2 Ludwig yaseBavaria: biography kanye photo

Ludwig II yaseBavaria walawula 1864-1886 gg. Ngeli xesha, ubukumkani yaba yinxalenye yoBukhosi German enobunye. I kangako savela kwezopolitiko, kodwa ke ixesha elininzi enikelwe ukuya ubugcisa kunye nokwakhiwa nqaba. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, waba reclusive yaye ekugqibeleni wavakaliswa ehanjelwa baphelelwe ngamandla. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokulahlekelwa Isihloko wakhe Ludwig batshoniswe phantsi kweemeko eliyimfihlakalo chibi.

ebuntwaneni

Agasti 25, 1845 wazalwa uKumkani Ludwig elizayo yaseBavaria 2. Abazali kunye inkwenkwe ebuntwaneni ezihambisana eMunich. Uyise Crown Prince Maximilian of Wittelsbach ubukhosi, owathi kamva waba nguKumkani Maximilian II. Unina uMariya wayezeke intombi ezukileyo Frederic kumkani Prussia Frederick William II.

Ngowe-1848, uthotho yeenguqu ezenzeka lonke eJamani. Uyisemkhulu umntwana Ludwig kwafuneka enze yokuNyenyisa imiQathango kwaye anikezele. Power lilifa kwabatyhutyha Maximilian, kunye nonyana wakhe waba prince isithsaba. Inkwenkwe ndasiwa esekusithekeni enqabeni yomkhosi Hohenschwangau, apho ekhula. Njani uchitha i-2 Ludwig elandelayo yaseBavaria? ebuntwaneni savela sachithwa phakathi iincwadi kunye nomculo. Waba nomdla kwimizobo, ingakumbi opera. Wayeyindoda ukunambitha shinyi ukuba unokubakho kuphela kwinkulungwane XIX, xa inkcubeko waseJamani waba eneentyatyambo kwaso.

Esengumntwana, umlawuli imfundo yobugcisa ikakhulu melo. iiyure ezisi-8 ngosuku, wafunda Latin, isiGrike French, kwakunye uncwadi kunye nembali. Izinto ezimbini zokugqibela baba nomdla emntwaneni, wabanika ingqalelo kakhulu. Indlalifa ukufunda kakhulu kwaye uninzi bonke wayeyithanda ntsomi aphakathi kunye noncwadi French. imemori Good wamenza enye madoda eyayifunde kakhulu ngexesha lakhe. Crown Prince ukuthanda indalo lweenkobe eBavaria. Xa wayeneminyaka eli-12 Wenza uhambo lwakhe lokuqala omkhulu ezintabeni. Ezi yohambo zodwa waba nempembelelo enkulu phezu mlinganiswa.

Art umxhasi

Ngowe-1864, wafa Maximilian II. Abasemagunyeni ukuba Ludwig 2nd oneminyaka eli-18 ubudala yaseBavaria. Ukuvuma kwetrone kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba inkonzo yomngcwabo kumsitho kokusweleka kukatata wakhe. Lo mlawuli amadodana mdla kwimicimbi karhulumente, umgaqo angaphandle kunye ngamayelenqe. Kangangeminyaka eli-18, kodwa abazange babe nexesha elaneleyo ukwamkela kwetrone. Ngoko ke, endaweni imicimbi karhulumente Ludwig nangoko wazinikela kuphuhliso zobugcisa wohlobo.

UKumkani waba wokwazi Richard Wagner waza wamnika inkxaso-mali enkulu. Umqambi, ukufumana inkxaso-mali ezinkulu evela kwiSebe lezeMali, uye wakubona xesha mkhulu umsebenzi lokudala yayo. Le iphambili opera yakhe "Das Rheingold," "Die Walküre", "Tristan kunye UIsolde" yaye "Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg" senzeka kwi eMunich National Theatre, nto leyo into ekhoyo uKumkani yena ngokwakhe. Ixabiso eliphezulu yokugcina Ludwig Wagner wenzeni athandwe kakhulu phakathi abemi. Ngowe-1865 lo mlawuli kwafuneka ukuhlangabezana kuluntu kwaye uthumele umqambi ngaphaya eBavaria. Noko ke, oku akuzange kumthintele ukuba ukugcina ubuhlobo.

