Yintoni na le migca zibuthe

Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, imigca intsimi lo mhlaba otsalayo ngoku ezaziwa bonke. Ubuncinane esikolweni babonise kubonisa zabo zezifundo physics. Khumbula, njengokuba utitshala phantsi ephepheni wabeka umazibuthe esisigxina (okanye ababini, edibanisa nokuqhelanisa izibonda zazo), kwaye phezu nto ichatshazelweyo imvuthuluka zentsimbi eyenziwe izifundo zoqeqesho yabasebenzi? Kucacile ukuba metal kwafuneka ukuba igcinwe kwimakhishithi, kodwa kukho into engaqhelekanga - imigca umkhondo ngokucacileyo ecaleni apho umgca kwimbuphu yesarha. Qaphela - akalingani namanxeba. Le migca zibuthe. Kunoko, ukubonakala kwazo. Kwenzeka ntoni emva koko kwaye njani ukuchaza?

Makhe siqale kude. Kunye nathi kweli hlabathi physical elibonakalayo coexists uhlobo olulodwa zenkqunto - lo mhlaba otsalayo. Inika elilujongano ihamba amasuntswana nezakhiwo okanye izidumbu ezinkulu ukuba i kagesi, okanye yendalo mzuzu ngemagnethi. izenzakalo zombane kunye nemagnethi akukho ezihambelanayo kuphela enye kwenye, kodwa ukwenza ngokwabo. Umzekelo, ucingo apho umbane kudala mhlaba otsalayo ngeenxa ngokwayo emgceni. Kwelinye icala, ukubekwa alternating zemagneti kwi loop evaliweyo conductive oko kudala intshukumo abathwali kwentlawulo. Ipropati yokugqibela esetyenziswa generator kubonelela umbane kubo bonke abathengi. Umzekelo olothusayo lobuninzi amasimi kagesi - ukukhanya.

Imigca zibuthe zijikeleziswe ngeenxa umqhubi okanye, apho yinyaniso, luphawulwa ulwalathiso otsalayo induction kumda wesangqa. Kwicala ujikelezo bubonwa ngolawulo lobhontsi. Ichaza umgca - indibano, ekubeni endle esizigubungeleyo ngokulinganayo kuwo onke amacala. Eyona nto kukuba angamelwa njenge inani olungenasiphelo yemigca, ezinye zazo kwelona ucaca ngakumbi. Yiyo loo nto abanye "imigca" ngokucacileyo kwi ukuzama umazibuthe kunye imvuthuluka. Yintoni umdla kukuba, loo imigca Imagnethi soze ayiphazamiseki, ngoko ke asikwazi kuthi ngokuqinisekileyo apho iqala khona nalapho iphela.

Kwimeko omnye umazibuthe esisigxina (electromagnet okanye ezifana), kusoloko kukho imiqobo emibini, ngothando ngokuthi eMntla naseMzantsi. Uthe migca ayibalwa kulo mzekelo - ikhala kunye ovali, ukudibanisa zombini izibonda. Maxa wambi sichazwe ngokubhekiselele monopoles lokunxibelelana, kodwa ke kukho yintswela, njengako ezenza kube nzima ukwahlukanisa monopole. Oko kukuthi, naliphi na icandelo kukhokelela ukuzama imagnethi ukuvela kwiindawo ezininzi eguquguqukayo.

umdla Huge na iimpawu imigca amandla. Kwi ekuqhubekekeni sele sitshilo, kodwa nomdla lweprakhthikhali kukukwazi udale ku umqhubi amandla electromotive (EMF), iziphumo nto leyo umsinga wombane. Intsingiselo oku ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: xa imigca conductive yesekethe wawela yi magnetic amandla intsimi (okanye uhamba umqhubi kwi mhlaba otsalayo), electron kwi komzila eziphathekayo atom yangaphandle kunikezela amandla ezongezelelweyo, yakwazi ukuba ukuqala i intshukumo zemiyalelo ezimeleyo. Sinokuthi xa lo mhlaba otsalayo 'eqala' amasuntswana ukusukela ngembonakalo yikristale ngekroba. Le meko ke yaziwa ngokuba yoqheliso magnetic kwaye kungoku nje le ndlela ingundoqo tswala amandla ombane zaseprayimari. Kwafunyaniswa ngokomfuniselo ngo-1831 yi yamachiza IsiNgesi Michael Faraday.

Uphononongo kwamabala zemagneti yaqala ngo-1269, xa P. njengeyona wafumanisa impefumlelwano nemagnethi ungqukuva kunye iinaliti zentsimbi. Phantse 300 kwiminyaka kamva UG Colchester wacebisa ukuba umhlaba kukodwa umazibuthe enkulu ukuba izibonda ezimbini. ngezenzeko eyaziwa izazinzulu ngemagnethi Further baye bafunda ezifana Lorentz, Maxwell, Ampere, njl Einstein.