Amagilebhisi: isicwangciso sokutyala entwasahlobo

Namhlanje amagilebhisi ayaziwa kuwo wonke umhlaba, ayanconywa ngamajikijolo amnandi kunye anempilo, ngenxa yewayini ezimangalisayo abaphambili abazenzayo. Ukuhlakulela kwaqala kwiYiputa yaseMelika naseMesopotamiya kwi-5-6 ye-Millennium BC, kodwa yabonakala kwangaphambili ngaphambi kokuba le ndoda.

Kuze kube yimhla, kukho iindidi eziyi-8000 zamagilebhisi, eziyiminyaka eyi-10 000 yokulima eziye zaphuhliswa kwiintlobo zayo eziphambili - i-American, i-East Asia ne-Eurasia. Ngokuqhelekileyo izityalo zasehlobo zitshala iintlobo zabo kwiindawo zabo okanye zenze iinqaba ezihle zediliya kwiiyadi zazo.

Ukukhetha indawo yokuhlala

Uninzi lwabahlali behlobo baphupha ukuba banezidiliya ezinomsoco kwaye ziphilileyo kwiqonga. Iskimu sokutshala kwesi sihlahla siqala kwindawo echanekileyo. Inqunywe yiimeko zemozulu kunye nendawo yesayithi:

• Ukuba ihlobo livulekile kwaye akukho nto yokunisela rhoqo, ke isidiliya sinokufumaneka kwindawo yokufutshane yamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba.
• Xa ihlobo lipholile, iidiliya kufuneka zilwe ukushisa, ngoko ukuze uyisindise ungatshala imithi malunga neentsika eziza kubamba.
• Isicwangciso sokutsalwa kwamagilebhisi kwisimo sezulu esishushu sidinga ubukho bemvelo okanye ubuninzi beentlambo zokuphucula umoya. Iibhokhwe kufuneka zityalwe kuwo, ukwenzela ukuba ama-downlides afumaneke ngexesha lokutyilisa awanakuchukumisi.
• Ngokuqhelekileyo abalimi banqwenela ukutyala amagilebhisi kufuphi nendlu. Iskimu sokumisela kulo mzekelo sinokuthatha umgama omncinci ukusuka kwisakhiwo semitha engama-2. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa isiseko ukususela kwimbonakalo yentluko.

Kubalulekile kwixesha elizayo lokuvunwa kukulungiselela umhlaba ngaphambi kokutyala iidiliya.

Ukulungiselela umhlaba

Isicwangciso sokutyalwa kwamagilebhisi entwasahlobo siquka ukulungiswa kwezimbobo zokutyala. Ngalesi sityalo, inhlabathi e-loamy kunye ne-sandy loam zifanelekile, kodwa ezinye iintlobo zomhlaba zinokulungiswa. Ukuze i-chernozem, umzekelo, kwanele ukongeza isanti kunye nezichumisi, kwaye ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwezimbewu kuqinisekiswa.

Ukulungiswa kweemingxuma kufuneka kuqhutywe ngekwindla, okanye kwiiveki ezi-3 ukuya ku-6 ngaphambi kokutshala izityalo. Ngethuba eli xesha umgodi uya kuhlala, kwaye izichumisi ezifakwe kuwo ziya kufakwa ngumhlaba kwaye zihanjiswe kunye nayo.

Ukumba ngokufanelekileyo imbobo, njengoko kuboniswe yinkqubo yokutshala iidiliya (ifoto engezantsi), kufuneka ibe neerameters 60x60x60 cm okanye ngaphezulu. Xa umba umgodi, umgca ocebileyo womhlaba kufuneka ubekwe eceleni ukuze uqule. Ukwenza oku nje, ukuxuba umhlaba kunye ne-humus ne-ash ash. Uluhlu olungaphantsi luxutywe ngamatye aqingqiweyo kunye nesihlabathi kwaye lubekwe phantsi kwegodini ngo-20-25 cm. Uluhlu olulandelayo luxube oluchumayo olunomhlaza olunezinye i-20-25 cm. Emva koko, lungiselela izinto zokulima.

Ukulungiselela izityalo kunye nokusika

Inkqubo yokutyala iidiliya iquka iindlela ezimbini - ukusika okanye izithombo.

Ukutshala i-cuttings inezobuchwepheshe:

• Izivini zeChubuk zifanele zinyulwe. Ngenxa yale njongo, inxalenye engezantsi inqunywe kwiso elisezantsi kunomkhwa obukhali, kwaye i-2-3 cm yemivini ngasentla iliso isele phezulu.
• Isiqalo kufuneka sizaliswe ngomswakama, apho kufakwa emanzini acocekileyo iintsuku ezimbini.
• Emva kokuba i-chibouk igcwele ngamanzi, inxalenye yayo ephezulu kufuneka ifakwe efasifini encibilikiweyo, kwaye ifake inxalenye engezantsi kwi-stimulant ekhulayo eyenziwe kwi-1 ithispoon yobusi kwi-1 ilitha yamanzi. Ukumelana nokucoca kwisisombululo kwiiyure ezingama-24.

