Xa wazalwa waza wafa Bunin? Ivan Bunin: iminyaka yobomi

abafundi abaninzi bayazi xa wazalwa waza wafa Bunin. Yaye khumbula ukuba bangaphi ukuba imbongi Russian enkulu umbhali, owabhala malunga ekuweni yezikhulu Russian? Kwaye, mhlawumbi, bambalwa kakhulu abantu bazi ukuba Ivan ngumbhali wokuqala Russian ngubani ophumelele iBhaso yeNobel ngo-1833. Kwaye ukuze siqonde indlela iphumelele iziphumo ezinjalo, kufuneka kancinci uqhelene ngobomi bakhe.

Ebuntwaneni ikamva ophumeleleyo

Ngowe-1870, e-Voronezh, kwilifa ngabazali babo, yena wazalwa umbhali elizayo Ivan Bunin. Uyisemkhulu Ivan waba mhlaba nempumelelo kakhulu. Kodwa emva kokufa inkosikazi yakhe, waqala ngokungenangqiqo echitha imeko. Kwaye oko kuncinane washiywa kuwo emva, Bunin uyise propyl kwaye ezilahlekileyo etafileni ikhadi. Ekuveleni kwenkulungwane ithamsanqa ekhaya phantse ndidiniwe. Umbhali elizayo Bunin ukususela ebuntwaneni zabona ukudinwa olukhulayo entsapho.

Uninzi ebuntwaneni Ivan wachitha kwilifa usapho, apho leva ubomi abalimi. Ngowe-1881, wabhalisa kwisikolo sikarhulumente Yelets, kodwa emva kweminyaka emihlanu yokufunda iye ngaphandle ngenxa yeenzima zemali intsapho yaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba abuyele ekhaya.

Bt imisebenzi, okanye abantu abatsha

Xa eneminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe, Ivan neqembu yakhe ukuba ibe yimbongi. imibongo yakhe wabonakala kulindixesha St. Petersburg "Homeland." Ngowe-1889 Ivan Bunin akamsukela umzalwana wakhe omdala, owaba negalelo elikhulu eKharkov. Apho wathabatha kwisikhundla segosa kuqala, kwandula ke uthatha umsebenzi umncedisi kwi umhleli kwiphephandaba lasekuhlaleni "Orlovsky iGazethi".

Ivan uyaqhubeka ukubhala, yaye abaninzi amabali zakhe ziye zapapashwa kwamanye amaphephandaba kunye neemagazini. Eli xesha fanele ulwalamano lwakhe elide kunye umqeshwa iphephandaba apho asebenza, Varvaroy Paschenko. Emva kwexesha elithile, ndawonye bafudukela Poltava. Bunin uqala ukuba akhokele i imbalelwano esebenzayo kunye Antonom Chehovym, yaye ethubeni baba ngabahlobo abasenyongweni kakhulu. Kwaye ngo-1894, Ivan wadibana ne-Leo Tolstoy. Wazithanda imisebenzi Leo Tolstoy, kodwa izimvo zabo zentlalo yokuziphatha eyahlukileyo.

Ukuthandwa omkhulu nolwamkelo kawonke

Xa wazalwa wafa Bunin, Kakade ke, kufuneka ukuba uyazi, kodwa kwakhona 'umdla ukwazi, kodwa xa wapapasha incwadi yakhe yokuqala. Kwaye oko yapapashwa ngowe-1891 e-Orel. Ngaba incwadi yemibongo ebhalwe kwixesha ukususela 1887 ukuya 1891. Ngaphezu koko, amanye amanqaku, izincoko kunye Rasskazov Ivana Alekseevicha, apapashwa ngaphambili kumaphephandaba asekuhlaleni kunye neemagazini baqalisa ukuba avele iimpapasho ngamaxesha of St. Petersburg.

Ngo-1900, ngaphezu kwekhulu imibongo epapashwe Ivan Bunin. imibongo yakhe yaba kakhulu uluhlu olubanzi kubafundi. Kwangaxesha nye, translation yomsebenzi "Ingoma Hiawatha" wawongwa Pushkin Prize, kwakunye imbasa yegolide le Russian Academy of Sciences. Abahlalutyi abaninzi noogxa zivavanywe nokunqaba italente yakhe, lobuhle ukucacisa izimvo.

Ngowe-1899 Bunin utshata Anna Nikolaevna Tsakni. Yena waye intombi yamaGrike nokuceba Odessa. Ngelishwa, umtshato wayemfutshane, kwaye kuphela umntwana wafa eneminyaka engama emihlanu. Kwaye kakade ngo-1906 uIvan uhlala civil union kunye Vera Nikolayevna Muromtseva. Nje kuphela iinyaniso malunga xa wazalwa waza wafa Bunin, abanomdla intsingiselo, kodwa inkcazelo malunga ngobomi bakhe buqu kunye nemisebenzi ezilulutho kakhulu abo bafunda ubuntu Ivana Bunina.

Le nguqulelo umbongo iprozi

Ekuveleni kwenkulungwane Ivan wenza utshintsho olukhulu ukususela umbongo iprozi, oko waqala ukutshintsha ifom kunye nemvakalo, waba ngakumbi lungelelanisa. Ngowe-1900 wapapasha inoveli "Apples isemoyeni", apho kamva sade ifakiwe zezifundo iincwadi yabonakala njengoko wobugcisa wokuqala wokwenene Bunin.

