Anna Akhmatova kaThixo "Requiem": Uhlalutyo imveliso ye

Ubomi yale Imbongi Russian kuhlangene ne bayahlelwa welizwe lakhe. Kwimibongo yakhe kulula ukuba ukulandela, retaining irhintyela wolawulo yileyo kukududuzela ngakumbi sokumpompa. Kwaba kuloo minyaka ezoyikekayo, waza wadala umbongo, apho zonke Anna Akhmatova wavula - "Requiem". Uhlalutyo le mveliso ukuqala, xa kubhaliweyo. Ukususela 1935 ukuya 1940. Kwadlula iminyaka emithandathu ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukugqibezela lo mbongo, kwaye qho ngonyaka, ngenyanga kunye ngosuku zenziwa ukuba basele bentlungu nokubandezeleka.

Lo mbongo iqulathe izahluko ezahlukeneyo, yaye ngamnye kubo umbono wabo. Kukwakho ke epigraph, nto leyo landulelwa Akhmatova kaThixo "Requiem". Uhlalutyo ezi imigca embalwa ibonisa isizathu sokuba Anna bazitshitshisela ingcamango yokushiywa Russia. La mazwi athi "ndiya kuba nawe kubantu bam, apho abantu bam, ngelishwa, waba 'brilliant ngokonga gqabagqaba nentlekele elo xesha. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, loo epigraph kwabhalwa iminyaka engamashumi amabini ananye emva kokuba mbongo, ngo-1961, emva kokuba' uyise abantu 'ukufa.

Isahluko "Endaweni yokuhlala kuloo Intshayelelo" Kwakhona busuka emva 1957 .. Imbongi ingqalelo ukuze isizukulwana esitsha ethe ayilibonanga umvambo "Yezhov ngesothuso" izothuso era Beria, ibali akukacaci. Unyana ka-Anna, Lva Gumilova, abathathu babanjwa kule minyaka. Kodwa hayi ngayo intlungu yakhe yobuqu uxelela Akhmatova. "Requiem", uhlalutyo ukuba wenziwe ukuba ukutyhila zomaleko zinzulu zonke poetics ngaloo minyaka, ubalisa ibali kwentaba, "nto leyo ukhalela abantu stomilonny."

Akhmatova ezinqabeni, kulinganiswa njengoko hum yomngcwabo yokhaliso imigca esibonisa umzobo eSoviet Union: ezingenakubalwa oomama, nabafazi, oodade bayakrexeza oomolokazana emi emigceni belinde window entolongweni kugqitha phezu kwabo ubathandayo yakutya artless, kunye abangenazimpahla zifudumeleyo. Uhlobo kunye nobukhulu lonke utshintsho kumjikelo ombambazelayo: kuyo anapaest trehstopny, le vesi free, le ferrets chetyrehstopnym. Akumangalisi, ngenxa yokuba wadala Akhmatova kaThixo "Requiem". Uhlalutyo lo mbongo ivumela onxusene ngqo kunye iqhekeza umculo ngu Mozart, owabhala isimbonono yomngcwabo ungumthengi engaziwa emnyama.

Kanye njengokuba kwi "Requiem" misebenzi umqambi, kulo mbongo kwaba bathengi. Intloko "Ukuzinikezela" ibhalwe iprozi. Umfundi ufunda ukuba oku zakazchitsa - "umfazi ngemilebe blue", simi efolisiweyo efanayo Akhmatova eLeningrad ukuya window emnqamlezweni. "Ukunikezela" yaye "Entry" kwakhona zibeka umda zocindezelo bahlasela lizwe: "Uphi na intombi unwitting ... kwiminyaka esinomgada?". Ten izahluko ezilandelayo, ezo zibizwa ngokuba "isigwebo", "Ukuze Ukufa" kunye "I Emnqamlezweni", kwakhona gxininisa ukuba wayefuna ukudala Akhmatova kaThixo "Requiem". Uhlalutyo inkonzo yomngcwabo siyohlala angathabatheki kaKristu nomgubo nomama - nayiphi unina.

"UYobi", ophela nge imveliso, kubaluleke kakhulu. Apho imbongi kwakhona ukhumbula abafazi abaninzi kunye elidlulileyo zakhe zonke izangqa isihogo, yaye sinika uhlobo lomnqophiso ombambazelayo: "Ukuba ngonaphakade kweli lizwe ukwakha Wakhulelwa Isiboniso sesikhumbuzo mna ... [makabe wawubeka phambi entolongweni" iminqamlezo "] apho ndimi iiyure ezimakhulu mathathu, Nezingathanga ukuvula ibha kum. " Uhlalutyo yemibongo Akhmatova kaThixo, imisebenzi yakhe ixesha elide azibhalwanga kwiphepha (kuba kubo ezweni), kodwa kuphela okwenziwa yi ngentliziyo, eyapapashwa ngokupheleleyo kuphela ngexesha perestroika, isixelela ukuba logama njengokuba elingayizalisanga ukuthanda imbongi, kunye lesikhumbuzo ukuba akayi kuvuka kwi "umnqamlezo" nelinethunzi totalitarianism iya sanekwe lizwe.