Iimpuku - eklasini okanye uhlobo? Iimpuku - uhlobo looding, okanye? Abalinganiswa kweempuku

Abameli yokuqala besikrekrethi ukuvela ngexesha Cretaceous. Nezenzululwazi, baye kwaziwa ukususela ekuqaleni Paleocene. Izazinzulu, paleontologists bakholelwa ukuba namabuzi baba ookhokho ezidla.

Besikrekrethi: a isishwankathelo jikelele

kukho abameli yeendidi ubunzima ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo phakathi izilwanyana kweli qela. ubude Umzimba 5 iimpuku ezinde cm. capybara unako ukufikelela 130 cm ubude, ubunzima baso iyahluka ukusuka kg-6 ukuya 60. Ngenxa ezininzi kweentlobo lwesakhiwo iimpuku yangaphandle umzimba ziyahluka. Umzekelo, lomzimba usenokuba nembono eyahlukileyo. Iimpuku zibe 5- okanye 4-palye ngemilenze kunye 3-, 4-, 5-palye ngasemva. Ingubo yi zahlukahlukene kakhulu - ukusuka ngobulali ukuya ashinyeneyo kunye ezincinane, okanye kusekwe inaliti namanwele. Imibala nayo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Kwi umzimba akukho kwamadlala xhopho, luphawulwa bubukho kuphela sebaceous. Indawo kwamadlala umbilo ke kuphela. Inani neengono yahluka ukusuka ngababini-2 ukuya ku-12.

Ngokutsho uhlobo lokutya abameli iintsapho ezininzi zahlukile. Ungakhetha iimpuku herbivorous, zezitya, esidla inyama nentlanzi-besitya.

iimpawu zezakhiwo

Iimpawu uphawu ezi zifaka ezigudileyo palsy; thermoregulation olunganelanga; ubukho ngambini kuzo kakhulu mkhulu siphume central ezikhula kulo ubomi babo yaye akukho neengcambu. Imilo kwezi amazinyo ngathi basike kunye elibukhali kakhulu, ngomhla abaqingqi kwicala ngaphakathi camera dentin ethambileyo, lo gama inxenye phambi phezulu camera wayesebenzisa esiqinileyo. Olu phawu noshowo ivumela nakubaxholi self-ekuloleni xa kuyimfuneko. Canines ndingekhoyo beempuku, naphakathi siphume kunye imihlathi yi diastema (a kwindawo engenanto). Inani lilonke kwamazinyo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo iyahluka-12 ukuya kuma-20.

Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo imihlathi ukutya yokuphila kwaye zisenokwahluka zamazinyo isakhiwo komhlaba. Kunokuba sofele okanye ikama. Imilebe ukwenza umsebenzi ezikhuselayo, ukukhusela emlonyeni iintlobo ezahlukeneyo amasuntswana ezingafunekiyo. Ubume bale izihlunu ukuhlafuna, esemva nemihlathi nokuvala nemihlathi, imihlathi phambili likuvumela equmbile xa kuyimfuneko. Yeyona umahluko kuqwalaselo kwezi izihlunu aba umqondiso ngawo zazihlela namabuzi. Nesisu lingaba ezilula okanye multi-gumbi. Kuba konke kodwa dormice, luphawulwa ebusweni cecum, kodwa isantya ulisonge aswele.

unit nezikrekrethi yokuhlela

ekugqibeleni kweempuku squad ezithathwa. Kude kube kamva nje, lagomorphs, wanikezela namhlanje ngamava eyahlukileyo, naye banawo kuye.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho iintsapho ezingaphezulu kwama-40, 30 ezibandakanya abameli owayephila yalo myalelo. Ngeentlobo imelwe kakuhle kakhulu kwi qela kweempuku, ngokutsho uqikelelo ezahlukeneyo, kukho phakathi kweentlobo-1600 no 2000.

Ukusasazwa ngokubanzi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo kweempuku icebisa ukukhonya ngamanani abameli babo phakathi izilwanyana. 150 iintlobo 11 iintsapho mihla, kuquka Letyagovye, UNomatse, Beaver, Hamster, Spalacidae, murine, Soneva, dipodidae et al., Ikoloni ubume ezivulekileyo epholileyo sabutropikhi imimandla, ingakumbi iindawo ezomileyo. Kuba iintlobo ezininzi luphawulwa ngokuqhuba ngendlela semi-komhlaba lobomi, xa amandla kuphela inikezelwa kumphezulu.

iimpuku Wild and ekhaya, ehamba ubomi imini nobusuku, ezinkulu nezincinci - baninzi kakhulu abameli babo, lwavakala kulo lonke ihlabathi.

iimpuku meaning

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba namabuzi othatha inxaxheba ekubunjweni emhlabeni. umsebenzi wabo emgodini kunempembelelo entle kwimveliso yezityalo.