Xa Ludwig wafumana amandla, kwafumaniseka ukuba akukho ilungele indima yakhe entsha. Uye akabonakalanga umcebisi eyayinokucacisa kuye indlela yokucombulula iingxaki zoluntu. Ngoko ke, lo kumkani ukuba izimvo zabo malunga okulungileyo kokubi ilizwe lakhe. Umfanekiso kumkani Ludwig udityaniswe nemifanekiso amaqhawe zamaxesha, amaqhawe kunye nabalinganiswa iidrama Schiller. Konke oku kushiya imizila hlobo swii kwaye msinya.

kisayo Austria

Ngowe-1866 imfazwe entsha imfazwe eJamani. Ilizwe ubunjwe izikumkani ezininzi izilawuli, yahlulwa kwiinkampu ezimbini ezazingasombululeki. Kuloo minyaka, ukuba isigqibo malunga urhulumente baya kumanyana lonke eJamani. Bangi iphambili kweli dabi yaba Prussia kunye Austria.

Ludwig II wagqiba ukuthatha icala uBukhosi Habsburg. Yena kwimicimbi yasemkhosini akuzange nomdla yaye ke ngoko onikwe igunya lolawulo zomkhosi ukuze abalungiseleli bayo abaninzi kunye nabacebisi, waya eSwitzerland. Prussia ukuba uwine kuphela wathabatha iinyanga ezintathu. Ngokutsho iimeko ehlazisayo le isivumelwano soxolo Bayern Berlin kwafuneka ukuba ahlawule izibonelelo ezinkulu Kwathi e Bad Orb kunye Gersefeld.

wedding irhoxisiwe

Emva kokuba imfazwe ezilahlekileyo kunye Prussia King kuphela kanye wachitha lakhenketha lizwe, etyelela ummandla wayo wasentla. Kungekudala waphelelwa ngumdla kwezopolitiko waza waqalisa ukukhokela karhulumente amagosa. Ngelo xesha, inkosi waba into ukugxekwa ngokubanzi ngenxa wayemdolw lokutshata babe yindlalifa.

Kutheni nzima kangaka Ludwig 2 yaseBavaria? Abazali kule minyaka yobutsha bakhe bazama amalungiselelo nokubandakanywa, kodwa watsho phantsi. Ekugqibeleni ngo-1867, irhuluneli isaziso ipoi ukuba kungekudala watshata nomzala wakhe Nozipho. Umtshato ukuze izalamane ukuba ivalwe yi yamaKatolika iCawa, kodwa upopu, koko bekulindelekile zinikwe imvume yayo emtshatweni.

Oko laqala amalungiselelo kwiMibhiyozo. Ngokutsho urhulumente umqeqeshi odolo sverhdorogih yenziwe, kwaye ibonakele umzobo Queen Sofia kwi izitampu zokuposa. Kodwa ngomzuzu wokugqibela usuke umtshato 2 Ludwig yaseBavaria. Iifoto mibhiyozo elide ilindelwe kwaye zibonakele kumaphephandaba, yaye inkosi ekupheleni wahlala bachelor.

EBavaria - yinxalenye yoBukhosi German

Ngowe-1870, uKumkani Prussia wabhengeza nokudalwa uBukhosi German. Bayern waya kuwo emva Ludwig bacenga Otto von Bismarck. INkulumbuso wathembisa umvuzo inkosi enkulu imali. Ukongeza, eBavaria uthumele uncedo Prussia 55 lamawaka amajoni ngexesha Franco-Prussia War, emva koko ubukhosi zadalwa.

