Ziziphi iimpawu? Iintlobo zeentsingiselo zegama eliqhelekileyo

Ngokuqhelekileyo onke amagama asetyenziswa kwisigama samagama anemihla ngemihla, athetha ngokuxhomekeka kumxholo. Ezinye zazo ziqhelekileyo, ezinye ziyi-encyclopedic okanye ziphelelwe yisikhathi kwaye zikhohliwe ngabantu abaninzi.

I ntsi ngiselo yeLizwi

Ukufumanisa ukuba zeziphi iimpawu, zihlala ziyimfuneko ukuba ziqwalasele imeko echazwe ngayo. Okwangoku, eli gama linxulumene nenjongo yezinto. Ngokukodwa, isichazi sikaUshakov sichaza kanje:

1. Ipositi yeposi eqinisekisa ukuhlawulwa kwemrhumo yokuthumela ileta okanye iphasela ukuya kumgama othile.
2. Iphawu lokuthengisa okanye uphawu malunga nomkhiqizo ojoliswe ekuqinisekiseni ngokukhawuleza ngumthengi kunye nokwenziwa komntu ngamnye komenzi.
3. Igama leyunithi yemali eya kumaxesha ahlukeneyo kwintsimi yaseJamani, e-Estonia naseFinland. Phakathi neMinyaka Ephakathi eYurophu, ezo zinto zibizwa ngokuba ziimali ezinzima zegolide zinobunzima obuyi-8 i-ounces.

Naluphi na ulwimi, unokufumana enye intsingiselo yegama elithi "uphawu", elinekhulu lama-XXI. Ulibalekile. Ngokomzekelo, abaphandi bomhlaba kwii-XVIII-XIX zeenkulungwane. Bambiza enye uphawu okanye uphawu lokubala indawo.

Umvelaphi kunye neempawu zezitampu zokuposa

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukugqiba ukuba zeziphi iimpawu zithetha uphawu olujoliswe ekuhlawuleni iirhafu zokuthumela. Wabonakala e-UK ngekhulu le-XIX, xa kweli lizwe bagqiba ngokugqibeleleyo ukuphelisa ukudideka kunye nenkonzo yeposi. Le ngcamango ikwaMnu. Rowland Hill, owathi ngo-1847 ubhenxise urhulumente ngesiphakamiso sokuqhuba ukulungiswa kweposi kunye nokuzisa umrhumo ofanayo wokuthunyelwa kwelizwe. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, ngoJanuwari 10, 1840, ipalamente yadlulisela umthetho ochaphazelekayo kunye neenyanga ezimbalwa emva koko i-brand yokuqala ehlabathini yaqala ukuhamba e-UK - icwecwe lephepha elimnyama elinomfanekiso weNdlovukazi yaseVictoria, eyayibizwa ngokuba yi "penny emnyama".

Emva kweminyaka eyi-10 kuphela, phantse elo lonke ilizwe linemitampu yalo yokuposa, kwaye ngo-1878 i-Universal Postal Union yasungulwa. Amazwe afanelekileyo avunyelwene kwiirhafu eziqhelekileyo kunye nokuhanjiswa kweencwadi. Ngoko, ngenxa yecandelo elincinane lamaphepha, imida phakathi kwabantu yayincinci kakhulu.

Izitampu zokuposa ziyinxalenye yenkcubeko yelizwe ngalinye. Bakhululwa kwiziganeko ezingenakubalwa okanye iziganeko eziphawulekayo, "bathengisa" indawo kunye neendwendwe, bathetha ngeenkcubeko zendabuko, banikezele umvuzo kubantu ababalaseleyo - izazinzulu, amaqhawe emfazwe, abadlali. Ekupheleni kweXIXX. Ngaba yade idalwe "ulwimi loluthando" olukhethekileyo, xa indawo yesitampu kwimvulophu ingaziwa okanye isifiso esihle.

Ngekhulu lama-XXI. Abantu banxibelelana rhoqo ngefowuni okanye kwi-intanethi. Nangona kunjalo, amagosa karhulumente aqhubeka nokuthumela iileta, kwaye inani lamaphilatelists (abaqokeleli bemveliso engavamile) landa nje.

Iimpawu zamaxabiso kunye neempawu

Ukujikeleza kwansuku zonke, igama elithi "urhwebo (uphawu)" lusetyenziswa rhoqo . Inkcazo yalo ngolu hlobo lucacisa njengento ebonakalayo yombonakalo yimuphi umveliso. Le ngcamango ibanzi kwaye ingaquka imibala yenkampani, iiposti, isitayela sombutho, iimpawu zokuthengisa kunye njalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthathwa njengento efana nesiqulatho. Nangona kunjalo, okokugqibela akuthethi naluphi na uphawu, kodwa luthandwa kuphela kwaye luthandwa ngumthengi. Umzekelo, izicathulo "Gucci" - uphawu, kunye nezicathulo ezincinci "Krapivinskaya Kalinka" - uphawu lokuthengisa.

Ukongezelela, igama ngokwalo lingasetyenziselwa ukuluhlu lwemveliso ethile - iwayini, ushizi, ushokolethi, njalo njalo. Njengomthetho, isetyenziselwa ukugxininisa iimpawu ezikhethekileyo kunye nokuphela.

Ukucacisa oko kuthethwa ngoshishino lwempawu, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba olo hlobo lunikiweyo lubhalwa kuphela. Okokuthi, isethi yamagama aqingqiweyo yomkhiqizo othile kufuneka kukhutshwe imvume ekhethekileyo-patent. Le mfuneko ifanayo kuwo onke amazwe.

Iiyunithi zemali

Kwixesha elide, ukuxelela ukuba zeziphi iimpawu, abantu babethetha iinqununu zemali zamanye amazwe. Ngokukodwa, kwintsimi yaseJamani, eyayiyingxenye yoBukumkani Oyingcwele baseRoma kuma-Middle Ages, ixabiso elikhulu legolide-i-brand-yahamba ixesha elide. Ngowe-1870, ngexesha lokuhlaziywa kwezemali, laqaliswa njengemali yesizwe esisodwa. Ngekhulu lama-XX. Ikhredithi yakhutshwe ngendlela yeebhanki kunye neengxowa-mali. Emva kweMfazwe yeSizwe yeBili, ilizwe lahlula iindawo ezi-2 (iJamani ne-GDR), kodwa igama alizange litshintshe. Ukusuka kwimarike yemali, iimveliso zaseJamani zashiya ngo-2002, zinika i-euro.

Ngokufanayo, iiyunithi zemali zabizwa ngokuba yiFinland (ngaphambi ko-2002), e-Estonia (ukusuka ngo-1918 ukuya ku-1928) naseBosnia naseHerzegovina.

Ixabiso eliphantsi okanye elingaphantsi

Ulwimi loluntu luplastiki, kwaye intsingiselo yamagama athile ahluka ngexesha. Ukuthetha ngeziphi iimveliso, kuthethwa ukuba kwi-Middle Ages eYurophu, eli gama lithetha indawo elincinci (ukufumana oonyana abancinci), indawo yokulawula emngceleni, indawo yasemaphandleni kunye namadlelo afanayo kunye namahlathi.

E-Russia, oko kuthiwa iimpawu zabahloli kunye nabahloli-mali babizwa ngokuba kunjalo, izibonakaliso ezikhokelo zokupakisha iindlela kunye neetayiti zabadayisi beempahla ezincinci ezihamba kwimimandla yasemaphandleni.