Yamandulo Greece - ilizwe emangalisayo. inkcubeko yakhe kuphuhliswa kakhulu idlale indima enkulu kuphuhliso lwe impucuko ehlabathini. indlela wentsomi yokucinga ezendeleyo abantu belo xesha, wazala unqulo kuyo inkoliso zodonga ngalo yobuhedeni, iinkolelo totem, ukunqulwa izinyanya yempembelelo iingcamango zezinye iintlanga, apho amaGrike amandulo wayichukumisa. "I Odyssey" yaye "Iliad", imisebenzi uHesiod, iitempile ezininzi, eqingqiweyo yoothixo, imifanekiso - ezi imithombo apho sinokufunda lukhulu malunga Hellas omkhulu.
Umfanekiso yehlabathi nokuphila
Xa intliziyo ezingqondweni wentsomi yamaGrike amandulo kunye iingcamango zabo inkcubeko ubuxoki kwamagumbi ibe ihlabathi ethile ophilayo. Zesayensi oku kubizwa ngokuba ziyaphila cosmologism-sisilumko. Universe kunye izijikelezi, iinkwenkwezi, nakwiinkwenkwezi kunye Umhlaba ngokwawo ngezinto zonke, kwabonakala ukuba ubomi, sanikwa sizathu kunye nomxholo ngokomoya. Imithetho kunye namandla endalo elenziwe yi-amaGrike imifanekiso oothixo bamandulo - ezinkulu nezincinane, abakhonzi zabo kunye nabancedisi, maqhawe Titans. Ihlabathi lonke yaye yonke into eyenzeka kuyo amaGrike waqonda njenge imfihlelo ozukileyo, efana lomdlalo, kudlalwa out eqongeni isigcawu ubomi. Bezisebenza kulo asebenze nabantu ngokwabo, yaye isithixo ukuzilawula. Oothixo abazange ukude kakhulu ebantwini. Ziyakhunjuzwa bavela, imikhwa, iimpawu, imikhwa. Ngenxa yokuba amaGrike wamandulo umngeni ukuba bangamthobeli nicule! Le nkululeko asinakufumana kwezinye iicawa thina.
kela waphezulu
Yokuqala oothixo zamandulo zamaGrike, ingakumbi uthixo eHadesi, anxulunyaniswa iinkonzo eziqhelekileyo yaseYurophu Indo-eyayikho ngaloo mihla. Abaphandi baye bafumana ifana phakathi Indiya, umzekelo, kunye nabemi Hellenic yezulu. Xa iintsomi kunye nonqulo baqalisa ukuba sifake yonke ngokusondeleyo iingqondo zabantu, oothixo yamaGrike izaliswe "nabaqeshi" ezintsha. Bona baba ngamagorha yeentsomi namabali. Ngoko ke, lo cosmogony zobuhedeni abangekaphuhli anamathele kamva yenkolo ixesha. Kwaye ke Olympus kakhulu, nto leyo siyazi misebenzi yobugcisa, kunye nabo bonke abemi balo kwamiswa hayi kwangoko.
kwisizukulwana oothixo
Xa oothixo bamandulo oothixo ukwahlula phakathi kwizizukulwana omdala omncinane. Owayesakuba ibhekisela YomonakaloName - isithokothoko kunye saa, nto leyo ke wazalwa abanye. Out of isiphithiphithi Wabumba umhlaba - kokufa komzimba waso waphezulu amaGrike ebizwa Gala. isithixokazi ebusuku - akukho namnye - bembonakalo yayo sandulele ukutshintsha ixesha losuku. Belusizi eTartaro waba isimntwiso yegama elithi "inzonzobila". Kamva, ukusuka isidalwa wasentsomini, uya kuba isithuba yobumnyama ongapheliyo, nto leyo ilawulwa yi uthixo eHadesi. Wazalwa ngaphandle isiphithiphithi Eros - lwalo lothando. Isizukulwana yesibini yamaGrike amagunya awongamileyo ingqalelo oonyana Gala kunye Kronos titanium. Bona Uranus - umphathi zezulu, ezikwelasePonto - umninindlu zonke lwangaphakathi kweelwandle, uthixo Hadesi - umnini kwelabafileyo, noZeyus, Poseidon, Hypnos kunye nezinye Olympians. Ngamnye kubo ngokwabo "enkulu nempembelelo" yaso, ulwalamano olukhethekileyo kunye nabanye kunye nabantu.