Ludwig wayesazi ukuba xa cala ilizwe lakhe uza, kwixesha elizayo lubekelwe inkululeko yakhe. Prussia kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ukuba amandla inkulu isiJamani yaye kungekudala kuza andisa abamelwane yayo. Kuba Bismarck inkxaso wohlobo akhethekileyo, kuba kuphela manyano Munich banelise alwayo nobudlova yezopolitiko eBerlin.

Ludwig waba nabahlobo abaninzi e Vienna, kodwa ekugqibeleni wagqiba kwelokuba aye Emva kwale nkqubo Berlin. Wakwazi bavumelane Bismarck imimiselo efanelekileyo eMunich. Kuyinto ngenxa ubukumkani Ludwig sigcine ukuzimela noko kwezepolitiki kwaye iminyaka emininzi kube nxalenye elizimeleyo bukhosi. Nkqu nanamhla salapha mmandla othambekele iqwalasela ayiyi kuphela amaJamani, kodwa ngokuyintloko balapho bomthonyama eBavaria. January 18, 1871 kwi-Ibhotwe Versailles, kwi eParis exakekile, Prussia Korol Vilgelm ebekwe uKhesare. Ludwig wayengekho kumsitho.

King-lokwakha

Ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe, Ludwig uqalise ukwakhiwa inqwaba zakhe ezinde. Bonke bephela zasetyenziswa zokuhlala inkosi yakhe. Eyona idumileyo (Neuschwanstein Castle) yakhiwa ngo-1884. Materials kuba kwaziswa kulo lonke eJamani. 2 Ludwig yaseBavaria, ogama itshixa zakhiwa iiprojekthi ngamnye, wagqiba ukuba umhombiso yokuhlala usebenzisa imifanekiso ophefumlelwe imiboniso evela opera Richard Wagner. YoMlawuli ixoxiwe imizobo umqambi kunye nezimvo amagumbi.

Kamva Neuschwanstein iye yaba liziko lokhenketho. Namhlanje, Bayern ufumana inzuzo enkulu ngokuthi ekutsaleni iindwendwe ezivela kulo lonke ihlabathi abafuna ukutyelela le ndawo emangalisayo. Nkqu uPyotr Tchaikovsky wayeyithanda emoyeni kwaye ubuhle nqaba. Bona waphefumlela umqambi ekushicileleni ballet "Swan Lake". Xa inkcubeko ethandwayo mihla Neuschwanstein waziwa kakhulu into yokuba layout yayo iye beluphindwe e Disney. Logo edumileyo studio, zikwenze iikhathuni, nayo iquka omhle wale nqaba. Kunye nezinye yokuhlala ethandwa, nto leyo eye wakha 2 Ludwig yaseBavaria. ubomi Personal uKumkani ndandililolo, wakha enqabeni emva enqabeni yomkhosi (Linderhof, iNdlu Schachen, Herrenchiemsee), apho bazifihla kwabanye. Namhlanje, zonke ezi iindawo ngamaziko yabakhenkethi. Apho kuphela ukutyelela naziphi iiholo yobukumkani, kodwa ukuthenga ibheji kundikhumbuza, ngembasa 2 Ludwig yaseBavaria kunye nezinye izinto kwinkumbulo.

Ukuvalwa kwe kumkani

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ubomi Ludwig 2 yaseBavaria waqalisa ukuphila ubomi reclusive. Umhlala ku Neuschwanstein - enqabeni yayo idumileyo. Ngenxa yoko, abalungiseleli kunye nezinye Abalawuli kweli lizwe, ukuze ufumane utyikityo nokumkani xa amaxwebhu kwakufuneka aye kukumkani waya ezintabeni. Kakade ke, abaninzi awonwabanga le miyalelo ezintsha.

