Aristophanes, "AmaFrogs": amahlaya omfutshane, uhlalutyo kunye nokuphonononga

U-Aristophanes - umdumi waseRoma ongumdumi owaziwa kakhulu, wayebizwa ngokuba ngu-"ubaba wohlazo." Kule nqaku siza kuthetha ngenye yezona zidumileyo kwimidlalo yakhe - "amaFrogs". Makhe siqwalasele umxholo wayo omfutshane, uhlalutyo olutshanje kwaye unike ingxelo yabo bafunda.

Ngaphambili

Ngaba ulwalamano oluthile kumbali yakudala yamaGrike athi uAristophanes wabhala. "Iifrigi" (isishwankathelo esifutshane sichazwe ngezantsi) ngoko kuyafaneleka ukufunda emva kwenkcazo emfutshane.

E-Athene, yahlala emithathu eyaziwayo kulo lonke elaseGrisi, ababhali beentlekele: umdala wabo ngu-Aeschylus, ophakathi -Sophocles kunye nomncinci - uEuripides. Ngexesha elifanayo, u-Aeschylus wayebhekwa njengobungangamsha kunye namandla, amaSophocles - ngokuvisisanayo kwaye acacile, kunye no-Euripides - ngokuxhomekeka kunye nexesha. Ngethuba lokubhala le midlalo, zonke izinto zokudlala zasesele zifile, kwaye phakathi kwexesha, iingxabano malunga nokuba ngubani owona mhle kubo akazange ayeke. Umbono wakhe kulo mbandela wagqiba kwelokuba kuthethwa ngo-Aristophanes ("amaFrogs"). Umxholo omfutshane, onokufunyanwa ngezantsi, uya kucacisa ukuba ngubani, ngokubona komculi, owona mhle.

Injongo yegama

Iliphi igama elingaqhelekanga elivela kumdlalo ozinikezelwe kumdlalo wokudlala? Inyaniso kukuba i-chorus yale ngqungquthela, ngokubhekiselele kwingcamango ka-Aristophanes, yayiza kugqokelwa iingubo kunye neengoma zazo zonke.

Kodwa la maxoxo akalula, ahlala emlanjeni weSyx ifile, apho imiphefumlo yabafileyo ihanjiswa kwinqanawa yeCron.

Aristophanes, "I-Frogs": isishwankathelo esifutshane. Umgca

E-Athene, oothixo benkundla yokudlala yayinguDionysus. Kwaye ngoku uthi akukho zintlekele ezilungileyo kwisixeko. Ngokuxhalabisa ngexesha lokudlala, uyanquma ukuhla waya eHayidesi aze ahoxise ama-Euripides apho.

UDionysus akazi indlela yokuya eHayidesi, ngoko ulungiselela icebiso kuHercules, owayesele ekhona. Uthi ukutshintshwa kuya kunceda iCron, yinto yonke imithwalo iya kufuneka ihambe ebhantsini. Kodwa uDionysus akakwazi ukuphosa izinto zakhe. Emva koko uThixo ngokwakhe uhleli emkhombeni aze awele ngaphesheya kwesiteji, kwaye umkhonzi wakhe ngezinto zigijimele. Kwinye inxweme badibana nayo.

Isango leHayidesi

Ngokwenene, kukho ukucaciswa ngokucacileyo kwesiganeko somdlalo we-Aristophanes "amaFrogs" (isishwankathelo esifutshane nolu bungqina).

Nanku uDionysus ephambi kwebhotwe laseHayidesi, phambi kokuba u-Eak uhleli. Ngengqungquthela, ubonakala njengengumgwebi wehlabathi, kwaye ekudlaleni ubonakaliswa njengomgcini-wesango. UDionysus uyabhoxa esangweni. Eak kubuza ngubani ozayo. UThixo, ukuphosa isikhumba seengonyama, uphendula uHercules. Umgcini wesango uyalongela ukuphosa i-monster kuye ngenxa yokuba iqhawe lalithatha uKerber.

UDionysus, ngokukrakra, utshintsho kwiingubo zowesifazane, kwaye unike isikhumba kwisigqila. Kodwa apha intombikazi ka-Queen Aide ibonakala kwaye ibiza iiHeracles kwiindawo zokuhlala zeMistress. UDionysus kunye nomkhonzi wakhe ngokukhawuleza baphinde bagqoke.

Ibuyiselwe ekugcinweni kwe-Eak. Ujonge iindwendwe kwaye akakwazi ukuqonda ukuba ngubani na ongukhoboka, kwaye ngubani na inkosi. Uthatha isigqibo sokuba aqhube iintonga zombini - okhwaza kuqala, kwaye kukho ikhoboka. Kodwa akukho nto iphuma kulo msebenzi. Emva koko u-Eak unquma ukuthatha iindwendwe ezingalindelekanga kwiHayidesi, unkulunkulu we- underworld uya kuqonda ukuba ngubani.

Umncintiswano weebongi

Isishwankathelo ("AmaFrogs") apha ithatha ukujonga okungaqhelekanga kumfundi wanamhlanje, njengoko isenzo salo mdlalo siphazamiseka yiyunithi, ekwifom yengoma ivakalisa kwiingqungquthela zesicatshulwa. Emva koko, uphuhliso lwecebo luyaqhubeka.

Kuvela ukuba kwihlabathi elingaphantsi komhlaba kukho ukhuphiswano phakathi kwamabongozi. Kuze kube kutshanje, eyona nto ibhetele yayinguAeschylus, kodwa ngoku isihloko sakhe siyaphikisana yi-Euripides. Kwaye iHayidesi imisela uDionysus njengomgwebi wale phiswano. Umdlalo uqala.

