Flatworms yokuhlala. Types flatworms

Uhlobo Animal flatworms, ezifakwe kwi qela bilaterally macala, inzululwazi bafunda kunye eziphilayo. Flatworms (Platyhelminthes) asingabo amalungu kuphela eli qela, libhekisela ngaphezu kwe-90% ye izilwanyana, kuquka iintsholongwane annelid ujikajikeleza, arthropods, mbambela, njl

Inkangeleko nenkcazo flatworms

Platyhelminthes c ulwimi lesiGrike elithetha "neempethu ububanzi." Le ntshulube abangekaphuhli manzini, nto leyo kuswela umngxuma umzimba, ezenzelwe ukulungiselela ukuqokelelwa, usasazo kunye kukhuthaza kwezondlo. Inkoliso yabo gazi, yaye abanye bahlala emanzini okanye kumhlaba nokufuma eliphezulu. Bona lubonakala ngokuba esimbaxa umjikelo wobomi, ngexesha apho kukho utshintsho wemikhosi eziphakathi, kude iimpethu hayi zihlawulwa kwi maqumrhu host lokugqibela.

Iintlobo flatworms zahlukahlukene kwaye lwavakala kulo lonke ihlabathi. 25 amawaka Kukho.

flatworms yokuhlela Scientific

Flatworms kuba kummandla luceliwe (twatsa macala omabini) protostomes izilwanyana. Ngokunxulumene iimpikiswano ezithile eziye zavela xa uzama ukwahlula flatworms kumaqela ahlukeneyo, izazinzulu mabazihlele njengeqela paraphyletic. Oku kuquka abameli yinxalenye encinane kwinzala kwizinyanya efanayo.

Ubume amalungu flatworm yangaphakathi

flatworms umzimba side kwaye atshabalalisa, kuba akukho kwisisu ngaphakathi. Yiyo loo isithuba agcwalisa iiseli. Ngaphakathi, kukho iimaleko izihlunu, leyo ibe umbungu ibhegi musculocutaneous kunye iqokobhe.

nkqubo ngamalungu angaphakathi:

• Le nkqubo yokusila imelwe ngomlomo kunye neemfama (akukho ukufikelela) emathunjini. Nutrients faka ngomlomo, kwaye ukuba zifunxwe yonke kumphezulu umzimba.
• Le luvo iqulathe ingqondo nemithambo iintsika ganglion. Ezinye iiklasi flatworms izikhungo lwesilinganiso abangekaphuhli lokubona.
• Inkqubo excretory iquka tubular ezikhethekileyo, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kukhupha kwenzeka kuyo kumphezulu umzimba.
• inkqubo Reproductive owayebonakala obhinqileyo (ovariectomized) kunye abangamadoda (namasende) amalungu esini. Flatworms are hermaphrodites.

Umahluko phakathi ziintshulube tyaba kwaye ngeenxa

Ziintshulube moya yahlukile umnqamlezo-candelo umzimba ngokumila setyhula. Ziintshulube nangoku kuthiwa nematodes. Ukuba isicwangciso umzimba bilaterally macala, kuba izihlunu aphuhliswe kakuhle. Kodwa umahluko ophambili ukusuka flatworms kukuba ngeenxa zonke zibe lapho umzimba lwangaphakathi, kwaye iflethi - akukho.

Iintlobo ngeentlobo iindidi flatworms

Uluhlu "Flatworms" ubonisa ngokucacileyo ukwahlulwa kweentlobo ngokweendidi, apho inzululwazi yanamhlanje iye ezisixhenxe.

flatworms Iiklasi, yonke enye (iintshulube ciliated) ikutyela. Abaninzi kubo anefuthe elivakalayo inane amatsha kunye ndifuze iintlanzi, batsho.

Ukuba ubuchule parasitize kakhulu eluswini, iigilizi phantsi iimpethu bafumana kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo zosulelo ngaphakathi, nto leyo unobangela usulelo abaninzi kunye nokufa yeentlanzi.

turbellarians

Turbellarians (turbellarians) are abazingeli badle ezingenamqolo ezincinane, arthropods kunye squid enkulu. Ukuba imginye yonke encinane ixhoba okanye iintshukumo owanyayo olunamandla kuncothulwa kweenyama zayo.

umzimba worm uyakwazi ukuphinda uvelise ngokwabo. ummeli Bright yi Planaria, apho inxalenye zincinane lomzimba ukuphinda-ikhule ibe ngumntu ngokupheleleyo.