Emva koko, i-chibouk inokutsalwa kwindawo yokulungela ukulungiswa. Ukucoca ngokukhawuleza kuhlume, unokwenza umsebenzi wokulungiselela ngoFebruwari, uzibeke kwiikomityi zeplastiki okanye iibhotile. Emva kokuqhuba imisebenzi yokuqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kwindawo evulekileyo ayiyi kuba yingxaki yokutshala iidiliya. Isicwangciso sokutyala siqala ngokulungiselela isitya:

• Ibhotile kufuneka inqunywe intamo kwaye yenza imingxuma ephantsi.
• Ngaphantsi kwelamanzi, kwaye phezulu kwayo 7-8. Iipuni zomxube womhlaba.
• Gcina kwibhotile uze ufefe nge-sawdust.
• Balekela ikhava ngeglasi yeplastiki kwaye ubeke efestile kwinqaba elangeni, evula iliso le-cut cut from window.
• Iibhotile kufuneka zifakwe kwisitya kwaye zityilise, zityhala amanzi kuwo ngo-0.5 cm.

Iilazi ezivela kwiibhotile akudingeki zisuswe zize zitshintshwe amahlumela. Urhulumente weqondo lokushisa, okufunekayo ekukhuleni isithombo, ngu -2020 ... +25 degrees. Ngaloo ndlela, ngexesha lokufika kwindawo evulekile, i-chibouks iya kunika iingcambu ezinamandla, kwaye iidiliya ziyakhula ngokukhawuleza.

Ukutyala kwamagilebhisi ngeesithombo

Isicwangciso sokutyalwa kwamagilebhisi izityalo zilula kakhulu. Emva kokuba imikhomo yokutyala ilungisiwe, izityalo kufuneka zihlanjwe, zishiye kuphela i-10-15 cm ubude. Ngethuba lokutyala kubalulekile ukusabalalisa ngokusemgangathweni ngaphantsi komgodi kumgama wama-35-45 cm ukusuka phezulu.

Umdiliya kufuneka ugxininiswe ekuphuculeni phambili. Oku kuya kunceda ukufudumala amahlathi amancinci ebusika, ukuwagubungela phantsi.

Iinjongo zizaliswe ngomxube olungele ukulungiswa komhlaba kwaye unanisela ngamanzi afudumele. Ngokuqhelekileyo 2-3 iibhakethi zaneleyo, emva koko umhlaba udibaniswe u-5 cm kunye ne-peat okanye utyani otyotywe kunye nengca.

Ukuba iqhwa liyakwenzeka emhlabeni, izityalo kufuneka zikhuselwe ebusuku ngeekhetshi zekhadibhodi okanye ifilimu kude kube namandla.

Ukunakekelwa kwamagilebhisi emva kokutyala

Ngaba ufuna ukukhula kwamagilebhisi amnandi? Isicwangciso sokutyalwa asipheli ngokutshintshela izithombo kwiindawo ezivulekileyo. Kubalulekile ukunyamekela amaqhekeza amancinci:

• Amagilebhisi abathanda umhlabathi ovulekileyo ngomoya ococekileyo, ngoko ke ukukhulula umhlaba kubalulekile.
• Ukunisela kufuneka kwenziwe kuphela phantsi kweengcambu, ukwenzela ukuba ukungabikho kwengxowa kungabikho. Kwiiveki ezimbini zokuqala emva kokutyala, isityalo sisidinga ukunisela. Kungenxa yokuba kufuneka ahambisane nommandla omtsha. Amanzi afanele abe rhoqo kwaye aninzi, ngakumbi xa kushushu.
• Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba izityalo ezincinci azifihliweyo, kuba zifuna ukukhanya kwelanga kakhulu ekukhuleni okukhawulezayo.
• Amagqabi amancinci afuna ukuchumisa okongezelelweyo, okungaveliswa yi-carbamide. Ukupomfa kokuqala kwenziwa ngokukhawuleza njengoko amaqabunga efomayo, elandelayo-kwiiveki ezi-2, xa kukhula ukukhula okukhulu komdiliya. Ishedyuli yokuqhutyelwa phambili: nganye iintsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kuphakathi kukaSeptemba.

Ukwenza ezi zenzo ezilula rhoqo, kwiminyaka emi-2 unokufumana iindawo eziqinileyo ezinempilo kunye neyesithathu ukuqokelela isivuno esiqinileyo.

Thintelo

Loo maqabunga amancinci asakhulayo ngokugcwele, kufuneka akhuselwe kwiintsholongwane nezifo, ngakumbi kwi-mildew. Iifesi ezincinci kufuneka zifefeke entwasahlobo ngesisombululo se- sulfate ngesibalo kwi-100 g nganye nge-10 ilitha amanzi.

Ehlobo, ukutshiza kuqhutyelwa isisombululo (25 g ngalinye nge-10 l amanzi) yeesityeki zokukhusela kwaye emva kwemvula nganye. Lo mqathango wokukhusela uya kukhusela izityalo kwiindawo ezibola kunye nezifo ezifayo.