Iindlela zokuvakalisa ezobugcisa: imizekelo kule ncwadi

Full, eliphambili, ecikizekileyo eqaqambileyo kuncono lidlulisela iingcinga, iimvakalelo kunye nokuvavanya le meko. Ngoko ke impumelelo zonke iinzame zenu, yakhiwe ngokunjalo kuba sisixhobo echanileyo kakhulu bokucenga. Apha ngokufutshane ebekwe oko kuthetha zokuvakalisa ezobugcisa umntu kufuneka kufikelelwe isiphumo esifunwayo kwi ihlabathi yonke imihla, yaye yintoni - makasizalise yokugcina yokuthetha oludlulisa kule ncwadi.

ulwimi imizwa Special

ifomu yomlomo, uyakwazi ukutsala ingqalelo kumphulaphuli okanye kumfundi, ukuba wenze oko endingasokuze ngu ubutsha, ukohluka, sikhethekileyo, kunye ukunxaxha yesiqhelo ngemihla - amazwi olumnandi.

Apha kusebenza kakuhle, nayiphi na indlela zokuvakalisa ezobugcisa kwiincwadi, umzekelo, baziwa zvukopis isikweko, ubaxo, isimntwiso, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Kufuneka sifunde ubuchule ezizodwa kunye neendlela zidityaniswe, njengoko izandi ngamazwi collocations.

ngendima enkulu edlalwa yi isigama, phraseology, igrama kunye neempawu phonetic. Zonke iindlela zokuvakalisa ezobugcisa kwiincwadi isebenza kuwo onke amanqanaba obugcisa.

izandi zamazwi

Apha into engundoqo - zvukopis, okhethekileyo ubuchule nobugcisa, ngokusekelwe ekudalweni imifanekiso umsindo kophindo yesandi. Unga nokuba akwazi i-ndikhulile izandi - le ntsholo, umlozi, ingxolo, imvula, njalo-njalo, ukuze zenze unxulumano kunye iimvakalelo neengcinga ukuba kufuneka utsalele kumphulaphuli okanye kumfundi. Le yeyona njongo ephambili ekufuneka ziphunyezwe yi iindlela zokuvakalisa ezobugcisa. Imizekelo isifanadumo iqulethe ezininzi lemfundo lyrics: apha kuhle kakhulu Balmont "Wasezinzulwini zobusuku maxa wambi ...".

Phantse zonke iimbongi ye-Silver Age zvukopisi kusetyenziswa. Beautiful imigca washiya Lermontov, Pushkin, Boratynsky. Le Symbolists bafunda singabiza ezikhalayo, izinto ezibonwayo nkqu ukuqgiba, gustatory, izimvo selungu lokuva ukususa ukuyila umfundi ukuba iimvakalelo ezithile kunye neemvakalelo.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili, angayityhileli kakhulu ngokupheleleyo zvukopisnye iindlela zokuvakalisa ezobugcisa. Imizekelo Blok and Andrei Bely, badla zisetyenziswa kuphela zikhamiso - Uphindaphindo izikhamiso efanayo okanye afana. Uhlobo lwesibini - i imfano-zandi, elithanda yafunyanwa kakade Pushkin kunye Tiutchev, - ukuphindaphindwa consonants - ezifanayo okanye efanayo.

Isigama kunye phraseology

Eyona ndlela iphambili zokuvakalisa ezobugcisa kwiincwadi - ezidla ngokubonisa imizwa zichaza imeko okanye into, esebenzisa amagama ingqiqo yabo yokomfuziselo. Eyona eziphambili ze tropes: uthelekiso, walithiywa, isimntwiso, isikweko, tiga, synecdoche, periphrasis, ubaxo kunye litotes, isigqebelo.

Ngaphandle tropes, kukho indlela elula ngempumelelo zokuvakalisa ezobugcisa. imizekelo:

• izichasi, izithetha-ntonye, Izikweko, ipharonimi;
• amaqhalo;
• isigama, waziqaba stylistically, kunye nesigama, usebenzisa ambalwa.

Le yinto yokugqibela kuquka slang kunye nejagoni, yaye isigama, ayamkelwa kuluntu endilisekileyo. Izichasi ke ngamanye amaxesha inesiphumo ngaphezu naziphi epithets: Yintoni ezihlambulukileyo! - umntwana, ukudada echibini. Ubulumko izifanokuthi kunye nokwandisa ukuchana intetho. Iqhalo uyakholiswa nesibakala sokuba umamkeli uva abaziqhelileyo ngokukhawuleza iya kumfowunelwa. La iilwimi akukho ndlela ngqo zokuvakalisa ezobugcisa. Imizekelo kunokuba non-ezizodwa, ubulungeleyo isenzo esithile, okanye itekisi, kodwa unako kakhulu ukongeza njengokukhazimla umfanekiso ifuthe umamkeli. Beauty and liveliness yokuthetha zixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kuhlobo izixhobo lokudala ibinzana zobugcisa ezisetyenziswa kuyo.

