe isigqibo owayesakuba utitshala ukuba lirhoxe ishishini advertising, ndizihlalise phezu ifama cwaka. Kukho kwaye behlala ngaphandle kwimihla yokugqibela Dzhon Uotson. Biography yobomi bakhe iyanqanyulwa ngo-1958. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambilana, umbutho, apho wakha umongameli balifaka kuluhlu yayo zamalungu yekhethelo. Ayizange kunceda umlibale sisithuko, ngokuba ebekade umnakekeli umsebenzi wakhe oyintanda, kunye nelungelo lokuhlala kwizikhundla ezithile, ngokunjalo kulo nyaka apho walishiya eli hlabathi, ukuba ulungiselela umlilo eyadini, enika ezininzi amaphepha enzululwazi ilangatye. Irubrikhi intlokoma yokugqibela ubuncinane umsebenzi Watson, kodwa lo mthetho asichukunyiswa elihle, kuba negalelo psychology of Watson wenza enye izazinzulu ezininzi ebalaseleyo kwinkulungwane yokugqibela.