Grossman, "Ubomi and Kwangaphambili": Isishwankathelo kunye nohlahlelo imifanekiso amaqhawe

Vasiliy Semenovich Grossman - umbhali, lo abanamakhono kakhulu kwaye nobuyinyaniso umsebenzi wakhe lwapapashwa kuphela kwisithuba obuhle. A ngezemvelo imfazwe , walityhutyha IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic abona Stalingrad Battle. Ukuba ezi ziganeko iyabonakaliswa umsebenzi wakhe Grossman. "Ubomi Kwangaphambili" (isishwankathelo kuyo, kwaye iya kuba umxholo wethu) - inoveli, nto leyo eyaba luvuthondaba umfanekiso leyinene Soviet.

Malunga inoveli

Ukususela ngowe-1950 ukuya 1959 wabhala kwinoveli uyindumasi Vasiliy Semenovich Grossman. "Ubomi Kwangaphambili" (isishwankathelo imveliso iya kunika ngezantsi) ligqibe dilogy, eyaqala umsebenzi "ngenxa yoko", njengoko zigqityiwe ngo-1952. Ke ukuba inxalenye yokuqala ubulungeleyo ngokupheleleyo waya izimiso ngokoqobo bobusoshiyali, yokugqibela ndazifumanela ngelizwi - bayiphosa ilothe ukuba ukugxekwa ngokuvakalayo ecacileyo kwiStalinism.

ncwadi

Kwi-USSR, inoveli yapapashwa ngowe-1988. Kwakunxibelelene kukuba akazange ne indalo umgca iqela Grossman wabhala. "Ubomi Kwangaphambili" (iimpendulo ekuqaleni noveli nje embi, loyikekayo) yathatyathwa "anti-eSoviet." Emva kokuba zonke iikopi zathathwa yiKGB.

Emva kokuba mbhalo ukhutshiwe, Grossman wabuza kwileta eya Nikite Sergeevichu Hruschevu nesicelo ukucacisa oko kuya kwenzeka incwadi yakhe. Kunokuba ungxamele ukuphendula umbhali wamenywa ukuba Central kwiKomiti, awazixela ukuba le ncwadi asiyi kushicilelwa.

Kuphela Semyon Lipkin (Imbongi eSoviet) yahlala ikopi kuphela umsebenzi, nto leyo eye lithatyathwe aphesheya iminyaka engama-70 kwaye, eSwitzerland, eyapapashwa ngo-1980.

Grossman, "Ubomi and Kwangaphambili": Isishwankathelo

Le ndoda endala Mihail Mostovsky, wamaKomanisi, wayithimba kufuphi Stalingrad. Iwela kwinkampu yoxinaniso eNtshona Jamani. Ukuba bobabini, loo ndoda uzive inkxaso: ezonda Menshevik Tchernetsov, kukho impikiswano Ikonnikov-Tolstoyan, uxinzelelo kakhulu kwi ezingqonge Major Yershov.

In Stalingrad eza Krymov. Yena - Umsebenzi kwezopolitiko kwaye kufuneka isigqibo umkomishinala imbambano nomwisimethetho elihamba webutho. Ekufikeni, icace phandle bobabini umphikisi wafa, yaye ebusuku Krymov ngokwakhe ukuba bazibandakanye ngokulwa.

Isenzo waya Kazan. Kukho sisazinzulu ukufudusa Victor Shtrum kunye nentsapho yakhe. Umfazi wakhe Lyudmila wayekhathazeke unyana wakhe umtshato wakhe wokuqala - malunga Tole, ngubani na ngoku kwi imfazwe. Kwakhona okukhathaza uhlobo elinzima intombi - Nadi. Shtrum unina, ungumYuda nje, waba benikwa, eseyiphantse nzima ukuze baphile.

Emva kwexeshana kuza ileta evela kumama ISAZINZULU kaThixo, uAnny Semenovny. Kuyo, yena nabantu utshintsho abonwabi wayesazi kudala: abaninzi babeyeka ukuncokola naye, ithe cwaka ukhahlelwe egumbini. Kwaye ke ngemini elandelayo eza kubanjwa isabelo ndibatshabalalise amaYuda, yaye kwincwadi ndlelantle unyana wakhe.