Ubukhulu kuxhomekeke ixesha lobomi: iimpuku uhlala izilwanyana ukusuka kwiminyaka 1.5 ukuya-2, kunye ezinkulu - 4 ukuya kowe-7. Lokufikisa kwiintlobo ezincinane kwenzeka ngeenyanga 2-3, kwaye ngokubanzi - kwiminyaka 1-1,5. Inani kweempuku amancinci-onokufikelela nyaka ekwaziyo okuvelisa ukuya ku amaxesha 6-8 8-15 alimele angakhula namakhulukhulu amaxesha kwezinye iminyaka. Ke iimpuku ababangela umonakalo omkhulu kwezolimo. Phakathi izilwanyana iqembu eyingozi, abo abathwali kwezifo kunye kwamagciwane. Oku, umzekelo, nomatse emhlabeni kunye marmots. Oonomatse, muskrats kunye nutria enoboya ezixabisekileyo, kule nkalo, iye yaba ngumba obalulekileyo koshishino uboya. iintlobo ezimbini zenyathi ezintlanu kweempuku zidweliswe ezisengozini.

abameli imifuziselo komyalelo

Family ngoweqela kweempuku, uluhlu leyo ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi ziquka kakhulu ezahlukeneyo ngembonakalo, indlela yokuphila izilwanyana.

• Sem. Nomatse: nomatse Eliqhelekileyo, nomatse, chipmunk, inja yaseMexico enkangala, groundhog.
• Sem. Letyagovye: nomatse luphaphazela.
• Sem. Goferovye: Gopher Flat.
• Sem. Beaver: Beaver.
• Sem. Pedetidae: strider.
• Sem. Hamster: Hamster eqhelekileyo, Jungar Hamster, zokor eqhelekileyo, vole, lemming Arctic, Siberian Lemming, dakasa enkulu.
• Sem. amabuzi: enkulu adla-nempuku.
• Sem. Mouse: yaseYurophu kokuvuna mouse, Pasyuk.
• Sem. Soneva: Sadovaya Sonya.
• Sem. Selevinievye: Selevinia.
• Sem. Myshovkovye: ihlathi ezinde mouse.
• Sem. Dipodidae: ubukhulu-tailed pygmy nempuku, nempuku enkulu.
• Sem. Old incanda ehlabathini: Indian incanda.
• Sem. leencanda American: Porcupine waseBrazil.
• Sem. Caviidae: Guinea yehagu, Mara toothfish.
• Sem. Vodosvinkovye: capybara.
• Sem. Engutoki netshintshila: i engutoki netshintshila, bizcacha.
• Sem. Nutrievye: nutria.

Indlela kwemvelo kweempuku

Iintsalela ezingamathambo namabuzi bamandulo, uninzi lwazo zifumaneka Intshona Melika nakwamanye amazwe aphesheya, kwaba ncinane kakhulu kwaye zifane iimpuku kule mihla. Kuphela nje iintlobo bambalwa kancinci eziphuhlileyo ngaphezu kakhulu kwaye bafikelela nobukhulu beaver.

I yokuqala yabonisa iimpawu okwaba ahluka kwezinye besikrekrethi izilwanyana efanayo isakhiwo umhlathi, ngakumbi, ukuvela siphume isici. Ezi zilwanyana kakhulu nabalulamileyo yaye ngokuthe ngcembe ukuqhelana kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo yokusingqongileyo, kunye iimpawu ngesakhiwo, ngokuxhomekeke yokuphila, waqala ukuma kakuhle ngakumbi.

iimpuku ezincinane yamandulo ukuhamba aphilileyo, kwaye ke kukho iintlobo baye bafunda ukuba ukutsiba. Ngaxeshanye, iqela kweempuku komhlaba sasikwanti, isakhiwo, yaba lukakayi, neenyawo neenzipho ebe iimpawu isici.

Ezinye iimpuku namhlanje ziqhelekileyo - iimpuku kunye neempuku - yabonakala kakhulu kamva. Abameli iintlobo zamandulo ezi zilwanyana kwi European Pliocene Ingxenye.

