Yintoni i-West Asia kumaxesha amandulo? Lo mmandla, uphuhliso kwezizwe

Orientalism - ukuze ngokuba isayensi ufunda ngembali East Ancient. Kulo mzekelo, eli gama libhekisela ukuba akukho nengingqi. It is a ummandla yenkcubeko esigquma ntsimi Asian, kunye naseMntla Afrika, apho ngoku, njengokuba eMpuma, Muslim. Noko ke, Western Asia kumaxesha amandulo andibhangiswanga oko, njengoko sisazi namhlanje. Kwakunzima eyahlukileyo inkolo, inkcubeko, amasiko kunye nendlela yokuphila. Ngoku cinga ngokweenkcukacha oko imephu Western Asia kumaxesha amandulo, yintoni amasiko bekukho ukubaleka nokuba ngabantu ababephila ngaloo mihla.

kumhlaba

Okokuqala siza kujonga amazwe kummandla East Ancient. A usingasiqithi Malaya Aziya, apho namhlanje Turkey, i-Eastern lweMeditera, eMesopotamiya (Iraq yanamhlanje), yeSinayi Peninsula, Dolina Nila. Maxa wambi map of Western Asia kumaxesha amandulo kwakhona kubandakanya kummandla Iran namhlanje, ngubani umntu kwamaziko zehlabathi uphuhliso. Noko ke, ukususela kwindawo geographical lwembono, ezi zinto kuba umbindi lizwekazi, kunye nenkcubeko yelo xesha, ayehlukile kakhulu ukusuka abanye ngasentla. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, le imida yandiswa ngendlela West Africa, kwaye ngasentla nangasezantsi kwi-Middle East. Culture saa kwaye ihlanganiswe kunye nezizwe wasentla.

Periodization kunye nobalo

History of Western Asia busuka emva 3100 BC. e., xa kwakhiwa ixesha dynastic ekuqaleni eYiputa. Ekuqaleni, eli lizwe yahlulwe North noMzantsi, Lower kunye Upper eYiputa, kunye nokuhlawula yayo (imizi kubiza ayikwazi kuba nabo) ebekwe kuphela kwi Valley umNayile. Ngowe-3060, wafika kuqala amandla (leyo idweliswe amaxwebhu phambi kokuba, kakade, kwakukho nezinye abalawuli) UFaro - Mina, okanye Menes. Wahlanganisa zonke iintlanga kunye nemimandla, waqala ukuzivakalisa inguquko bangazivayo wonke umhlali bempahla yakhe.

Impucuko yesibini inkulu kuMbindi Mpuma - lo Sumerians kunye Akadi, owayehlala eMesopotamiya. Ubalo lwabo iqala kancinane kamva - ngo-2900 BC. e. Abantu balapha baphila njani eYiputa - ngasechwebeni iTigris nomEfrate. A phawu uphawu abantu yengingqi uhlanga lwabo. Sumerians - abantu, nto leyo ngoku ndicinga ukuba ziphele. Bathi, omfuphi encinane, yokwakha obukeka. Akadi kwakhona ingqalelo iminyanya Arabhu mihla - ubude ezibhityileyo, abantsundu ngebala. Ezi izizwe ezweni labo ixesha elide kwabonakala ukuba uphila wedwa, kodwa kule nkulungwane yama-21 BC. e. bamanyene ebukumkanini yaseSamariya-isiAkkadia phantsi kolawulo lokumkani yokuqala - Urukagina.

Egypt kunye nendlela yayo yophuhliso

Emva kokuba igunya, emigodini yokuqala kuFaro elizweni ukusungula inkqubo enye nesakhiwo solawulo karhulumente imida. Ukusuka kwakhona luqala amakhosi eyaqhubeka de namashumi Ekuqaleni kwexesha elitsha. Eyona uphawu weYiputa yamandulo ukwakha iiphiramidi, ezibe iibhokisi ze koFaro abangasekhoyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba West Asia kumaxesha amandulo yaba kummandla yobuhedeni, kwaye ilizwe ayikho umnyinyiva. AmaYiputa bayeke ngendalo, izilwanyana kunye nabaphathi babo. Enye into ebalulekileyo kukuba iYiputa lizwe kuphela kwingingqi eye simanyene, nayo yonke imizi subordinated kurhulumente kazwelonke.

EMesopotamiya kunye neempawu zayo

West Asia kumaxesha amandulo sidla iyihlanganise kunye kummandla kweMilambo, apho kulala ngoku ngamaqhekeza zaseBhabheli iNineve. Ngokungafaniyo oluyintloko laseYiputa, ngoko alawulwa yi umzi-karhulumente. Ezinye zazo amanyene uhlobo lizwe, kodwa kumaxesha okuqala kwamandla iyonke wayengekho apho. Ngokwemiqathango yophuhliso abantu eNtshona Asia, owayehlala ekwelaseMesopotami, wasondela kakhulu phambili. Basebenzisa inkqubo zokunkcenkceshela zoku-, baba amasimi zentlalo, iifama, kwaye nkqu umkhosi. Imbonakalo yokugqibela negalelo longquzulwano esisigxina ezazikho phakathi Sumerians kunye Akadi. Emva ubukumkani yaseSamariya-isiAkkadia yaphela, eMesopotamiya yahlulwa kwiindawo ezimbini: emzantsi kwakukho lokumkani laseBhabheli, kunye emntla - Asiriya. Ezi impucuko enkulu kusekho ingxaki kuyimpikiswano obungunaphakade kunye imfihlelo-mbali.

EAnatolia ne Eastern Mediterranean

Kwakuba mzuzwana emva kwe eYiputa naseMesopotamiya, saqalisa ukuba umzi-karhulumente, apho ibekwe phezu kunxweme empuma yoLwandle iMeditera. Ngokuphathelele eAnatolia (Turkey) ngoko kwasekwa ubukumkani umHeti - karhulumente omanyeneyo womelele, oye waba neentlobano ngokuqinileyo North Afrika neMesopotamiya. West Asia kumaxesha amandulo kwakhokelela imfazwe rhoqo ezi ntlanga zichasene nayo. Ngenxa ukufunyanwa rhoqo mmandla, abantu kufakwe. Emva kweenkulungwane lokufuduka ngenkani kwasekwa intsapho Afro-Asia yobuhlanga eyaziwa kuthi namhlanje. Le ibandakanya ikakhulu Arabhu ndibala efanayo kummandla kuMbindi Mpuma, nolwenzelwa indawo geographical ka-West Asia kunye naseMntla Afrika.