Ayephila saphawula imveliso ekhethekileyo. Umntu wabonisa ngendlela ezizodwa zolwimi, inkcazo ngokungangqalanga ngemvelo kunye nocazululo olunzulu kwengqondo, ngoxa abanye babona ukuba njengokuba imveliso ibe uhlobo nostalgia ngenxa elidlulileyo yezikhulu Russian. Noko ke, iprozi Bunin kaThixo buya ethandwa kakhulu.

imisebenzi aziwayo, okanye imbali yentsapho yakhe

Ngowe-1910 Ivan yakhethwa njengoko elinye lamalungu elinambini ngokupheleleyo Russian Academy of Sciences. Ke kunyaka olandelayo epapashwe ngokupheleleyo inoveli yakhe yokuqala, "The Village", nto leyo ichaza ubomi limfiliba kweli lizwe, nto leyo ebonisa indlela baziziyatha epheleleyo, inkohlakalo nogonyamelo. Kwaye ngo-1911, wapapasha inoveli yakhe yesibini - "Dry Valley".

Apha uchaza imeko ebuhlungu yoluntu lali Russian. Kwakhona kukho inkcazo nostalgic lo, uhageleyo wabanumzana Russian, ezisekelwe kwibali lokwenyaniso nentsapho yakhe. Kwaye kwakhona, neprowuzi Bunin wahlula nabagxeki zoncwadi ngokoluvo lwabo. I Democrats Social ziye zaphawula ukunyaniseka kwakhe epheleleyo imisebenzi, kodwa nabanye abaninzi bothuka gqitha elibi copyright.

Ukuqhambuka yemfazwe, okanye noyike ikamva karhulumente

Bunin waza Muromtseva wachitha ntolovelo ezintathu ukususela 1912 ukuya 1914 kunye Mxim Gorky kwi kwisiqithi Capri. Apho wadibana ne-Fedorom Shalyapinym kunye Leonidom Andreevym. Xa leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, Ivan wabahlula ixesha lakhe phakathi eMoscow kunye kwilifa nosapho. Waye rhoqo haunted ixhala ukuya Russia ka elizayo. Nokuba ukuqhubeka nokubhala kweli xesha Ivan Bunin? Njengemibongo okanye iprozi? uya revolution emsebenzini wakhe njani?

Ivan uyaqhubeka ukusebenza nzima. Ebusika ka-1914 bagqiba umthamo entsha kwezibongo iprozi ebizwa ngokuba "Cup of Life". Kwaye ke ekuqaleni konyaka olandelayo yanyatheliswa, kwaye kananjalo ingqalelo ngokubanzi. Kulo nyaka kubhaliwe ipapashwe "Le Gentleman eSan Francisco". Mhlawumbi edume kakhulu amabali ezabhalwa Bunin. Iminyaka yokuphila wachitha eRashiya, yafikelela esiphelweni. Ekusuhi uguquko kuya kunyanzela umbhali enkulu ukuba ashiye ikhaya lakhe.

Revolution no Ivan

Ivan bayibona unkwantyo nomonakalo obangelwa ndawonye ngexesha Russian Revolution of 1917 ngonyaka. NgoAprili waloo nyaka ndanahlula zonke amatyathanga Gorky, ongazange wachacha, nangoMeyi 21, 1918, Ivan Bunin kunye Muromtseva wafumana imvume esemthethweni ukuhamba ukusuka eMoscow. Bafudukela Odessa. Apho Ivan wahlala iminyaka emibini ngethemba lokuba White uya kukwazi ukubuyisela umyalelo. Kodwa kungekudala isiphithiphithi revolution basasazeke karhulumente.

NgoFebruwari 1920, Bunin basuka ababekhwele kweso sikhephe yokugqibela French uvela Odessa namanye baseRashiya anti-, kwakunye ekugqibeleni kuhlala Grasse, kumazantsi eFransi. Ngokucotha ebuhlungu soyise ntshikilelo ngokwasengqondweni, uIvan ubuyela yokubhala yakhe. Ayikwazi ukuphila ngaphandle usiba kunye nephepha Ivan Bunin.

Iminyaka yobomi bakhe, yena achitha phesheya, nayo iphawulwe iincwadi zakhe eliqela ngemisebenzi ezintsha zoncwadi. Yena lipapasha umsebenzi pre-owaguqula bakhe, amabali, rhoqo inegalelo umatshini yokushiywa Russian. Noko ke, kunzima kakhulu ukuba ingasetyenziswa kwihlabathi elitsha, yaye wayekholelwa ukuba Ndithelekelele yakhe elahlekileyo ngonaphakade.

Xa wazalwa waza wafa Bunin?

Ivan ngumbhali wokuqala Russian ngubani ophumelele iBhaso yeNobel ngo-1933. Wafumana Sithi halala ukusuka kwinani elikhulu zizifundiswa kulo lonke ihlabathi, kodwa hayi ilizwi elivela Soviet Russia, apho igama lakhe kunye ncwadi umlomo. Ngexesha yokushiywa Bunin wabhala ezininzi imisebenzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle, phakathi kwabo sele kakhulu zithandwa "Uqalekisiwe Days", apho umbhali uchaza iinkcukacha amandla eSoviet.

Owazalwa ngo-1870, uIvan yaba yindlela entle kakhulu ubomi. Wanyamezela leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, igazi Russian Revolution, ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic waza wasweleka ngomhla November 8, 1953, egumbini lakhe Paris. Ekhaya, akazange wabuya.