Bodwa 2 Ludwig yaseBavaria cut kwaye uninzi abafowunelwa zabo. Abahlobo baqala ashenxele kude kuyo. Ukumkani wokugqibela waba ngumhlobo osenyongweni umzala wakhe uKumkanikazi Elizabeth of Austria. Yena, kanye umzalwana wakhe, wachaswa kowabo, wahlala nabanye kwabanye, hlale utyelela utyelelo lokuzalwa eBavaria wakhe. Ludwig wahlala ebusuku silala kuphela emini. Ngenxa yale mkhwa, waba yaziwa ngokuba "inyanga ukumkani".

savela wabonakala ngokusesikweni Ixesha lokugqibela zikarhulumente ngo-1876. Waya ukuvulwa yomthendeleko entsha Bayrotskogo eziququzelelwa Richard Wagner. Kamva Ludwig 2 yaseBavaria naqala kunokuba antsonkothileyo. Waqalisa sengqondo nankathalo kushishino, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba ebuncwaneni lalize, kunye namatyala awo yaya ikhula. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemali ukumkani kumiswe ukwakhiwa nezitshixo zalo ezintsha.

Amarhe malunga nesifo

iphutha elibi nokuba kuyabulala Ludwig yaba sisigqibo sakhe ukususa ngokwakhe ukusuka yokugqibela ezimbini bathembela kufuphi - oonobhala zabucala Schneider kunye Tsinglera. YoMlawuli waqalisa ukudlulisela odolo zazo ngokusebenzisa valets, kungekhona ngokubhala ngomlomo ukuba waba ngumhlaba otyebileyo lokusinyemba, ubuxoki, yaye ke ukumkani wenza ugcino kokusingqongileyo elizayo.

Okukhona ukumkani wayehlala yokuhlala yakhe, kahle, kokukhona kukho zonke iintlobo namarhe kwisigulo sakhe sengqondo. Mhlawumbi Ludwig 2 yaseBavaria edlalisa ngokuchasene nemvelo ngenxa ifuthe umzimba iziyobisi. Ngokomzekelo, wasebenzisa chloroform ukucima toothaches rhoqo.

iingxaki engqondo kunye namalungu eKhabhinethi Wittelsbach ubukhosi kwaye mhlawumbi ilifa. umzalwana Ludwig kunye ezihlangwini zakhe Otto I eneempawu ezifanayo, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba ngexesha izigqibo zakhe bolawulo baba regents. Efanayo ngeendlela ezininzi ukuhlola amarhe malunga impambano Neuschwanstein umnikazi. Umzala Elizabeth wacinga Ludwig umntu ome ababehlala ephupheni ehlabathini lakhe. Noko ke, enengqondo ephilileyo uKumkanikazi ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo.

Ungquzulwano kunye norhulumente

Umfundisi ukholelwa ngenye indlela. 2 Korol Lyudvig yaseBavaria waba kubo ingxaki enkulu. Ngenxa yokuba inkqubo karhulumente angabacingeli yakhe phantsi kwayo phezulu elele elukhukweni enedumbe. Ngo June, 1886, ukuba ebezibanjwe libhunga kumagqirha. Iingcali wathi inkosi ngamageza. Kule meko ke lodwa ubungqina amangqina, kodwa akazange ahlole isigulane.

Kodwa ugqirha lobuqu Ludwig Franz Karl Gershter wala atyikitye iphepha abamazanga crazy. Ngowe-1886, emva kokufa kumkani, wapapasha incwadi memoirs, leyo watyala amathandabuzo sigwebo le ikhomishini nangokuguka engqondweni. Ngenxa yale ncwadi Gershteru wanyamezela intshutshiso ngabasemagunyeni, yaye ngenxa yoko, wafudukela Leipzig.