Asinto yinyani omhle nokobuqhawe kuko kubonisa Grossman. "Ubomi Kwangaphambili" (isishwankathelo, ngokuyinxenye ukuqonda, ingakumbi) lidlulisela yinkohlakalo eyoyikekayo kweminyaka yemfazwe, kwaye akafiki kuphela amaJamani.

Lyudmila esiva ukuba Toll wenzakala kwaye esibhedlele. Wakhawuleza waya khona, kodwa emva kwexesha - inkwenkwe iyafa.

UMkomishinala Tank Corps wamisela unobhala owayesakuba ikomiti wengingqi Hetman, owayehlala ubomi bakhe bonke yakucengacenga, yokulahlwa ubuxoki. Le migaqo ngoku ngenkuthalo uthwele kwimisebenzi yayo phambi-line. Naye umphathi lamajoni Novikov, owenza konke okusemandleni ukuba anciphise inani lamaxhoba. Ngoko izalele ukuhlaselwa kwemizuzu esibhozo, njengokuba kwangoko iletha Getmanov.

Novikov owayo uthandana Evgeny Shaposhnikov, owayesakuba umfazi Krymov. Adibana naye abuyele, kodwa walumkisa ukuba uza kumshiya ukuba indoda ungabanjwa.

Iwela ekuthinjweni German Nozipho Osipovna Levinton, ugqirha yomkhosi. Kunye namanye amaYuda sasimisile yayo ntli nokundulula iminquba. Apha endleleni ebona umntu omncinane imfuneko ukuze ibe iinkomo ongenagama. Apha adibana inkwenkwe, uDavide. Woman lithuthuzela emntwaneni lokugqibela, kodwa akukho lusindiso - phambi kwabo elinde ukuba ukufa esisi.

Stalingrad - Moscow

Isethi isiphelo oluntsonkothileyo kabuhlungu kuboniswe Vasiliy Grossman. "Ubomi Kwangaphambili" (isishwankathelo imveliso yenza kube lula ukubona kwakhona oku) - inoveli apho kungekho Ekukhanyeni ngokoqobo bobusoshiyali kunye nesiphelo imbopheleleko bonwabile. Ngoko ke, echaza uhlobo lo msebenzi, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukususa yinxalenye "ekuhlaleni", eshiya kuphela ngokoqobo ilizwi.

Krymov wafumana imiyalelo ukuya Stalingrad. Apho kufuneka ungenise ucwangco enkampini namahlakani, intloko yakhe, amaGrike, kukhokelela anti-kaStalin namabutho incoko. Ukuba kuyimfuneko Krimov ukuze aphelise umyalelo ovela Grekova.

Krymov kwelifunekayo ingcamango - ukubamba umphathi kwi anti-eSoviet. Ekugqibeleni, yena uya ukubhala ukulahlwa. Kodwa loo nto ayimenzi abe nexesha - wabulala amaGrike kunye namadoda akhe. Noko ke, iphepha uyakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wayo mdaka: umphathi akukho wabelwa uHero eSoviet Union kokufa isihloko.

Le ngxelo ubuyela nenkcazelo kwinkampu yoxinaniso, apho Masty uhlala. Apha zizama ukuyila umbutho komhlaba, kodwa akukho umanyano phakathi kwabakhonkwixeyo, abantu abaninzi musa sithembane. Ngoko ke, uMkomishinala Osipov likrokrela iingcinga abanganyanisekanga Ershov, inzalelwane iintsapho bawagqogqa, woyika ukuze bafumane eninzi igunya kwiqela. Ershov nxamnye izenzo kunye Kotikov, lweli iindlela Stalin kaThixo. Ngenxa yoko, isigqibo ukuba ikhadi Ershov kwibhokisi apho data bakhethwa ukuba kuthunyelwa yaseBuchenwald. Mosty abayithandi le mbono, kodwa yena uyavumelana uninzi. Ngelo xesha nye isixelela ntoni inkampani angaziwa amaJamani, lowo ngoko nangoko kutshabalalisa bonke abathathi-nxaxheba bayo.

