"Wafa imbongi ..." "Ukufa a Imbongi" Ivesi Lermontov kaThixo. Ngubani na enikelwe Lermontov "Ukufa imbongi '?

Pushkin and Lermontov - amagama amabini bafanelekile ukuba ngeenxa ngenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, ukuba bayalingana indawo zobuciko. Ngaphezu koko, imbali ngokwayo wayalela ukuba ukufa omnye waba njengesikhundla kwezinye ukuthandwa lonke.

ezimbini Genius

Xa 1837, ukufunda ngezinto ezimbini zokucwangcisa esibulalayo, ngoncwino longxwelerhiweyo, kwaye ngoko ke ukufa Pushkin, Lermontov wabhala ezilusizi "imbongi babulawa ...", naye ngokwakhe gqitha idume ngezangqa boncwadi. biography Creative uMikhail Yurevich uqala, imibongo zakhe zothando asusela kwiminyaka 1828-1829. Ubukhula ngokukhawuleza nje weengoma yena ineenkani, ebuhlungu, yokugcina Byronic. Ebangel na imibongo yakhe uthando - "UMUGQIBI", "Ngaba iinyawo zenu ..." kunye nabanye abaninzi, angatyhila umfundi umdlalo enzulu ngamava Lermontov kaThixo. Kanye, iphiko revolution, imibongo ifanelwe eninzi ingqalelo. Lifikile ixesha lokuba ingqesho mfutshane for uMikhail Yurevich. Ababhali abadumileyo kuthetha naye ngentlonipho ukuxela nekamva eliqaqambileyo. umfanekiso wakhe oqingqiweyo, utitshala yokomoya kunye nomcebisi ka Pushkin, Lermontov wathi. Ngenxa ubuhlungu ezifana ilahleko buqu, ubhala athi: "Yena wafa imbongi ..."

Legends namarhe

ukuba yayingekho eziqhelekileyo - akuzange kube lula. Nangona mbali kunye biographers, kancinci kancinci ukuqokelela ulwazi malunga okukhulu abantu, usebenziswano olukhulu nangoku uhlala ayaziwa. Ngoko kulo mzekelo - ngubani owaziyo - mhlawumbi ukuvula ngonaphakade ngaphambili izibakala engaziwayo, yaye ujika ukuba imbongi wafa, oko kukuthi, Pushkin, kodwa ubuncinane kanye phambi kokuba kunyikima izandla Lermontov okanye ukuchitheka naye igama friendly ... Ngelo, abahlobo ubuncinane kakhulu efanayo ukuba sahlutha. Gogol kunye nosapho Karamzin, Zhukovsky kunye Smirnova-Rosset, Odoyevski. Nditsho umninawa ka-Alexander, le playboy indefatigable Lovushka, waqubuda Lermontov e Pyatigorsk and Michel wazibonela ingxabano kunye "Monkey" - afunge "umhlobo" kunye nekamva ababulali bakhe Martynov. Kukho amarhe engangqalanga ukuba zombini ngqondi ezingekabonwa - encinane party wempangelo Vsevolozhsk. Noko ke, ukusondela umfanekiso wakhe oqingqiweyo uMikhail akazange abe nobuganga, wakhathazeka, nayo yonke Pushkin xa umntu ngexesha uphazamisekile ... Wafa ke imbongi, ngaphandle bethetha ezihlangwini zakhe elizayo engundoqo, ukuba intsingiselo yobomi ngenxa zombini: malunga ingqondo yemveli. Kodwa yaziwa ukuba Pushkin uye ngokuphindaphindiweyo wabonisa amandla kunye nobunzulu, iimpawu okhanyayo italente eliphezulu Lermontov.

