Yintoni ukukhanya? UkuKhanya, imithombo ukukhanya. ukukhanya kwelanga

"Wathi uThixo," Makubekho ukukhanya, "kwabakho ukukhanya." Wonke umntu uqhelene la mazwi eBhayibhileni yaye wonke umntu uyazi: ubomi akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwayo. Kodwa yintoni na ukukhanya kwindalo? Yintoni kuwo yaye yintoni na impahla? Yintoni ukukhanya ezibonakalayo nezingabonakaliyo? Ngale kunye neminye imiba kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

Ngomhla indima sokukhanya

Uninzi ulwazi kudla ziqondeke, amehlo omntu. Zonke Iintlobo ngeentlobo imibala neemilo ukuba ezendeleyo kwihlabathi eziphathekayo, phendla kuye. A sisindiswe emehlweni nga kuphela ebonisa indlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-ukukhanya ezithile ezibonakalayo. imithombo ukukhanya zendalo, ezifana ilanga okanye ngumntu, okudalwe umbane. Ngenxa coverage loo yenziwe ukuba isebenze, ungakhathazeki - ngokufutshane, ukuze baphile ubomi ngokupheleleyo naliphi na ixesha lemini.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngumba obalulekileyo enjalo ubomi ahlala iingqondo zabantu abaninzi ababehlala zaphawula ezahlukeneyo. Cinga ngoko ukukhanya engile ezahlukeneyo, oko kukuthi, ngokwembono beengcamango ezahlukeneyo aphethwe ngabaphengululi namhlanje.

Ukukhanya: Inkcazo (Physics)

Aristotle wabuza lo mbuzo, ndabona ukukhanya okuthile, leyo yasasazwa kokusingqongileyo. Enye imbono ibambelela kwintanda-bulumko eRoma yamandulo, Lucretius Carus. Wayeqinisekile ukuba yonke into ekhoyo ehlabathini wenziwe amasuntswana lincinci - atom. Ukukhanya Kwakhona unalo isakhiwo eso.

Kwinkulungwane elinesixhenxe ezi mbono zaba sisiseko iingcamango ezimbini:

• corpuscular;
• wave.

theory Corpuscular of Newton ithotyelwe. ekuqulunqeni zakhe ngoko ukukhanya imi ngolu hlobo. imizimba liqaqambileyo ihlaba amasuntswana amancinci isasazwe ecaleni imigca ukutsho oko, reyi. Baya kuwa emehlweni, ngenxa aba bantu kubona.

Enye ingcamango ezinxulumene negama Huygens. Wayekholelwa ukuba kukho imeko okhethekileyo, nto leyo awusebenzi umthetho womxhuzulane. It ikhona phakathi kweengqakumbana kaEtere ezikhanyayo. Yiloo nto ukukhanya, ngokokubona kwakhe.

Nangona iinkcazo ezahlukeneyo, namhlanje ingqalelo ilungile zombini ithiyori ifundwe. Ukukhanya iye kwakhona azitshangatshangise kunye neempawu buso.

Amaza okukhanya okubonakalayo

Ukukhanya emininzi lamaza kagesi ezifumanekayo kwimbono yamehlo. Ukuba ukhangela isikali radiation magnetic, kuye kucace ukuba ukukhanya ebonakalayo anaso isithuba mncinane gqitha kuyo. Kubonakala indoda ifumaneka yinxalenye encinane kuphela oko ukhutshiwe. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele apha ukuba lebanga iyafumaneka ukuze abantu. Oko kukuthi, mhlawumbi, ezinye zezilwanyana, umzekelo, ungabona ingafikeleleki ebantwini. Vice versa. Iliso lomntu uyakwazi ukubona ezo imibala ukuba izilwanyana ngamnye abakwazi ukubona.

reyi ngamaza

Umphengululi IsiNgesi iHerschel ngo-1800 babeka malumga yelanga. Ichibi lesigidi kwelinye icala ngokusebenzisa uthuthu lweziko zazibomvu. Kokuma zibonise ukwanda obushushu. Ngenxa yoko, wagqiba ukuba ithemometha itshiswe reyi ayibonakali ngeliso yabantu. Kamva babizwa infrared, okt ubushushu.

