Akhazimlayo clavatum: ebomini umjikelo, isakhiwo nokukotshwa

Akhazimlayo clavatum (Lat. Akhazimlayo clavatum) ifumaneka wepayini kunye namahlathi exutyiweyo. Thin amahlumelo evergreen herbaceous jize spikes ashinyeneyo. Kodwa asiyiyo loo yokudubula, ngokuba moss - izityalo aphezulu ibihlungu yaye esezansi. Veliswa nomjikelo ninobomi iimpawu ezizodwa ezinxulumene imvelaphi yamandulo qela. Kuye eziliqela iimpawu kunye nolwakhiwo akhazimlayo clavatum.

ezimbiwa ophilayo

Xa ixesha Paleozoic zamahlathi horsetails treelike, ubulembu club kunye yefeni layigubungela babeziindleko ezinkulu kulo mhlaba. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, la maqela zezinto eziphilileyo zize zityalwe ezifuna amanzi ngohlobo idriphu-elulwelo, sasesiwuyeka izityalo bhetyebhetye ngakumbi - gymnosperms nezidubula. Not sisinde kule kumzabalazo ukuphila umthi ubulembu club - lepidodendrons kunye sigillaria, ifikelela ukuphakama kuyimitha 40, kodwa bona baye kwavula beentanda yamalahle enamandla kwezinye iingingqi zehlabathi .. izityalo Modern lentsapho Lycopodiaceae ayaba ukubonakala kukho utyani carboxylic oluchumileyo, kodwa ilifa indlela yokuzala kunye nomjikelo nophuhliso wooyise yamandulo.

Kutheni lento kufuneka utyale ebizwa ngokuba 'moss'?

Ukusuka kwindawo yokuqala kuthinjwe omnye izigaba kumjikelo wobomi akhazimlayo - prothallia - uqale ukukhula ezinambuzaneni aluhlaza iziqu. Kwi lokubiyela, besebancinci, akukho iindlebe ibihlungu-sisenziwa, kwaye umsesane kumbindi - waphila lakhe. Kubonakala ukuba akhazimlayo clavatum ehamba ehlathini. Oku kungenxa imeko rhoqo ngobhobhozo kunye nokukhula amahlumelo amatsha. Uphawu kudala waqaphela, nezizwe Slavic wanika "ezidadayo" Igama izityalo "moss" (entlabathini). imvelaphi Okubangel 'umdla kukuba igama lesiLatini le moss uhlobo. It linxulunyaniswa igama isiJamani "paw ingcuka kaThixo." Ngoko Ngemihla yakudala ukuba kwathiwa moss eJamani. Kwinkulungwane XVI ilizwi yaguqulelwa Latin, yaba sisiphumo Licopodium. Abantu ezahlukeneyo egameni moss "akhazimlayo", "wolfberry".

iimpawu moss

izityalo Original kunye yamandulo kakhulu afumaneka kummandla wehlathi of nezi ndawo Southern i Iziqingatha. Intonga akhazimlayo, apho clavatum akhazimlayo, eyayikho emahlathini ye Paleozoic iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-350 eyadlulayo. Imiqondiso abaninzi zibonisa ukuba eli qela kancane. Kodwa isakhiwo moss unalo iimpawu zentlangano ephakamileyo kuthelekiswa moss. Ngaba ukumazi kubo umzekelo wamanzi akhazimlayo clavatum.

Iimpawu zokuqala:

• eyayizalwa dichotomous;
• siba Phyllotaxy.

Iimpawu izityalo ophakamileyo akhazimlayo:

• inyama ngokwahlukeneyo;
• herbaceous eluhlaza akubangelwa;
• iingcambu real.

Eyona uphawu - mikrofiliya ezinxulumene ngemvelaphi amagqabi ukusuka kumphezulu outgrowths esiqwini.

Isakhiwo akhazimlayo clavatum

Zonke angehli (isigaba maqanda) Kubonakala ukungazichazi anoboya kwisethi amagqabi ezincinane. Zinelungelo yomgama-lanceolate, isiphelo ngalinye lunwele lumhlophe krobo kakhulu. Akhazimlayo clavatum uye eside kwaye mncane a Nezilwanyana iziqu. Olu hlobo umtya ophilileyo ayafika ubude ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-4 m. Sisuka iimbaleki kwicala ukwenyuka (50 cm) kuyo. Taproot, kukho ezikhaphayo kuphela ukuba isityalo iqhotyoshelwe apha emhlabeni. imilenze omde obhityileyo kunye amagqabi inqabe ukusuka esiqwini enokukhokelela ekubeni ukuqina encotsheni yokuphuma. Oku spikes echumileyo ukanti imilo zezindlu, ndisolulela ubude ka-4 cm. Ngokuqhelekileyo ziqokelelwe ngamaqela amabini anqabe amathathu okanye amane. Le sinuses ezikhona sporolistikov ama. Nganye kwezi pouches ezincinane ezaliswe sikuyo.