Flatworms ku okugcinwa ekhaya

Helminths libe yingxaki enkulu labo bayathanda lwemfuyo iintlanzi akwariyam.

flatworms ezihlala ubukhulu becala amanzi. Njengoko flukes, flatworms nga iqhotyoshelwe yi le ngcina disc nomphezulu ulusu kunye iigilizi of Aquarium yeentlanzi.

Iimpethu abadala ukubeka amaqanda apho kwindawo ezihlala ulusu yeentlanzi. Ngokuthe ngcembe, ukuba alawule phezu iimpumlo zabo, ezo ezikhulayo, ize ngokwesondo.

iintlanzi Young ezithandwa kakhulu ukuba izinambuzane buthathaka. Formation of Sisihloko enkulu ziimpethu kwi Kwakukhuhlwa ekhokelela ekufeni komzimba, yaye kamva ekufeni yeentlanzi.

Ezinye iintlobo flatworms ufake akwariyam ekhaya umhlaba, ukutya live. kwindawo yazo ibe phezu kobuso lona lisiza eluswini abaninzi intlanzi entsha Aquarium.

Ukuba asuse ukungcola nendlu evela intlanzi, kuyimfuneko ukuba sihlale nabo iibhate kongezwe-5-bitsillina kunye netyuwa imizuzu emi-5.

Yingozi izinambuzane impilo yabantu

flatworms zesiFundo, ingakumbi, ingxaki ulawulo lwezinambuzane, kubalulekile nje ukuba intlanzi kunye saselwandle esineqokobhe. Kukho ingozi yosulelo yabantu ziimpethu, ekulweni kunokuba elide kunye buhlungu.

Ezinye iintlobo irhorho labantu nezinye izilwanyana ezanyisayo:

• Pseudophyllidea (tapeworm ububanzi). Usulelo kunokwenzeka kubo uma ekhona ezityiwa ikrwada, intlanzi kakubi ngetyuwa. Xa emathunjini amancinci tapeworm babantu ubomi iminyaka, efikelela kubude ukuya kwi-20 m.
• Aeniarhynchus saginatus (inkomo tapeworm). flatworms yokuhlala - amathumbu babantu neenkomo. Prisasyvayas iindonga zayo, helminth ikhula ukuya kwi-10 m. Imibungu inokuba kwezinye enyama yangaphakathi, kwiindawo ezikude (ingqondo, izihlunu, isibindi), ngoko ngokufuthi kwabo kungenakwenzeka ukuba ngokupheleleyo balahle. Isigulane lingakubulala. Usulelo lwenzeka xa nokudla amaqanda ntshulube esiswini ukutya thermal ukuqhubekekiswa ezivela ezandleni ezimdaka.
• Echinococcus (Echinococcus) kuxhaphakile izinja kunye neekati, ahamba umzimba indoda. Nangona ubungakanani obuncinane - 5 kuphela mm - ukukwazi uhlobo layo mibungu eFinland, ezikhubazayo enyama yangaphakathi, obulalayo. Imibungu kusichukumisa, ithambo, inkqubo yokuphefumla womchamo. Flatworms echinococci rhoqo afumaneka ebuchotsheni, isibindi kunye namanye amalungu zangaphakathi. Umntu unako lula ukufumana kwindawo elosulelekileyo kwazona yi inja, leyo sanwenwela ingubo, ukusuka apho zonke izinto zasekhaya kunye nokutya.
• Isibindi Iphiko - umenzi wobubi of cholecystitis, yokulunywa biliary, ukuphazamiseka isisu kunye namathumbu, aleji. flatworms yokuhlala becala izilwanyana yabantu ezinegazi elishushu kwesibindi, inyongo indlela. Ubude umzimba Iphiko ayidluli-3 cm. Eyona ezizodwa kukuba kuphela abaqolileyo abantu, kodwa kwindawo yazo bayakwazi nokuzala.

Uthintelo wokosuleleka helminths

amanyathelo azizithintelo ukuwa amaqanda kwindawo ziimpethu emzimbeni womntu zezi zilandelayo:

• Kuyimfuneko ukuba ahlambe ngocoselelo izandla ngesepha namanzi phambi kwesidlo ngasinye, emva kokutyelela iindawo zoluntu, izindlu zangasese, isitalato, unxibelelwano kunye izilwanyana.
• Hlamba imifuno ekrwada kunye neziqhamo ngamanzi ashushu nesepha.
• Musa adle inyama ekrwada kunye nentlanzi.
• ubushushu Long ngayo ukutya, ingakumbi inyama kunye nentlanzi.
• Nikelani ingqalelo ekuthinteleni kwangethuba zintwala olwaye lwamfimfitha izilwanyana zasekhaya.
• Qho, ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka, uthathe amaqanda indle helminth.