Kuse- abameli komyalelo kungenxa ncakasana umntu, kuba iimpuku baba "stowaways" kwi iinqanawa ukuhamba elwandle, yaye kamva waya kunye zindwendwe neenkamela entlango, kunye noololiwe phezu kololiwe. Baphila ecaleni kwendoda kule mini. kamnandi kakhulu emakhaya kunye neefama nemfuyo, izitora okuziinkozo oovimba kunye nemiqathango.

Iimpuku: General main izinambuzane

Iimpuku - bona abameli rattus sodidi, uniko manani, iintlobo-63. Ezi zilwanyana, lwavakala kulo lonke jikelele. Kodwa 2 iintlobo yeempuku zibangela umonakalo kuyingozi kakhulu kuluntu, umonakalo izityalo, etshabalalisa ukutya kunye nokuba ezithwala izifo. Sithetha abamnyama ibuzi gray, nto leyo edla ngokuba Pasyuk. Abo nabanye - abameli ezibalaseleyo yezinambuzane zabantu. Ngokwemiqathango yokuphila, uyakwazi ukubona ezinye umahluko phakathi abameli kwezi ntlobo. Black - ungaphezulu ibuzi "ehlekisayo". Ibuzi uthanda olufudumeleyo kunye nobomi, njengoko umthetho, ukuba bahlale kuwo, ngoxa Pasyuk andicingi ekhululekile kwaye lwezindlu, ukuhamba imizana. Black ibuzi ufumana ubukhulu yayo iinqanawa. Ku Britain, ezi iimpuku zibe abathwali isibetho, leyo wathi izigidi zabantu. Pasyuk ingqalelo wazalelwa khona China, ukusuka apho kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XVIII. ibuzi wangena eYurophu, ihlaba nempuku emnyama. Zombini iintlobo - iimpuku ziyingozi kakhulu. Iiplastiki abathwali isibetho, yesifo, Leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis.

Mouse - a kweempuku encinci. Iintlobo enegama elifanayo ezifumaneka iintsapho ezininzi. Abameli kakhulu kumba lommandla sezulu - yaseYurophu isivuno mouse kunye neenkuni mouse; Afrika - African Grass Rat kunye nenemizila mouse entsimini; Australia - drevesnomysh Asian kwaye inameva nerayisi Hamster. Kodwa edume kakhulu nangoku le mouse endlwini, nangona ubukhulu ayo, kukho isoyikiso enkulu kwimpilo yabantu. Okunye mouse kuchaphazela imeko yezoqoqosho kweli lizwe, onakalise izityalo zezityalo zolimo kunye noninzi lwezinto etyiwayo. Le ngxaki ikhona enobuzaza ngokukodwa kule ndawo. Phantse zonke impuku zibizwa ngokuba zezitya, kodwa kukhethwa ukutyala ukutya kunye manqaphanqapha kudla izinambuzane. Kuba mpuku ziquka ezinye ezanyisayo zincinane. Umzekelo okuphawuleka Hamster ezincinanana ogama ubunzima - hayi ngaphezulu kwe-10 g.

Voles izihlobo close hamsters, iimpuku kunye neempuku. Voles kunye Lemmings ziyinxalenye subfamily eqhelekileyo, amalungu bahlala kwimimandla ebandayo yoMntla saseNtla. Xa isakhiwo sangaphandle neneempawu: nomsila emfutshane kunye impumlo ajikelezayo. Sesona sikhulu lweentlobo 99 kuzenza - American must nempuku, ekwabizwa ngokuba muskrat. Ezi ezanyisayo iimpuku bebeziqhelanisa ubomi emanzini, ezifunyenwe ngethuba nasekusungulweni iimpawu ezithile morphological. Ukuba ubukhulu becala herbivorous, voles zibe usongo kwezolimo kunye yokudla. Ezi iimpuku badle ezincancisayo ezininzi neentaka amaxhoba, nto leyo ibonisa ukubaluleka kwabo eziphilayo.

