Yintoni na halogens? imichiza fluorine, chlorine, iodine astatine

Zonke izinto ezibandakanyekilyo lwezakhi zidibene ngokwamaqela, kuxhomekeke kwiipropati yemizimba yethu. Kweli nqaku siza kuxubusha ntoni halogen (okanye halo).

Meaning of halogens

Halogens - kukho imiba kwiqela lwezakhi-17, yaye kwi Ukuhlelwa lixesha - 7 iqela ephambili. Libhekisela halogens of imichiza 5, phakathi apho fluorine, chlorine, ayodini, bromine kunye astatine. Bonke bephela non-iintsimbi. Halogen - iioksidenti odlamjke kakhulu nangaphandle data iziqalelo kufuneka electron 7.

Ziziphi halogens, kwakutheni ukuze bafumane igama labo? Igama elithi "halo" wabumba amagama amabini esiGrike, leyo kunye imele "iityuwa ukuzalwa". Enye ingxenye yale qela - chlorine, kunye iifomu sodium ityiwa.

Iipropati Physical group halogen

Iipropati eekhemikhali halogens ezifanayo, kodwa ubunjalo bomzimba izinto zahlukile enye kwenye.

Fluoride - into sukube imibala etyheli, kunye ivumba zingambi kakhulu, kwaye ihlaba. Chlorine - igesi zana-mthubi ngebala, abe livumba enzima yaye lamela. Bromine - ulwelo emdaka. Astatine - blue-black esiqinileyo kunye livumba ivuza. Iodine - it grey okuqinileyo. Beshwankathela iinkcukacha okhankanywe ngentla, kunokwenzeka ukuba uphendule lo mbuzo: "Yintoni na halogens?". Oku igesi kunye ezilulwelo, kunye eziqinileyo.

Iipropati lwemichiza qela halogen i

Eyona iphambili oqhelekileyo zonke halogens kukuba bonke iioksidenti asebenzayo kakhulu. Le halogen kakhulu esebenzayo i fluorine, leyo idityaniswe ngesinyithi kakhulu baphola - astatine.

Ukusebenzisana halogens ezintweni elula (ngaphandle kwezinye non-isinyithi) udlula lula. Kwindalo, zifumaneka kuphela ngohlobo iikhompawundi.

fluorine

Enjalo into, fluorine ifunyenwe kuphela sisazinzulu French kwinkulungwane ekupheleni XIX ogama Anri Muassan. Fluoro - igesi kuba luthuthu omthubi. Halogens mava non-isinyithi kunye iioksidenti, nabo bonke halogens fluoro - kunazo esebenzayo. Ngoku lo halogen buyafuneka kushishino kuba isetyenziswa ekwenziweni kwemibhobho, tape, Ipeyinti izihlunu ezahlukeneyo, non-stick imiphezulu for neepani, baza iimilo, kwaye amayeza ekwenziweni kwemithambo eyenziweyo ngemithambo. Kushishino, lo halogen bungxengwe initrogen.

chlorine

Chlorine - into imichiza eyaziwa, libhekisela kwiqela halogen. Yintoni halogens, siye saxubusha ngasentla. Chlorine ugcina iimpawu ezingundoqo iziqalelo qela.

Igama livela elithi "chloros" isiGrike, bona bubonakala oluhlaza luthuthu. Le igesi ixhaphake kakhulu kwindalo, oko kukuninzi equlathwe olwandle. Chlorine - into ebaluleke kakhulu, ukuba phantse sele mhlophe, iintsholongwane kumachibi okudada, kwakunye kweentsholongwane amanzi okusela.

Kodwa chlorine kwakhona eyaziwa ngokuba esi sixhobo ezibulalayo yingozi. Ngowe-1915, amajoni aseJamani ukulwa umkhosi French of 6 amawaka. Balloons nale halogen. Le isixhobo esibulalayo yaqanjwa le yasekhemesti odumileyo waseJamani Fritz Haber.

iodine

Iodine okanye iodo, - elinye isolotya, lalo iqela halogen kulo. Enyanisweni, kule lwezakhi i element kuthiwa namnye ngaphandle ayodini; kodwa igama layo generic kuthathwa iodine. Igama element lisuka kwigama lesiGrike, leyo iguqulelwe ngeendlela Russian "Violet". Le isiqalelo chemical kubomi bemihla ngemihla kuvamile kakhulu. Xa zihlanganise namanye halogens, ikakhulu yeKhlorini wafumana unendlela ebalaseleyo ukuba iintsholongwane amanxeba kunye imikrwelo. Ngoku iodine kusetyenziswa amayeza ngenxa nokuthintela izifo ndlala.

astatine

Astatine umdla kuba ayizange ebangelwe bemithi eso sixa ukuba kunokubonwa ngeliso lenyama. Kwaye mhlawumbi, olu khetho akuyi kuthiwa thaca kubo ngonaphakade. Ukuba ingcali yaye bakwazi ukufumana izixa ezikhulu lwesi sakhi lwekhemikhali, ngoko nangoko uya emoyeni, ngenxa ukuvela lobushushu eliphezulu, nto leyo ngenxa kwimitha le element. Astatine - i element kakhulu ezinqabileyo, yaye kukho imali encinane lufumaneka uqweqwe Yomhlaba.

Phakathi astatine halogen - element ngokwanelisayo ngamampunge, kuba ngelo xesha naluphi na ukusetyenziswa kuye Ayifumaneki.

Ukusetyenziswa kunye nokubaluleka

Nangona zonke halogens babe iipropati imichiza efanayo, ukuba zisetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, fluorine kuluncedo kakhulu kuba amazinyo, nto ke leyo ebangele idityaniswa toothpastes. Ukusetyenziswa arhente zonyango kunye umbala, akhoyo kwi ukwakhiwa element fluorine imichiza, kuthintela yidityaniso. Chlorine isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa zehydrochloric acid leyo buyafuneka kushishino kunye namayeza. Chlorine isetyenziselwa ukwenziwa irabha, iiplastiki, izinyibilikisi, idayi, kwakunye imicu zokwenziwa. Zithako eziqulathe lwesi sakhi lisetyenziswa kwezolimo nokulawula lezinambuzane. Halogen chloro esifunekayo sokukhanyisa iphepha kunye namalaphu. Kukholelwa ukuba ukusetyenziswa iklorin yonyango amanzi okusela engakhuselekanga. Bromine, nto leyo halogen, yaye ayodini isoloko isetyenziswa njengonyango.

Meaning of halogens ebomini bomntu likhulu kakhulu. Ukuba ngqondweni ubukho boluntu, ngaphandle halogens, singe evinjwa izinto ezifana iifoto, kubola kunye zintsholongwane, irabha, iplastiki, ilinoliyam, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ukongeza, ezi izinto kufuneka yi umzimba womntu ukuze isebenze kakuhle, oko kukuthi, kudlala indima ebalulekileyo eziphilayo. Nangona iimpawu halogens kunye efanayo, indima yabo kushishino kunye namayeza yahlukile.