Juni 9 urhulumente ndihluthwe ngokusesikweni Ludwig umthamo. Ngokutsho imithetho kwimeko enjalo, kwetrone kwafuneka ukuba aye Regent. Ebusuku, lo ikhomishini karhulumente safika Neuschwanstein, nto leyo 2 Ludwig yaseBavaria. Iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe akazange ashiye nqaba. IKhomishini wayethumele savela unyango. Nangona kunjalo, indawo yokuhlala amalungu ayo akuvumelekanga. Kwakufuneka ukuba sibuyele eMunich.

nokungalali amandla

UKumkani, eqonda ingozi meko, wagqiba kulwa abalungiseleli nge eendaba. Wabhala incwadi evulekileyo kuthunyelwa kubo bonke kwiphephandaba metropolitan. Bonke bephela, ngaphandle komnye, zaye abamba endleleni. Isikhalazo epapashwe iphepha elinye kuphela, kodwa olwandulela yokukhululwa amanani yendlu yoshicilelo kokuvalelwa zisuswe nenombolo. Urhulumente kufuneka ingqalelo kwangaphambili ukuze hayi, ukunqunyulwa kwakho abaxhasi kumkani.

Ukongeza kumaphephandaba 2 Korol Lyudvig yaseBavaria wabhala enye German tipolitiki. yocingo bakhe bafika kuphela Prime Minister Bismarck. Wacebisa inkosi ukuya eMunich bathethe ebantwini, ingxelo kwi utshintsho zolungiselelo. Ludwig akazange abe ixesha ukulandela eli cebiso.

Kwafika imini kwi Neuschwanstein ikhomishini entsha. Eli xesha oogqirha bakwazi ukufumana enqabeni yawo. Wabanceda ukungena footman, owasinika uKumkani. Ludwig isaziso unyango ngokunyanzelekileyo kwikliniki abagula ngengqondo. Ukongeza, i-Isithethi urhulumente ufunde incwadi amabango zolungiselelo ethile. Atyhola savela kwi gwenxa kwemali (ikakhulu imali waya ukwakhiwa iinqaba), non-inxaxheba kubomi yaseBavaria kunye nolwalamano zobufanasini. Ludwig wayengatshatanga, kungekho bantwana, kodwa waba oluninzi weenceke (umzekelo, nomdlali Yozef Kaynts eVienna).

ukufa

Eneneni wabanjwa Ludwig wathunyelwa enqabeni Berg, ibekwe kunxweme Lake Starnberg. Juni 13, 1886, sikhatshwe kwengqondo Bernhard von Gudden waya ngumoya epakini. Ababenabo orderlies ezimbini, kodwa unjingalwazi wabandulula, babuyela enqabeni yomkhosi. Emva kweso siganeko, akukho namnye wabona imvelaphi Gudden kwaye wahliswa ubomi ukumkani. Xa kweeyure ezimbalwa kamva babuyela Berg, kwingqwayi sungule ku kambisisa kubo.

Kungekudala, Lake Starnberg, izidumbu ezimbini kwafunyanwa - yaba unjingalwazi-2 Ludwig yaseBavaria. Biography of kumkani sele ugalelwe, kunye nesiphelo kwakhe ukugula ngengqondo kukhokelele urhulumente ukucebisa ukuba ukumkani waba wazibulala. Imvelaphi Gudden kwakhona batshoniswe naye, bezama ukusindisa umguli lithemba. Le nguqulelo yaba esemthethweni. Oogqirha, eziye sabona Wittelsbach yakutshanje, wathi awabenzayo akukho zimpawu impambano kwakunye wenza ngokufanelekileyo. Uluntu sele inguqulelo eqhelekileyo ukuba konke okwenzekileyo yaba ukubulala yezopolitiko. Urhulumente ngaloo Wazisusa lokumkani nzima. Akukho nanye kwezi ngcamango akukho bungqina bubambekayo, ngoko ke imfihlelo imizuzu yokugqibela yobomi Ludwig kuhlala engekasonjululwa namhlanje.

Ukumkani wangcwatyelwa eMunich, kwiCawa ka St. Michael. omlandelayo wakhe umninawa ka Otto I.