iinyani ezinika umdla malunga nezikrekrethi

• Iimpuku zande kangaka emhlabeni, nto leyo bazalisa onke amazwekazi ngaphandle Antarctica.
• Eyona inkulu besikrekrethi ubomi e Umzantsi Melika kwiminyaka yezigidi emine eyadlulayo. abantu Weight akwazi ukufikelela seetoni 1. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ilungu likhulu komyalelo i capybara.
• A malayan Porcupine waba Guinness Book of Records, owayekhe wahlala iminyaka engama-27 neenyanga-4.
• zofuzo Japanese bezisa iintlobo ibuzi njengesi. A isici esasenza njengesi laboratory kukuba uyakwazi Ukufuna, Ndinjengentaka.
• chipmunk Image nalo iingalo izixeko ezibini kummandla Sverdlovsk - Volchansk kunye Krasnoturyinsk.
• Unyaka ikhalenda Chinese abe Mouses, kwaye beli - Beaver unyaka nonyaka ngeeProteni.
• Ikhathuni besikrekrethi kakhulu ethandwayo iqela abahlanguli misebenzi Walt Disney: burunduchata Chip kunye Dale, ibuzi kunye nempuku Rocky nut. Yinto eyaziwa ngokubanzi namabuzi kunye funny amazwi ukusuka movie comedy 'Alvin kunye Chipmunks. "
• UNjingalwazi Dzhenni Morton Cambridge University kwenziwa isifundo malunga neziphumo imethamphetamine kwi ezincancisayo. Amalinge zenziwa kwi mouse. Ngempazamo, kufunyaniswe ukuba umculo phezulu uphucula iimpawu ubuthi ichiza. Ukususela iqela equka abantu 40, abekhe baphulaphula Bach, ezine kuphela wafa ngexesha okanye ngoko nangoko emva nokuhlola. Kodwa yeempuku 40, phulaphula umculo The mihla, 7 wafela kuloo ndawo ngoko nangoko. Kakade ke, asiyiyo loo phawu olulodwa aesthetic ukuphulaphula, yaye enze ingxolo kwamaza enesingqi, nto leyo eyabangela someleza isiphumo enetyhefu.
• Clever Rat - otywala. Olu phawu ubeka ngokwenene eli hlobo. Iimpuku wababuleweyo ngakumbi ngempumelelo imeyizi, naso i "iglasi". Esi sigqibo engaqhelekanga kwenziwe unjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi Konkordiya Monrealya. Abo abantu utsaleleka kakuhle imeyizi ngokukhawuleza wacinga unxibelelwano utywala kunye nemvo imincili eyenza. Oku kuboniswa yokuba waliva utywala, wasiwa emathangeni kuye. Kodwa ibuzi ngaphantsi unekhono zange baqonde le uqhagamshelwano kwaye kwiglasi ayenziwanga nokusondela, nevumba funky engasi utywala.
• Yintsholongwane, kuthathelwa imvelaphi HIV, oosonzululwazi ukusuka waseCalifornia Institute of Technology wachitha imifuniselo ukonwabisa, izilwanyana liyadlula zofuzo ezithile ezineempawu ezithile kwezinye izidalwa. Ingakumbi okuyiphatha phandle umfuniselo onocwangco ngolu hlobo: nganye-ezineseli ndiseyimbumba mouse wangena gene jellyfish eyenza kube ziyavutha. Ngoko ayimangalisi, kodwa mouse isakhi langaphandle bazalwa kunye namaqumrhu zokukhanyisa ezibengezelayo eluhlaza ezimnandi. Kukhanya yaba inkalo ngcembe ezi iimpuku kunye nenzala olunye naye lo msebenzi.

Pet nezikrekrethi

Abantwana basoloko nokuphupha ngayo izilwanyana. Bambalwa kodwa sibe nomonde, ixesha kunye nomgudu nkathalo. Eyona nabalulamileyo kakhulu kule ndlela ekunokuthiwa ikhaya namabuzi. Ukunyamekela izilwanyana funny is engephi. Kuba yesondlo ayidingi iimeko ezizodwa, kwaye iindleko ezikhoyo ngokwaneleyo.

Njengoko-qabane lokuqala umntwana oselula kufuneka ukhethe namabuzi nje. Ngapha koko, usana zingatya ngokwayo kunye zilwanyana ezihlekisayo, kwaye bathelele ekucoceni iiseli.

Iivenkile zezilwanyana wosondeza iintlobo-ntlobo zezilwanyana, ezifana namabuzi. Uluhlu lwe ixhaphakileyo zidweliswe ngezantsi.

A Inani enkulu hamsters, iimpuku, iimpuku, iihagu Guinea, gerbils, chinchillas, imivundla zokuhombisa, chipmunks, oonomatse, kwaye nkqu ferrets ezithengiswa ezivenkileni. Kakhulu "lula" Kakade ke, hamsters, ayifani umsindo ezolileyo kwaye imnandi. Ngaphezu koko, kulula kakhulu okumdambisa. Oonomatse, chinchillas, imivundla kunye ferrets kufuneka isithuba esininzi, ndizinyamekele nzima ngakumbi.

