Yathatha Bangaphi Iminyaka War?

Ngokutsho kwizithethe zembali, i Iminyaka Elikhulu War phakathi eNgilani France - uthotho kwiimfazwe zilandelelana, eyathatha ukususela 1337 ukuya 1453.

Oku yaphela ngo-Oktobha 19, 1453 ekuyekweni kaNdikhoyo ekampini British e Bordeaux kwaye ishiya Calais, i IsiNgesi ilifa yokugqibela eFransi.

Ezifuneka phambili ukuze iingxabano lonke elo xesha, njengoko Iminyaka Elikhulu War lasted, baba kwixesha elidlulileyo elikude, nkqu ebukumkanini koloyiso lukaWilliam. Xa Norman Duke William ngo1066 emva kokuphumelela Idabi Hastings waba nguKumkani entsha eNgilani, wathelela eNgilani dukedom eNormandy, na ku France.

Xa amazwe Henry II Plantagenet yelo eNgilani, eFransi, banzi, kodwa ookumkani uza kuma esikhundleni salowo, abafumane zinkulu kakhulu kwaye unmanageably.

Ngowe-1327 eNgilani eyayibanjwe eFrance, kwimimandla amabini kuphela - Aquitaine kunye Ponthieu.

Xa wokugqibela French ookumkani ukusuka indlu Capetian Charles IV wafela naseNice 1328, inkunzi isihlobo usenyongweni ukuba umtshana wakhe Edward III IsiNgesi (umama wakhe waye udade Isabella intombi ka-Charles kunye Philip IV i-Fair).

Osesikhundleni French kwakhona bafuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba itrone ahlala uPhilip Valois hlobo (njengoko Korol filipp VI), hayi nje kuphela ngenxa yokuba amalungelo Edward ukuya isithsaba French bawela phantsi umgca ababhinqileyo. Okokuqala, yona indoda yeNgesi, Olwa ke -nepodhodyaschim. Edward III, ukuba ngaye, waba nomsindo wayeneminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu ubudala, kodwa ndandingakwazi ukwenza nantoni na.

Ngowe-1337, nguFilipu sisohlwayo oko Edward ayemzonda umzala kunye utshaba ngoFilipu Robert d'Artois, wafuna ukubuya Aquitaine. Edward, ukuphendula linganyanzelisa ukuba kuye isithsaba yaseFransi kwi imithetho imvelaphi, wathi imfazwe kwi uFilipu.

Bala ka eFlanders inkxaso amabango British kwixesha njengoko Iminyaka Elikhulu War yathatha, ngenxa yokuzingca - phakathi eNgilani eFlanders ngaphandle wathwala amalaphu zorhwebo kunye uboya eyinzuzo elinganayo. Iindwalutho UBrittany kunye eNormandy, iye Washumayela kunye amaNgesi babesoyika nolangazelelo abo babefuna ukwenza ubukumkani ezisembindini France olomeleleyo.

Ngowe-1340, ngokusesikweni Edward wagabadela isihloko "nguKumkani France kunye ingubo French yasebukhosini iingalo." mbali Modern kukho ingxoxo-ukuba benikwamkela athi itrone France. Kodwa ke nantoni na amabango okanye amathemba, wamnika zokunqika ezibalulekileyo neentlobano zokwazana uFilipu. Ngenxa lo msebenzi, enokukucaphukisa ingxaki ngaphezu kwesinye, ukukhuthaza abantu abanganelisekiyo French khetha ukumkani esikhundleni uFilipu, ukuba ungayisebenzisa njengendlela enamandla isixhobo-thethwano, idini ukunikezela concessions ezinkulu sendawo ku France kutshintshiselwano isithsaba.

Ebudeni abaninzi side War Iminyaka ', i-IsiNgesi iphumelele uloyiso ndiyincutshe Idabi Crecy ngo-1346, e Poitiers ngo-1356, ze Agincourt ngo-1415. leshumi athungwe eNgilani xa uHenry V wathabatha ulawulo Paris, eNormandy, uninzi emantla eFransi. Watshata intombi ka-Charles VI i Mad Ekaterine Valua kwaye banyanzelisa ukumkani isiFrentshi bamazi ibamba waseFransi kunye ezihlangwini ukuya etroneni isiFrentshi.

Ngowe-1422, uCharles uHenry wafa. Dauphin Eight eFrance ngo 1429 isithsaba Charles VII, uJoan of Arc waphefumlela uloyiso phezu IsiNgesi.

Henry VI ukumkani IsiNgesi kuphela, ngokwenene isithsaba njengoko uKumkani France eneminyaka engama elishumi e Paris ngo-1431. Kodwa indawo ngokuthe ozimeleyo kwelinye icala Channel, eshiya phantsi kolawulo yaseBritani.

Ngowe-1436, i-French Aquitaine waphuphuma waza wathabatha Bordeaux, lowo ezandleni British iminyaka emakhulu mathathu, kwaye embindini worhwebo iwayini elichumayo. Abemi isithunywa wafika eNgilani ngowe-1452, ukuze ucele uncedo Henry VI.

Zonke izimpi zomkhosi njengoko Iminyaka Elikhulu War lasted, eyayibanjelwe e-France. Kukholelwa ukuba abemi lizwe ngeli thuba lihle ngesiqingatha.

Force amadoda angathi 3000 phantsi umyalelo Dzhona Talbota, Earl of Shrewsbury, bafudukela eFransi. Talbot wakwazi ukuba aphinde kakhulu yentshona Aquitaine, kodwa ngoJulayi 1453 umkhosi French woyiswa yi-IsiNgesi kwi Castillon, kwaye Talbot, i noyinkokheli, bayinqule isiFrentshi kunye yaseBritani, babulewe.

Xa kwacaca ukuba akukho kuphinda ukufika akukho uncedo eNgilani, Bordeaux wanikezela ngo-Oktobha, ekuphawuleni ekupheleni kwemfazwe. lathatha Mingaphi iminyaka kaHameha Iminyaka War bebonke? Lufikelela kuyo isithuba seminyaka 116 (ukususela 1337 ukuya 1453) kunye ephazamisa okanye ngaphantsi ixesha elide. Nangona kubekho kungekho mfazwe ezibalulekileyo ukususela 1453, ngokusesikweni Iminyaka Elikhulu Imfazwe yaphela Agasti 29, 1475 ngokutyikitya isivumelwano soxolo e Pikine phakathi iNkosi uLouis XI of France kunye uKumkani eNgilani , Edward IV.