Kwaye walithiywa ukufanisa

Walithiywa - isicelo okanye ukongeza in Greek. Marks inkalo kubalulekile ebalulekileyo kule meko besebenzisa inkcazelo njengeqanda, ngokusekelwe uthelekiso afihlakeleyo. Kaninzi oku isichazi: abamnyama ukudangala kusasa sedoe, njalo njalo, kodwa abe walithiywa lesibizo, isandiso, ixesha ebelidlula, isimelabizo, kunye nayiphi na enye inxalenye yokuthetha. Uyakwazi ukwahlula epithets ezisetyenziswa ngolwimi olulodwa, kuzwelonke amalungelo kwimibongo ngamnye iindlela zokuvakalisa ezobugcisa. Imizekelo zontathu iintlobo: cwaka ibulalayo, indoda elungileyo oselula, ngongcwalazi olugobileyo. Zingahlukaniswa ngokwahlukileyo - yokomfuziselo novakalelo: in inkungu eluhlaza, ebusuku ngamageza. Kodwa zonke Division, Kakade ke, phantsi kweemeko kakhulu.

Thelekisa - uthelekiso isenzeko efanayo, ingqiqo okanye into kunye nenye. Hayi mazingabhidaniswa safobe apho amagama interchangeable, xa kuthelekiswa ukuba kufuneka kuchazwe zombini into, imfanelo, isenzo, njl Umzekelo: ngokuhlwa abakhanyisele ngathi Meteor. Uyakwazi bathelekise ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

• Instrumental (ukufikisa umlonji moya);
• isiphawulo lokuthelekisa okanye isihlomelo (elwandle eluhlaza eye);
• imibutho ukuba, ngokungathi, njl (Njengoko isilwanyana squeaked ucango);
• amagama ufana, njenge, njl (Amehlo akho ngathi okwenkungu ezimbini);
• amagatya zothelekiso (igolide kwamahlamvu wahlamba in ichibi, anjengomhlambi amabhabhathane eziphaphazelayo phezu inkwenkwezi).

uthelekiso ezimbi adla ngokusetyenziswa ngo abantu lwesihobe: Oko akukho ihashe ... iimbongi eziphezulu badla ukwakha umthamo enkulu kangangoko umsebenzi, usebenzise enye yindlela yokuthetha yokuluka. Kule ncwadi, lo ezakudala kubonakala, umzekelo, kule mihobe Koltsov, Tiutchev, Nowasemntla, iprozi Gogol kaThixo, Prishvina kunye nabanye abaninzi. It yayisetyenziswa lukhulu. Le yeyona ndlela bafuna-emveni zokuvakalisa ezobugcisa. Kule ncwadi, ukuba ukho kuzo zonke iindawo. Ukongeza, kufeza okubhaliweyo yenzululwazi kunye emphakathini, Owazithethayo kunye kwaolo lukhuthalo nempumelelo.

Isikweko aze axoxe

Enye ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa iindlela zokuvakalisa ezobugcisa kwiincwadi - isikweko ukuba kuthetha ngesiGrike - transfer. ILizwi okanye isigwebo lisetyenziswa ngendlela yokomfuziselo. Isiseko apha ukufana olungagungqiyo izinto, iziganeko, izenzo, njl Ngokungafaniyo uthelekiso sikweko compact ngakumbi. Kuhamba kuphela, xa uthelekisa nomnye okanye omnye. Ukufana ekunokuthi kusekelwe phezu imilo, umbala, umthamo, indawo, imvakalelo, njl (A bhuqe kweziganeko, ilangatye uthando, kulwandle oonobumba, uvimba ubuncwane isihobe). Izikweko lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe (ulwimi) eziqhelekileyo art: izandla zegolide neenkwenkwezi nekalikedo kube mnandi). Kubomi bemihla ngemihla sele nezikweko zenzululwazi: mngxuma ozone, umoya ilanga, njalo-njalo Impumelelo isithethi kunye nombhali kwisicatshulwa kuxhomekeke oko kuthetha zokuvakalisa ezobugcisa ezisetyenzisiweyo.