Njengoko namabuzi ezi abathwali izifo ezininzi, kubalulekile ukuba iinkqubo ngamaxesha yococeko, ezijolise ekuthinteleni zabo. Umzekelo, izilwanyana ezitsha ezizuziweyo kufuneka ixesha elithile ukuba bodwa, oyimfuneko ukwenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuba nisempilweni. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba umane iintsholongwane izixhobo ze enze kweentsholongwane yezinambuzane yesikhumba.

Amabuzi eNew York

Nangona isibakala sokuba ezanyisayo - yiyo kwemvelo eklasini, iimpuku (ezifana iimpuku) kwaye yi-yimveliso yempucuko. Baye sazivelela kunye nathi, kwaye yokuhlaliswa ngakumbi zabantu - ezintle va kweempuku phakathi kwabantu. Mhlawumbi yiloo nto njengenkunzi ihlabathi of ibuzi nizinyulele New York.

Ngokutsho data ilingane, abemi isixeko yeempuku izihlandlo ezisibhozo inani labantu. Enoba iindlela zolawulo besikrekrethi okanye ngokuqulunqa kubaphathi-dolophu, kusekho ezi ezanyisayo iimpuku bafumana indlela yokusinda.

abamelwane ezingafunekiyo kule minyaka baba ngakumbi ezinkulu, ezinamandla kunye otyebileyo ngakumbi. Kwakhona ezihlekisayo kukuba nempuku ezidolophini kakhulu inobuqhophololo ngaphezu kwazo kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni. Ziye zafunda ukuqonda izinto ezininzi. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba omnye izilwanyana wafa emva kukuginya kokuba oko ithiyelwe ngako, izalamane zakhe kuba akukho nto iya kudla kuyo. Wafunda unxibelelwano komhlaba kwaye bayakwazi ukuhamba isixeko kwiindlela ezithile.

Amabuzi abahlala ebumelwaneni nendoda kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi, phinda xa ngesantya esiphezulu. Rat eneminyaka iiveki 8 kodwa sexless. Emva konyaka wakwazi ukuba azale 50 inzala ngonyaka ngamnye. Bafana abasebenza circus ayityhale kwikroba lokuvula elimxinwa, caca elihle imiphezulu nkqo siwele. Yiba akwaziqonda obalaseleyo ivumba nokuphatha, bayakwazi ukutsiba eziliqela eemitha ubude yaye ihamba zolwakhiwo lwentlalo.

Kutshanje, kufunyaniswe ukuba uninzi ziikati bayeka ukuhlasela iimpuku. Ngoku ngoxolo yokuhlalisana kunye nabo, ukutya kunye yaye zihlala ecaleni kwenye. Isizathu soku lenxaki bonke bezimpi zikwinkqubo zazivelela kumabuzi banda kakhulu.

Nkqu baseNew beyeka ukunikela ingqalelo iimpuku, kodwa ngoku zincediswe izimvo baloo mzi. Iimpuku bayeke yokuzimela, bona impressively chu ecaleni amagophe zabahambi, eshiya ngesisa ngundoqo yabantu babo.

Ewe, ukulunywa ibuzi azikho ixesha elide amanqe, kodwa yingozi empilweni. Abantwana basoloko kakhulu ngamaxhoba izinja zabo. ngonyaka ngamnye ngaphezu kwekhulu abantu ethe walunywa yeempuku ngenisa ekliniki eNew York.

Uphawu kuphela namabuzi izinambuzane nangoku kulungile. Eneneni, abanye babo izinambuzane ngolunya babefanele batshatyalaliswe kuzo zonke iindlela ezinokubakho. Kodwa kukho iintlobo ngaba oko kwakuya kwenzeka ngaphandle uphazamiseko bafa bezinto eziphilayo kwiinkqubo ezininzi eziphilayo. Nezikrekrethi amaninzi adlale indima izilwanyana zovavanyo kwiilebhu.

Ngaloo ndlela, iimpuku, leyo ngokunjalo amagama ezahlukeneyo, kwaye inani elikhulu kangaka intsingiselo yalo ezahlukeneyo kakhulu, bezise kubomi bomntu kwaye umhlaba nje ingozi ezibangele iinzuzo ezinkulu.