Ubume gametophyte

Akhazimlayo clavatum Imbewu zibangela ukuba kubuzwe lo gametophyte, okanye prothallia. Ubume be-akhazimlayo clavatum ngeli nqanaba ayithethi ivele kwi isityalo ongatshiyo, njengoko owoyamaniswe ekuboneni. Sporophyte ifikelela aphindwe nje omnye ubukhulu. It zarostok - zesiganeko okwethutyana kubomi kwisityalo, kodwa kuyimfuneko kakhulu. Ukuba nembambano zimi kwiimeko ezinzima, yokuba ixesha elide awukwazi kunokubangela omzimba entsha. Ngokuzimeleyo ukufunxa izondlo gametophyte ngemikroskopu akakwazi, usebenzisa 'iinkonzo' of nomngundo lomhlaba. Ukuba iimpikiswano ngokukhawuleza phezu kwamanzi, zarostok kwawo uba umbala oluhlaza luthuthu unako photosynthesis. Le gametophyte ikhula iimeko ngokukhawuleza zivuma. Kwimfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa kwenzeka gametes ngokwesini. Ibhinqa - egg - ezinkulu ukugogeka. Madoda - ubudoda - encinane, baxhotyiswa ne misila, kwaye ngokukhawuleza. iiseli lwegciwane aqolileyo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. iiseli Amadoda ukuba amaqanda zifuna amathontsi amanzi ukuhamba. Xa intlanganisela gamete neqanda kwenzeka. Le elilodwa iqala ukuba zahlule, isishiya kwiiseli kunye nezihlunu le sporophyte elizayo.

Kwempilo akhazimlayo clavatum

Makhe umkhondo uphuhliso kwisityalo ukusuka imbambano isityalo omdala. "Akhazimlayo clavatum" Yiloo nto sidla ukubona emahlathini okanye ifoto. Le pouches, ama spikelets zasehlotyeni ukrwala izixa amakhulu imbewu efana ngumgubo ebengezelayo. Cinga isakhiwo uthuli kunokuba kuphela phantsi neemicroscope. Chemical ihlaziya ukubonisa umxholo elikhulu lezi fat yemifuno. Kuphalala impikiswano ngoJulayi nango-Agasti, ithwalelwe ngumoya emahlathini kwaye isasazeka akhazimlayo. Emhlabeni, iqhuma iqala phantsi kweemeko zivuma. Senziwe zarostok-gametophyte, ngokungathi encinane elilingana ne-yinto. Sexual ukuzala clavate akhazimlayo - eliphakathi linqanaba lomjikelo wobomi, ukuqinisekisa iyantlukwano yemfuza. Emva ukuyilwa gametes kunye isichumiso ibonakala ezincinane prothallia sporophyte. isakhiwo yayo kunokwenzeka sele ukubona isiqu obhityileyo eluhlaza kunye namagqabi. Escape odlula ekukhanyeni kunye umva - phantsi emhlabeni. Uninzi moss yezeka indlela - ngamnye isabhokhwe ukuba iingcambu zawo, bakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwisityalo unina.

ngokoqobo akhazimlayo

Xa izicelo zonyango kusetyenziswa isityalo imbewu, eyaziwa ngokuba akhazimlayo. Okubhalwe ekrwada abayiqokeleleyo endle, ngenxa yokulungiselela powder usana kunye anti-bedsore. Akhazimlayo iqulethe:

• ioli;
• protein;
• polysaccharides;
• sitosterol;
• phenolcarboxylic acid;
• nezithako.

abaphilisi Folk baqonde inxeba ephilisa amandla akhazimlayo, kuyanconywa ukutsha, frostbite. Umfuno iye iipropati anti-ukudumba kwaye isetyenziselwa izifo ngokwamalungu kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Ifom engaphandle amayeza ukusuka imbewu akhazimlayo uncedo nangokhwekhwe, ngamathumba, herpes. Yonyango ngamachiza, akhazimlayo kufuneka kwenziwa kwi iingcebiso kunye phantsi kweliso gqirha.

okufunwa kokusingqongileyo

Olubangelwa akhazimlayo ngcembe "basasaze" kwi inxalenye ekuntshuleni sokuqala yembambano. Amandla nokudaleka kwisityalo livela kwi kunyaka 15-30-th zobomi. Zarostok ofela silungelelanise ukuyilwa kumagqabi kunye neengcambu. clavate Avilable akhazimlayo kunye nokuzala yayo egqitywe indawo yezityalo lonikezelo. Ukungafuni ukuba umhlaba, kufuneka amathontsi amanzi ukuchumisa kwinqanaba ngokwesini. Iimeko ezinjalo moss ezifumaneka kwimimandla emininzi kunye namazwe, kubandakanywa eRashiya, Belarus, Ukraine. Isityalo ifumaneka ikakhulu kumhlaba oyintlabathi emahlathini pine ekukhanyeni. Ubuncinane - in mixed kunye ezinamagqabi avuthulukayo. Kwinkulungwane edluleyo kwesiqingatha senani akhazimlayo iye yehla kakhulu. Enye ingxaki kut- kuluhlu lu dityanisiwe ukuyilwa kade kweendlebe ibihlungu-bokwakha. Emahlathini kumagqabi kwezityalo inokufumaneka rhoqo ngaphezu okuzala. Ukongeza, ayisoloko imi iimeko elifanelekileyo ibihlungu ekuntshuleni. Bayakwazi bafe ngenxa emzimbeni okanye iminyaka musa kunokubangela gametophyte. Le yinxalenye kuphela imiba yokusingqongileyo ezinxulumene izityalo omdala Earth. Mhlawumbi phinda ziyahlelwa abamelwane kule emhlabeni emva Paleozoic - lepidodendrons kunye sigillaria.

Kwamahlathi, inguqu-mhlaba zezolimo kwi nefuthe elibi ngesondo kunye maqanda yokuzala clavate akhazimlayo. Wazithwala phandle ukhuseleko yayo kwiqela US ithi apho isityalo uthathwa ezinqabileyo adinga ukhuseleko.