Shtrum wabuyela eMoscow kunye kwiziko apho isebenza. Ugqibezela kwaye ashicilele umsebenzi physics enyukliya, leyo nangoko kubangela umdla amanqaku aphezulu. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba abeke phambili ngenxa Stalin Prize. Okwangoku, i-Institute ukuya amaYuda kuguga. Sturm izama kuma phezulu kubo, kukhokelela ekubeni imeko yakhe ziyingozi kakhulu.

Maxa wambi Shtrum sizibone Mariey Sokolovoy. Ngokuthe ngcembe uyaqonda ukuba uyamthanda umfazi, kwaye aphendule kuye imbuyekezo. Kodwa Maria Ivanovna watshata, yaye kungekudala esi sibini ifumana malunga neemvakalelo zakhe. Sokolov ethatha isithembiso umfazi azisakwazi ukuzifezekisa Shtrum. Kwangaxeshanye, yamachiza iqala intshutshiso.

ukumbamba

Phambi kokuvela Stalingrad Krymov wabanjwa waza wathumela eMoscow. Nguye e Lubyanka, apho nge nxaniso ezama ukunyanzela ukuba wavuma ukuba ngexesha Idabi Stalingrad wamngcatsha lokhokho. Krymov ixesha elide awuzukuphila kwezi zityholo.

Oku kuphakamisa le ngxaki umbuzo yamaYuda Grossman. "Ubomi Kwangaphambili" (isishwankathelo ngu izahluko) - proof ngaphezulu le. esengqiqweni kakhulu kwaye inemibalabala okuchazwe baiting Shtrum. Xa iphephandaba ziko apapasha inqaku buhlungu, physics bacenga ukuba akuthethe ibhunga wezifundo kwaye ukuvuma iimpazamo zabo. Shtrum uyala yaye akezi kwintlanganiso. Intsapho inkxaso yena nasekuvezeni imeko yezopolitiko kweli lizwe ukulungiselela ukubanjwa. Ngosuku olufanayo ebiza Shtrum Maria Ivanovna, wayezidla ngabo ujong.

Yemvelo wabeka angabikho emsebenzini, kodwa wabanjwa. Naye Ndoluphelisa lonke unxulumano abahlobo abadala kunye nezihlobo. Yena nentsapho yakhe - yodwa.

Kodwa lo msebenzi unomdla Shtrum Stalin. Academic nangoko ubuyisele amnike elebhu ukuze bazisebenzise.

Krymov ilala emva kokuba lokungangcungcuthekiswa-ofisi kwi Lubyanka, uyasiva ngundaba kuthinjwe Stalingrad. Ubona amaGrike eza kumkhawulela. Uyaqhubeka ngemibuzo kodwa akavuma ukutyikitya ukuvuma Krymov. Sirhoxiswe kwigumbi, apho efumana adlulisele abuyele nomfazi wakhe Eugenia.

Waphumelela ebusika, ehlathini spring unokuviwa isijwili ngalo mntu ubhubhileyo Ukuvuya ubomi obutsha.

Theme kanye umbono

Imiba emininzi bulumko zigutyungelwe kumsebenzi wakhe Grossman. "Ubomi Kwangaphambili" - isincoko apho imibuzo zaphakanyiswa ugonyamelo kunye nenkululeko, yomkhosi ubomi emkhosini. Imfazwe - hayi nje ukruthakruthwano phakathi imikhosi lwala mazwe mabini, yaye umzabalazo kumazwe ahlukeneyo, ezahlukeneyo iimbono ubomi. Waveza ingxaki zale umbhali lethu ixesha, ezichongwe ezingangqinelaniyo eziphambili leSoviet.

Ephothiweyo kuyo yonke impilo imveliso kunye umxholo isiphelo. Kulo mzekelo, bayahlelwa ibonwa njenge kokokunyanzelwa, akukho inkululeko, yengcinezelo evela kwabasemagunyeni, nobomi - inkululeko, ngamnye, alandelayo bekudla zakhe ngokweemvakalelo.

The main ingxabano

Ekubeni Lwavavanya isishwankathelo Romana Grossmana "Ubomi kunye Kwangaphambili", umfundi uyakuqonda ukuba imveliso engundoqo ungquzulwano - ubundlobongela impixano kunye nenkululeko, urhulumente kunye umntu. Ngokucacileyo le kuphikisana zibonakale kwindlela yokucinga Amaqhawe neziphumo ze repressions Stalin ngayo, i collectivization, "ubomi Abantu ezizodwa '.