amagama yothixo
UThixo ubole kwezinye amagama. AmaGrike ebizwa njengokuba kwelabafileyo, kwaye kwiintsomi yamaRoma waziwa ngokuba iPluto - esikhulu, iziqhwala, omnyama, eyoyikekayo, eloyikekayo. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, Polidegmon (ukusuka "ninzi" - eninzi, "degmon" - ndlu), oko kukuthi, "abaninzi abafundi", "ukufumana okuninzi" ... Yintoni na ukuthini ubudala? Kuphela into yokuba eHadesi uthixo yamaGrike wakhokela ubukumkani kwabafileyo. In "sithili 'yakhe yonke imiphefumlo abemkileyo eli hlabathi. Yiyo ke loo nto umbona ibamba "abaninzi", yaye kwiimeko ezinqabileyo apho umntu aye umva. A definition of "kakhulu uthatha, umamkeli izipho" linxulunyaniswa intsomi: wonke umphefumlo phambi kokuba nokufudukela kwikhaya labo elitsha, ukuba ndothulele umnqwazi yenethiwekhi Charon. Kwakhona olawula uthixo Greek eHadesi. Ngoko ke, ezo ngqekembe ezinika umphefumlo ukunqumla Styx, uye kungena zengcebo umlawuli zobukumkani kwabafileyo. Ngokuba, ngasendleleni, kwaye yayiqhelekile Greece yamandulo: ungamngcwabi abafileyo with "ngeminikelo".
Hayidesi ubole
Kutheni Hadesi - uthixo kwabafileyo? Njani na ukuba yasezulwini wakhetha yokuhlala obukhulu kangaka? UCronus, esoyika ukhuphiswano, watya abantwana bakhe. Ngokutsho kweminye imithombo, bebonke isiphelo sinye ezehlela Aida. Ngokutsho kwabanye abaphengululi lidala, abazali ukutshabhisa wancama umntwana wabo enzonzobileni eTartaro. Xa Akreqa ke ngoothixo abangaphantsi ngokuchasene lenkulu, kwabakho umzabalazo yabakungcangcazelisayo ibe phakathi kwabo. Kangangamawaka eminyaka kokulwa, kodwa nguZeyus, Poseidon kunye nabanye oonyana Kronos waphumelela uloyiso elide ilindelwe. Emva koko ke bakhululwa amabanjwa, wabhukuqa uyise wakhe, wambeka, Titans kunye Cyclopes kwindawo amabanjwa yakutshanje, yaye ihlabathi liphela yohlulwe "amacandelo yempembelelo". ngenxa kaZeyus - Nkosi yezulu onke amandla aphezulu, Hadesi - uthixo kwelabafileyo, ebizwa kwakhona. Poseidon ukuba esandleni zonke izinto yamanzi. Abazalwana bagqiba ukulawula kunye, ngaphandle impixano ngaphandle kokuzenzakalisa omnye komnye.
kombuso kwabafileyo
Yintoni imele ummandla lwabafileyo, nelawulwa yi uthixo yamandulo yesiGrike yeHadesi? Xa umntu ukuba kuthi ndlela-ntle ebomini, uthunyelwa kwi nguHermes - isithunywa iimbadada zithunywa zimaphiko. Yena ihamba umphefumlo ukuya kunxweme umda komlambo Styx, leyo esahlula ihlabathi amadoda avela kwihlabathi izithunzi, kwaye adlulisele kuye ukuba Charon - lo ferryman, ukuze babanikele amaxhoba abo ukuya kwelabafileyo. Assistant Charon - Cerberus, inja, ndiyingwenya na iintloko ezintathu ndyoka endaweni inekhola. Eyibona ukuba akukho mntu usele hlambi yaye abazange babuyele emhlabeni. Udandathekile, iindawo ezisemaphandleni ka Aida kukho eTartaro, apho nomnyango iingcango zesinyithi ezivaliweyo. Ngokubanzi, kwi "ebukumkanini emnyama elabafileyo" akwenzeki ray kwelanga. Kukho ukudangala, ingqele, ulilolo. Imiphefumlo ibhadule kwabafileyo ngalo kuyo, ngokuzalisa le isithuba kunye isijwili elikhulu, belila, nokuncwina. Ukubandezeleka bephela okubi iintlanganiso kunye iziporho kanye izilo ulalelwe ebumnyameni. Ngenxa enokuba kubhaliwe sithiywe kangaka kuloo ndawo buhlungu abantu!
