Ziziphi iindibano kunye ne-gerund, iimpawu zabo ezahlukileyo kunye nezihlomelo

Ukususela kwimihla yesikolo, sikhumbula izinto ezithatha inxaxheba kunye ne-gerund. Imfihlelo yale nxalenye yentetho ayinakutsholwa: umbuzo wendawo yabo kwi-morphology yesiRashiya awusombululwanga. Iinkalo eziphambili, iimpawu kunye nokungafani kuxutyushwa kwinqaku lethu.

Iifom

Ixesha lale ntetho lisaziwa. Kwikharityhulam yekharityhulam yanamhlanje, kuxhomekeke kumbhali wezakhiwo zemfundo kunye neengqinelanayo, ingcamango yezinto ezithatha inxaxheba kunye neentengiso ezithatha inxaxheba zichazwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Abanye abalobi, njengoRazumovskaya, ngokufanelekileyo babecinga ukuba ziifomu ezikhethekileyo zesenzi. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, kukho inxaxheba ye nyaniso kule nto, kuba iqela kunye ne-gerund zenziwe kwisenzi.

Nangona kunjalo, uBabaytseva, umbhali we-UMK owaziwayo, ubajonga njengeengxenye ezizimeleyo zentetho, enesicatshulwa sezinto ezicacileyo.

Zombini ezi nguqulelo zinelungelo lokuba khona, zinengqiqo kwaye nganye yazo ingatshatyalaliswa ngendlela yayo.

Le nto ingummangaliso, isiRashiya. Ukutya kunye ne-gerund ziifom ekhethekileyo ezenza intetho yethu ibe namandla kwaye ibe nemibala.

Ukuthengiswa ngeNtlanganiso

Nayiphi na inxalenye yentetho iphawulekayo ngendlela yayo. Yaye yintoni na inxaxheba kunye ne-gerunds, benzani kwisigwebo esikhethekileyo, enye enye inxalenye yentetho ayikwazi? Into ebonakalayo eyona nto ebonakalayo yindlela yokwenza imali. Oku kwenzeka xa omnye wabo enamazwi athembekileyo.

Umzekelo: Intombazana ehamba ngegadi yasehlobo, iyakubonga imo . Ukuba siqwalasela ngenyameko esi siphakamiso, siya kubona ukuba ukususela ekuthatheni "ukuhamba" ungabuza umbuzo othi "kuphi?". Impendulo ibinzana elithi "phezu kwegadi yasehlobo." Oku kuthetha ukuba sinokuguquka kokuthatha inxaxheba. Kusemandleni ngakumbi kwaye kuntle ukusetyenziswa ukujika kunokuphindaphinda igama elithi "eli" ngonaphakade.

Ungakulibali ukubeka ii-commas ukuba i- turn turn is after its word determined (nantsi "intombazana"). Kuhlalutyo lwama-syntactic kukho umbuzo: njani ukugxininisa? Nantsi into elula: sibuza umbuzo kwigama elichazwe: (intombazana) ntoni? Ilungu lesibini lesiphakamiso liyayiphendula, inkcazelo eyaziwayo sonke. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukujika konke ngelayini yomgca.

Kwimeko apho i-returnover iya phambili phambi kwegama layo, yonke into iyahluke. Akukho mfuneko yokubeka ii-commas. Umsebenzi we-syntactic wenzuzo enjalo uhlukile - nganye inxalenye yentetho kuyo igxininiswa ngokuzimela.

Ingeniso yokuthatha inxaxheba

Kuye, imeko ihluke kakhulu. Okokuqala, i-gerundive ngokwayo ayikwazi ukuqulethe nawaphi na amagama axhomekeke kuyo, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, iza kubelwa ngee-commas. Iilwimi zibiza ngokuba yedwa.

Umzekelo: Ngaphandle kokungabaza, wagijimela endlwini yokutshisa ukusindisa abantu.

Njengoko sibona, i-gerundive ifana kakhulu nencazelo kulwimi (apha iphendula umbuzo othi "njani?"). Unokuyithatha indawo yalo nxalenye yentetho: Ngokukhawuleza wagijimela endlwini etshayoyo ukusindisa abantu.

Njengoko kwimeko yomzalwana-inxaxheba, i-gerundive inokuzithoba phantsi amagama ngokwawo kwaye ngoko yenze umjikelo. Ekubeni kwisigwebo, rhoqo uqhuba indima enye, ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa yiimeko ezikude. Ngamanqaku okubhala apha awukwazi ukuhlakanipha kakhulu: ii-commas zihlala zifakwa. Kwaye awudingi ukujonga igama elikhoyo malunga nale ntlawulo.

Umzekelo: Ngaphandle kokugqiba umsebenzi wakhe wesikolo, uMisha waya kuhamba.

Ukusuka kwi-gerund "engagqibekanga" siya kubuza umbuzo othi "yintoni na?" Kwaye ufumane impendulo - "umsebenzi wesikolo". Phambi kwethu kuguqulwe i-gyre-turned turn.

Iintlanzi zezinto ezithatha inxaxheba kunye nezenzo zentetho

Ukwakhiwa kwegama ngalinye kwinxalenye yentetho ifundwa ngabafundi besikolo, ukuqala ngebanga lesihlanu. Ezinye zazo (umzekelo, isibizo kunye nesichazi) zinendlela ezininzi zokudala amagama amatsha: kungekhona kuphela isiqulatho kunye nesisombululo, kodwa ukongeza kunye nokuchithwa. Ngokuthatha inxaxheba kunye ne-gerund yonke into elula: indlela yabo eyisiseko yokwenza amagama iyisisombululo. Kungenxa yale morpheme esiyichaza kuyo kwezinye iindawo zentetho.

Ukwazi ukuba uthatha inxaxheba kunye ne-gerunds, khumbula ukuba izithintelo aziyi kuba nzima. Kufuneka ufunde imithetho embalwa elula. Ungakulibali ukuba inxaxheba ihlukaniswe yaba ngamaqela amabini amakhulu: okwenene kunye nokungenzi.

Kwizinto ezibandakanyekayo ezikhoyo ngexesha langoku, izilwanyana ziyi: yush / yusch (ukudansa, kucula), / yasch (ukumemeza, ukuhamba) .

Kwi-passive- em- (inqabileyo), -k- (inotshiswe), im (kuxhomekeke kuyo).

Xa izithatha inxaxheba kwixesha elidlulileyo, siya kubahlula ngokubhekiselele kwisibambiso.

Ngempumelelo. : -w- (uthenge), w (ukhulile).

Izwe elivela kuyo. : - m- (oqoshiwe), -e- (e-scrolled), -nn- (kulinganiswa).

Into eyona nto ukuyenza kukuba ukuchonga ngokufanelekileyo inxalenye yentetho. Emva koko izilungelelaniso zentshukumo kunye ne-gerund zilula ukukhumbula. Ngaphezu koko, ziyafana.

Kwi-gerunds, ayikho inqanaba lesigxina, ahluke ngexesha kuphela. Наст.вр.: - а (ngokukhawuleza), -y (ukuqaphela), -uku (kuba), -yuchi (pripeyavachi) . Ixesha elidlulileyo: -ku (ngokwenza) -nokuba (engazi).

Isiphelo

Izilungelelaniso zezinto ezithatha inxaxheba kunye ne-gerund zikhunjulwa ngokulula ngokwenza. Kwanele ukwenza imisebenzi emininzi kwesi sihloko ukulungisa izipelo zabo. Nangona kubonakala kunzima kwezi fom zezandi, abayi kuba nzima ngakumbi abo bafunda ngokucophelela umgaqo.