Umbhali ukuzenza libonisa abantu bengcungcutheka phantsi kwedyokhwe lwamaNazi kunye kolawulo yiSoviet, ukufumana ezifanayo: abantu besifa, ngokuziphatha ezilihlazo, ukuqhubeka siyeke, ngamagwala nemizabalazo, bacaphuke elungileyo. Ukoyika othe waqala ukusebenza yingozi ngokulinganayo ebantwini. Oko kwenzeka akukho ngozi kwisicatshulwa yesifaniso rhoqo kukaStalin kunye Hitler. Iinkokeli ezimbini enye indlela sesichengeni - ikukudandatheka.

Isiphetho kwinoveli uvuliwe, umbuzo ayiphendulwanga kukuba ukuwina umntu - inkululeko okanye uhlobo wakukhonza.

Krymov

Baninzi abalinganiswa zibekwe yakhe Roman Grossman ( "Ubomi Kwangaphambili", sikhumbula, siye saxubusha namhlanje). Kodwa engundoqo encinane, kuquka uMkomishinala kunye yamaBolshevik Krymov. Wakhonza ubomi bakhe bonke ngokuthembekileyo ukuya revolution. Ekuqondeni kwakhe "ezilungileyo" - oku kuvelisa inzuzo kurhulumente. Ityala eSoviet Union ngaphezu zonke ezenzelwa kuyo. Nditsho lemfazwe, xa kukho abantu abafayo yaye kufuneka ucinge ngokulondoloza yena nezwe, ifika Stalingrad, ukulandela Grekov, ngubani na amarhe ukuba ngokuxhaphaza Stalin urhulumente.

Iimvelaphi kwizisele ye Lubyanka, jonga elitsha Krymov kaThixo ebomini edlulileyo, uzeke ityala lakhe. zisola kwakhe utyiwa ngenxa yokulahlwa Grekov.

Shtrum

Kulo mba, uTshawe kuphakamisa ingxaki kobudlelwane yamaYuda ngexesha lemfazwe, Grossman. "Ubomi and Kwangaphambili", isishwankathelo, uhlalutyo umsebenzi kunye nendlela yokuphila umbhali kunceda ukuqonda ukufutshane kangakanani isihloko zombhali. Shtrum - an yamachiza ebalaseleyo ubhaqo kabani sinokunceda urhulumente ukubethelela amandla akhe, kodwa wasinda bayaphoswa inkampu kaStalin ngenxa imvelaphi yabo.

Umfanekiso umdla kuba Grossman unika hero ukukhetha: ukuba amngcatshe ngokwabo, ngaphandle kokungena iphepha sokuzinikela, okanye uhlale ubambelele iinkolelo zabo, kodwa kwakhona esichengeni ubomi bakhe esichengeni. Shtrum uza ubugwala, yaye esi senzo kubiza imali eninzi ukuzisola.

Getmanov

Siyaqhubeka ibattery imifanekiso Amaqhawe inoveli, owabhala Grossman ( "Ubomi kunye IliShwa"). Ngokuchasene imvelaphi amaqhawe ezimbini ezidlulileyo umi Getmanov. Uye engayanga ukhetho, wayesele kudala wagqiba ukuba eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukwenza expediently. Ekuqaleni, oko isimilo ebukekayo kwaye ekrelekrele kakhulu. Waba ngokunyanisekileyo ngokugqibeleleyo isiphoso sabo kwaye akazi ukuba unalo "bottom wesibini." umzuzu kombisa yena sizixhalabise abasebenzi basezifama nemibutho abo phantsi imivuzo yabo.

isiphelo

inkcazelo inqabile kakhulu kwaye umdla ye kuStalin era Grossman thaca kuyo umfundi. "Ubomi Kwangaphambili", isishwankathelo apho singavavanywa - inoveli ejoliswe ekulweni totalitarianism. Akukhathaliseki nokuba ivakaliswa bolawulo lwamaNazi okanye eSoviet.