Owokuqala ngu-Euripides, ubeka u-Aeschylus icala lokuba umdlalo wakhe uyamangalisa, amazwi angaqondakaliyo. Kuloo Euripides efanayo into yonke ilula kwaye icacile, njengobomi. U-Aeschylus wayechasene nomchasi ukuba umlobi wenjongo yakhe yayikufundisa abantu inyaniso nokulungileyo, kwaye amaqhawe ase-Euripides ayonakele kwaye anonya, bangayifundisa njani umbonisi olungileyo? Ngokubhekiselele kumagama, ingcamango ephakamileyo nayo ingenxa yolwimi oluphezulu.

Ukufunda imibongo

Ulwazi olulungileyo lweenganekwane lufunekayo ukuqonda umsebenzi uAristophanes abhala ("amaFrogs"). Isishwankathelo, inkcazo okanye uhlalutyo ngoko ayiyi kwenza ngaphandle kokunciphisa okufutshane kwiintsomi zamaGrisi zamandulo.

Inxalenye elandelayo yokhuphiswano iqalisa - iibongozi zifunde iimbongo zabo. Iyokuqala ngu-Aeschylus. U-Euripides wenza imibono kuye, ngokuba umzekelo, i-Orestes ethuneni likayise uyathandaza "ukuva nokuthobela," kodwa into efanayo. Uyancwatywa nguDionysus - Orestes ujikela kwabafileyo, kwaye nangona ephinda aphinda, akayi kuphendula.

Emva koko ufunda indalo yakhe i-Euripides, kwaye ke i-Aeschylus quibbles-kutheni zonke idrama ziqala nge-pedigrees. Ingxabano ebaluleke kakhulu kwimisebenzi, ephantse ayifinyelele ukulwa. Kodwa uDionysus ungenelela ngexesha. UThixo uyanquma ukuba izibongo zithethe enye indinyana yevesi, kwaye uya kulinganisa esikhaleni "esinzima". U-Euripides uqala, kodwa indalo yakhe inzima kwaye ayibuhlungu. Iqhubeka i-Aeschylus kwaye ivakalisa i-euphonious and melodious line. Ngokukhawuleza, uDionysus umemeza esithi "i-Aeschylus inzima".

Ukuqhawula

Kwinqanaba elilandelayo lomncintiswano, iibongozi kufuneka zihlanganyele izimvo zabo kwiimeko zezopolitiko e-Athene. Nangona kunjalo, nakhona apha izibongi zilingana. UDionysus udidekile: ngubani omele athathe eHades kunye naye. Ngalindelekanga, wenza isigqibo aze athi u-Aeschylus ophumeleleyo. U-Euripides uyacaphuka: UThixo uthembise ukuyithatha. Ekuphenduleni, uDionysus uyaphendula iindinyana zakhe - "Akuyena mna, ulwimi lwam oluthembisiwe." Isibongo sisoloko sichasa, kwaye uThixo uphendula ngokucaphula kwiimisebenzi zakhe. Ngenxa yoko, u-Euripides uyayeka.

UDionysus no-Aeschylus baqokelele endleleni. IHades ibabuza ukuba badlulisele kwiintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezaziwayo kunye nezopolitiko ukuba sele sele zilindele. Iqonga liyakhala uAthene kunye no-Aeschylus, inkosi engapheliyo yelizwi.

Ngoko i-comedy iphelile, eyayibhalwa ngu-Aristophanes ("amaFrogs"). Isishwankathelo sedayari zabafundi sinokuncitshiswa kakhulu, musa ukuchaza ngokucacileyo iingxabano kunye nomgcini-masango kunye nobuchule beebongozi.

Uhlalutyo

I-comedy yenziwa kuqala kwi-405 BC. E. Yaye yamkelwa kakuhle ngabantu base-Athene. Enyanisweni, lo mdlalo ubonakalisa imibono yombhali ngokwakhe. I-comedy icaciswe ngokucacileyo malunga no-Euripides, ebonakala ehambelana, enomdla kwaye engapheleli. Ngokwahlukileyo kuye, u-Aeschylus, imbongi ephakamileyo, eneenkondlo ezithwele i-maral yinobuqhawe, inzulu, inzulu kunye nelizwe.

Kukho izigwebo ezininzi ezinobungozi emsebenzini, apho uAristophanes ngokwakhe ebona khona. "Izifucu" (isishwankathelo sichazwe kweli nqaku) zibhaliwe ngumlobi emva kweembalo zezopolitiko nezomkhosi zaseAthene. Esinye sezizathu zokutshatyalaliswa kweAristophanes sibona kwinkqubo entsha - idemokhrasi, elandelwa yi-Euripides. Ngoxa i-Aeschylus ibonakalisa ukudala. Nangona i-orientation yezopolitiko, i-parody emisebenzini ayiyancipha. I-comedy ihlala kwi-buffoonery yendabuko kunye nesitayela sokuhlawula.

Uphononongo

Ngasentla sichaze umxholo omfutshane we-comedy Aristophanes "AmaFrogs", iimpendulo ezifanayo esiza kuzibonisa apha. Ngoko, nangona ixesha elidlulileyo ukususela ekubhaliseni komdlalo, kusasazwa kwaye yahleka. I-humor of Aristophanes yinto eqondakalayo ngoku. Ngokuqinisekileyo, abafundi baqaphela ukuba ukungabikho kolwazi lwembali kunye neencwadi zeGrisi lasendulo kunokubangela ukungaqondi kakuhle, kodwa ngokubanzi akuphazamisi ukuzonwabisa ngomsebenzi.