Le ndlela ibonisa yamaziko entle zikhula. Shushu, uqala ukushushubeza kuqala, ngaphandle kokutshintsha umbala, nalapho ke kuphela, xa zigqengezelayo bahlazeke. Ke yona, le kweleli yahluka ukusuka kuluhlu ngamaza ezingabonakaliyo yelanga.

Namhla siyazi ukuba onke amabhunga yandisa ukukhanya infrared. imithombo ukukhanya di- reyi infrared abe kwamaza elide, kodwa buthathaka engile zokunganyangeki ngaphezu ebomvu.

Ubushushu imitha ye-infrared spectrum, ukususela iimolekyuli ihamba zayo. Ukuba uphakamile lo ngesantya, kokukhona imitha, yaye le nto iba ezifudumeleyo.

eyingozi

Xa reyi infrared livulekile, UWilhelm Ritter, yesayensi waseJamani, waqalisa ukufunda icala zazo. Ombala apha yaba ngaphantsi kwe ebomvu. Yena waphawula chloride sabamnyama yesilivere Violet. Kwaye kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kunokuba kwamaza wenza bokukhanya. Kuye kwafunyanwa ukuba lo radiation kwenzeka xa electron zitshintshiwe kwi kweqokobhe zangaphandle atomic. Iglasi ekwaziyo iginya ukukhanya yelanga, ngoko iilensi zwi ezazisetyenziswa ngayo kwizifundo.

Yemisebe wendele solusu abantu kunye nezilwanyana kunye kwizihlunu zezityalo eliphezulu. iingedosi ezincinane yemisebe yelanga ezinokunceda kuchaphazela imo yempilo, ukuqinisa amajoni omzimba kunye nokwenza vitamin D. Noko ke, ngeedosi ezinkulu kunokubangela ukutsha ulusu kwaye umonakalo amehlo, kwaye inkulu kakhulu nokuba sibe nefuthe umhlaza.

Ukusetyenziswa ultraviolet

ultraviolet radiation isetyenziswa iyeza (iyakwazi ukubulala miroorganizmy eziyingozi), Langa, kunye namafoto. Xa kukufakwa kwimitha baba ezibonakalayo. Ngoko ke, enye lentsimi yayo isicelo lusebenziso kwi imveliso yezibane kwemini.

isiphelo

Kukho uluhlu kakhulu yokukhanya ebonakalayo, kuye kucace ukuba band umntu woqondo ukufunda kakubi kakhulu. Esinye isizathu sokuba le ndlela kukwandisa umdla kubantu bakaThixo yintoni amehlo akho.

Kodwa ngenxa yokuba oku kuqonda kuhlala kuphantsi. Yonke uwonke kwakugcwele radiation electromagnetic. Iya isanda, abantu babone ukuba nje kuphela, kodwa musa. Kodwa ukuba amandla spectra ezi kunyuka, zinokubangela ubuhlungu kwaye baba ezibulalayo.

Xa isifundo spectrum ongabonakaliyo kucaca, ezinye, njengoko ibizwa, izenzakalo eyimfihlakalo. Hi xikombiso, le fireballs. Kuyenzeka ukuba, ngenxa ndawo, ukuvela ngesiquphe kwaye shwaka. Enyanisweni, nje utshintsho ukusuka ezingabonakaliyo ukuya kuluhlu ezibonakalayo kunye umva.

Ukuba usebenzisa ngexesha nokufotwa wezulu ngethuba kukho isiphango iikhamera ezahlukeneyo, loo nto ngamanye amaxesha ujika walithimba Incedisa plasmoids, imbonakalo yabo umbane kunye tshintsho luza kwenzeka kwi umbane ngokwayo.

Around kuthi thina sibe ihlabathi unexplored ngokupheleleyo ukuba unalo ifomu eyahlukileyo koko baqhelile ukubona. Amazwi adume "Logama nje amehlo akho akubonile sikholwa 'ukuba ithe ayaba elide ukufaneleka kwayo. Radio, umabonwakude, unxibelelwano zeselula, kwaye ngathi kudala kubonakele ukuba xa sisenza into musa singakuboniyo, oko akuthethi ukuba ayisekho.