Uhlobo trail, ezifana safobe - lwalo, xa imiqondiso ephilayo zidluliselwa izinto, imiba okanye iziganeko zendalo: babeke enkungwini sleepy, imini ekwindla mzamo ukucima - isimntwiso ngezenzeko zendalo ukuba kwenzeka kakhulu kunene, ngaphantsi ngokufuthi obumntwisiweyo ihlabathi bezinto - ukubona Ann. "Le violin kwaye niqubude," Mayakovsky "ilifu e iibhulukhwe", Mamin-yaseSiberia with "ikhaya ubuso elungileyo-natured and lula 'yakhe ngaphezulu. Nokuba kubomi bemihla ngemihla asiyi musa bazibona nabadlali: ifowuni uthi iimpiliso, umoya, uqoqosho sele iqalile ukuya, njl Akuthandeki ukuba kukho iindlela ezingcono iindlela zokuvakalisa ezobugcisa, intetho, epeyinta ezimibalabala ngaphezu lwalo.

Neempawu synecdoche

Xa tiga Greek kuthetha ukuthiya ngokutsha, oko kukuthi, lo gama zidluliselwe ukusuka kwinto ukuphikisa, apho isiseko - contiguity. lihombise kakhulu indlela ukusetyenziswa umbalisi zokuvakalisa ezobugcisa, ingakumbi ezifana tiga. Communication kumgaqo adjacency isenokuba iya kuba yile ilandelayo:

• umxholo kunye nesiqulatho: badle iipleyiti ezintathu;
• ababhali kunye nemisebenzi: wamthethisa kaHomer;
• isenzo kunye isixhobo yayo: abasoze ninamakrele nomlilo;
• into kwaye ngokuxhomekeke impahla: on igolide kudliwe;
• indawo kunye nabadlali: isixeko ingxolo.

Metonimija ndlela igcwalisa zentetho zokuvakalisa ezobugcisa, kunye kuqhuba ecacileyo, ukuchaneka, imifanekiso, nengcaciso, akukho walithiywa conciseness. Ngokwazi ukuyisebenzisa kuyo, kwanababhali, kunye publicists, oko izaliswe Indies kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi.

Kwelinye icala, kukho uhlobo tiga - a synecdoche, in Greek - ukuhlanganisa, kakhulu, isekelwe phezu ukutshintshwa intsingiselo nesenzeko omnye phezu komnye intsingiselo, kodwa isimiso enye kuphela - ubudlelwane oluninzi phakathi nesenzeko okanye izinto. Wrap ingaba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• lilungele elikhulu (oko iimpukane iintaka, ingwe abazithethi, usele iglasi);
• yinxalenye lilonke (isilevu, ukuba cwaka? Moscow alikhange ukwayo ezivunyiweyo).

Bakubeke okanye ushwankathele

Inkcazelo okanye isigwebo elichazayo in Greek - turn, iyasetyenziswa endaweni amazwi okanye izayamaniso amagama - a ngamazwi. Ngokomzekelo, Pushkin wabhala "indalo sikaPetros", yaye wonke umntu uyazi ukuba wayebhekisela eSt Petersburg. Livumela ukuba ushwankathele kulandelayo:

• ukuchonga iimpawu eziphambili into, nto leyo imele;
• ukuphepha phindo (tautology);
• baphonononge ngokucacileyo kuboniswe;
• ufake umbhalo bokubanga sublime, bokubanga.

Ezibeka ezingavumelekanga kuphela ishishini kunye ngokusesikweni nesimbo, kodwa kungenjalo kukho inala. Kwintetho Indies badla coexists kunye isigqebelo, ukuhlanganisa ulwazi kunye ezi ndlela zimbini zokuvakalisa ezobugcisa. ulwimi Russian kuba natyetyiswa ekudibaneni tropes ezahlukeneyo.

Isibaxo and litotes

elithi zezafobe ne ubaxo ngokugqithisileyo ukuba athi okanye into iimpawu, izenzo, okanye iziganeko - oku isibaxo (lesiGrike eliguqulelwe wayezibaxa). Litotes - phezu koko, kunjalo nje siphantsi.

Thoughts iqhotyoshelwe i imilo engaqhelekanga, imibala eqaqambileyo ngokweemvakalelo, uvavanyo ukuthembeka. Ingakumbi kunceda kakuhle ukudala imifanekiso ezihlekisayo. Isetyenziswa yintatheli njengendlela ebalulekileyo zokuvakalisa ezobugcisa. Xa uncwadi ngaphandle kwezi tropes kakhulu, asikwazi ukwenza: intaka enqabileyo Gogol fly kuphela embindini Dnieper; Uqongqothwane encinane Krylov kunye eninzi enjalo phantse wonke umsebenzi nayiphi yombhali.