imfanelo yamandla
Zeziphi imiqondiso olwahlula na uthixo eHadesi? Uhlala phakathi iholo enkulu ibhotwe etroneni obutofotofo ngegolide ecocekileyo. Kufutshane lo umfazi - soloko buhlungu, ezintle Persephone. Ngokutsho legend, itrone wenze nguHermes - uthixo blacksmithing, umxhasi zobugcisa, wengcibi. Akuyo ubole nomsindo nokufutha uErin - thixokazi yokuziphindezela, yentuthumbo ngokufihlakeleyo nokubandezeleka. Akukho namnye ukufihla kubo, nabani na ngokulula kutshiswa ukuba ekufeni! Ekubeni kwelabafileyo - uthixo lemimoya (ifoto kunye nemifanekiso yamandulo ubona kweli nqaku) abafileyo, yena udla uvezwa intloko ngasemva. Le nxalenye ngabapeyinti kunye abakroli wagxininisa ukuba akukho mntu khangela nabani na emehlweni, kuba oothixo engenanto, ufile. Enye imfanelo ebalulekileyo kwelabafileyo - ntloko magic. Lenza oyisebenzisayo walo ongabonakaliyo. isikrweqe Wonderful wanika uthixo cyclops, xa wandisindisa ukusuka eTartaro. akazange likaThixo livela ngaphandle isixhobo sakhe-onamandla onke - neefolokhwe bidentate. intonga yakhe ayevathiswe oyintsobi yalowo inja-headed ezintathu. UThixo lihamba ngenqwelo, leyo asebenzise abamnyama kuphela njengoko ebusuku, amahashe. Ilungu yothixo lwabafileyo, Kakade ke, umhlaba, uthuthu, ukuthatha umzimba womntu emathunjini ayo. Intyatyambo okukhombisa Aida - amahle zasendle. AmaGrike amandulo bamzisa umbingelelo zeenkomo abamnyama.
ukulandelwa
Kodwa emva kwisuti esoyikekayo Aida. Ngaphandle Erin kufuphi kuye kusoloko ezinzima, umgwebi ukunyemba, ogama lakhe Radamanf kunye uMinos. Ukubhubha zagungqa kwangaphambili, kuba bayazi ukuba ngamnye inqwanqwa yazo yokungekho sikweni, zonke izono iya kuthathelwa ingqalelo ongenakonakala Aida enkundleni, yaye akukho imithandazo asiyi kusindiswa kuyo isohlwayo. amaphiko Huge omnyama, ezifana nezo aqubude semvelo uzinikele, umbala ingubo efanayo kunye ikrele elibukhali - ngoko Kubonakala ngathi mmi enye ngaphezulu kwelabafileyo - Thanatos, uthixo ukufa. It iziqa off bakhe ubomi gun wentambo nomlimi elula, nomkhonzi namandla, yaye ukumkani oligorha, umnini yobuncwane abaninzi. Ngaphambi kokufa bonke bayalingana - le intsingiselo zeentanda-bulumko lo mfanekiso ngentsomi. Hypnos, uthixo kwephupha enzonzobila, inkwenkwe entle, kufutshane kakhulu. Yena - unewele of Thanatos, ngoko uthumela amaphupha ngamanye amaxesha enzima, nzulu, malunga apho bathi "ifana ukufa." Kakade ke, uthixokazi Hecate, igama ekuyeyona Zididizele abantu.
Yeentsomi namabali
Njengazo naziphi na oothixo, Hadesi uthixo ezinxulumene amabali amaninzi kunye iintsomi. Eyona idumileyo - of Persephone, intombi kaZeyus, kunye isithixokazi umhlaba kunye wenzala - Demeter. ibali ezintle kakhulu Orpheus kunye Eurydice. intsomi Okubuhlungu malunga intombazana egama Mint, apho ngelishwa abaye ezifana Aida, nto leyo ebangela ukuba uhlaselo umsindo nekhwele e Persephone. Ngenxa yoko, nathi kusela tea kunye nengca evumba limnandi, leyo, enyanisweni, intombi waza wajika uthixokazi! Ewe, kule zetyeleba kanye egadini. Okunye sikhumbula yindlela ethandwayo yabasebenzi Sisyphean, nto leyo inxulumene ngqo kwelabafileyo.