Indida nokubhuqa

NgesiGrike eli gama libhekisela nabohanahaniso engqinelana nokusetyenziswa umzila. Zeziphi iindlela zokuvakalisa ezobugcisa efunekayo ukuze ukugculelwa? Ingxelo kufuneka ndichasane intsingiselo eyakhelwe xa luvavanyo positive uyafihla yokucukucezwa: intloko krele - isibheno kwiesile yentsomi Krylov umzekelo. "Iqhawe yayingenakuzika" - le isigqebelo esetyenziswa kwi-sikhokelo kucholacholo lweendaba, nto leyo edla wenze iimpawu zocaphulo okanye kwizibiyeli. Izixhobo lokudala zokuvakalisa ezobugcisa akuthethi ukusebenzisa loo nto. Kuyamangalisa ngokugqithileyo - ngumsindo, unempoxo - kakhulu impoxo wayedla: umahluko phakathi ziveza wathi, kwakunye sesichengeni ngabom ibeke. Ukungabi nanceba, sekubonakala zitsolile - ngesandla sakhe: Ndidla siphikisane malunga ukungcamla oysters kunye coconuts kuphela abo babeyitya (Zhvanetskiy). Algorithm ukubhuqa i chain lweentshukumo: into embi kubekho umsindo nengqumbo, kofika indlela - iqondo yokugqibela nokuvuleleka ngokweemvakalelo: iihagu kakuhle wondla iingcuka ezoyikekayo abalambileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka usebenzise impoxo njengoko ukuqonda kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kwaye akukho rhoqo, ukuba umbhali asiyonto uHorace yobungcali. Media, ukubhuqa badla Bazibona ngcono kunabanye. Noko ke, akukho namnye uHorace abazange ukusebenza ukufumana uthando kwimveliso. Yena ukubonakala kwayo kusoloko kuxhomekeke oko kuthetha zokuvakalisa ezobugcisa angasetyenziswa ekuphononongeni kwisicatshulwa. Okubuhlungu - isixhobo esinamandla devastatingly.

iindlela Non-ekhuselekileyo lwesigama ulwimi

Nika subtlest intetho bokuqonda ngokweemvakalelo ibinzana uncedo nye. Umzekelo, unako ukusebenzisa igama elithi "uhlanga" endaweni "run" igunya enkulu ekhululekile. Kwaye kuba nayo;

• ecacisa ingcinga kunye nokudluliselwa abangasekhoyo zintle intsingiselo;
• Uvavanyo ratio umfanekiso kunye copyright;
• ukwanda kakhulu yebinzana;
• ukuvezwa enzulu mfanekiso.

Kwakhona yindlela elungileyo yokuthetha nazo ezi izichasi. Acacise ingcamango, ukudlala ngayo umahluko, ngakumbi saziwe ngokupheleleyo omnye okanye esinye ngumkhuba: iphepha ziyabuyiseleka zezikhukhula ri fiction authentic - komlanjana. Ukusuka izichasi kwenzeka ngokubanzi babefuna ukwamkeleka iileta - uchasaniso.

Ababhali abaninzi, yaye nje uqaphele-Butshone bonke abazimisele ukudlala ngamagama, coinciding ngesandi kwaye ngokubhala, kodwa abe ezinye neentsingiselo: a guy unzima pholisa amanzi abilayo kunye eweni; umgubo kunye imigubo; Amangenelo ezintathu indawo ezintathu ngenyameko. Kwaye ke bhalo: Mamela abaphathi? Oko ngenene, enkosi ... wadubula. It Izikweko, homographs, kunye oomabizwafane.

Amagama ezifanayo ngenye upelo kunye nesandi, kodwa anentsingiselo ezahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo, kakhulu, ngokufuthi zisetyenziswa yokugxininisa babe namandla ngokwaneleyo ekhululekile kunye nokusetyenziswa nje ambalwa. Imbali - fane; Crash - aphindwe, njl

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezi bengenayo eziphambili zokuvakalisa ezobugcisa, njengoko ntonye, izichasi, kunye Izikweko ipharonimi, igosa kunye nendlela ishishini azisetyenziswa.

yayiyindlela

Ngenye indlela - intetho oko kukuthi amazwi phraseology lilungile, kakhulu, wongezelela isithethi okanye umbhali obuciko. imifanekiso wentsomi, aphezulu okanye bathetha uvandlakanyo ezichazayo - (Qhotsa encinane kunye njengokhozo lweliso, entanyeni lather kunye nekrele Damocles) entle okanye embi - konke oku kuqinisa kwaye lihombise itekisi ngokucacileyo zengqikelelo. Salt of phraseology - iqela elikhethekileyo - aphorisms. iingcinga zentliziyo version imfutshane. Easy ukukhumbula. zisetyenziswa, kwakunye nezinye iindlela yokuvakalisa, kwi kwitekisi yoncwadi. Oku kubandakanye izaci nezafobe.