History of indalo

Ngoko ke, ekuqaleni ngoFebruwari 1837 bothuka Petersburg, eMoscow, kwaye ke lonke Russia iziganeko ezibini, mhlawumbi obulinganayo. Eyokuqala - ukuba 'ilanga ilanga yemibongo Russian' ukuba Pushkin wafa. Kwaye ke wesibini - eqhelekileyo kwizintlu ukunkqaya, itshazile umbane eyinkunzi emantla, imveliso "Ukufa imbongi." Ivesi Lermontov waba isigwebo kubantu yehlabathi yaye bavakalisa ezo etroneni zemibongo wenyuka ke, ukumkani omtsha uncrowned. Ukusebenza imveliso, kuyabonakala ukuba, Lermontov waqala kamsinya nje akuba elivile amarhe malunga ezimbini zokucwangcisa enobungozi kwaye abalimele. Uhlelo lokuqala lisukela emva ngoFebruwari 9 (January 28), xa Wayesabathanda ithemba lokuba Pushkin wayeya kusinda. Nangona, zokulindela utyhilo ebuhlungu, uMikhail iphela athi "Yaye umlomo wakhe ushicilelo ...".

"Ukufa a Imbongi" (ivesi Lermontov kaThixo) zincediswa imigca-16 zilandelayo kaFebruwari 10, xa kwaziwe ukuba Pushkin akukho ngaphezulu. Kwaba lelo xesha ke, kamva wathi intatheli Pan, umsebenzi Lermontov kaThixo awo amawaka amaxesha, ukuba enqondweni.

"A imbongi eRashiya - ngaphezu imbongi!"

baduma umbongo xa lifikelele kwinqanaba lokuba oko wazisiwe kusini na malunga 'umntu omkhulu ". awasabela ngayo lo mlawuli kwangoko - nokubanjwa ikhaya, kwaye ngoko ke ikhonkco esilandelayo kwi "iindawo ezinochuku" eCaucasus. Lermontov wayegula ngelo xesha, kuba uBrigadier ayithunyelwanga. Kodwa umhlobo wakhe Rajewski, othe ngethuba uphendlo wafumana umbhalo okunene babanjwa kwaye ithunyelwe kwiphondo Olonets. Kuba yintoni na ihlazo ukhohlakele kangaka? Ngesikhundla kwabantu kunye nezentlalo-ezopolitiko esisiseko. Ngapha koko, ngubani na abazinikele Lermontov "Ukufa imbongi '? Hayi nje emangalisayo umbhali onesiphiwo Aleksandru Sergeevichu Pushkinu, akukho! Talent art Russian ibisoloko ngesisa eyaziyo, hayi ilizwe Russian skudeet unanamhla. umsebenzi Lermontov Pushkin kaThixo - mngeni yokunqongophala ngokomoya nobukhoboka, umpefumlo epholileyo, umoya ecocekileyo, i-free, hayi ezingcolisekileyo servility, ubukrwada kunye isimilo. Waza ke wabiza Pushkin isigqebelo siqiniseke: "Yena wafa imbongi! - udumo Khoboka iwile ... "Lermontov, la magama mabini kuyahambisana. Abongile oluyinene lukaThixo, iyafika awukwazi ukulala, wenze avanyisa, echasene isazela namabinza ephakamileyo yokuziphatha. Njengoko wathetha umsebenzi abahlobo ongasekhoyo, "imibongo kaMnu Lermontov balifililwe; bakwazi ukubhala lowo laziwa kakuhle kwaye wayemthanda Pushkin wethu. "

Ukubaluleka zembali

Lo mbongo "imbongi wabulawa" Lermontov kwenzeka iincwadi Russian ngokukhethekileyo. Enyanisweni, yeyona yokuqala kwaye inamandla ngokwemiqathango zobugcisa, le gabalala amanqaku zemibongo Pushkin - Amaxabiso "misebenzi emangalisayo" yaduma iRashiya. Kwangaxeshanye, kanye into yokubhala yakhe - ngesalathisi kunye nesazisi yesizwe Lermontov ngokwakhe, isikhundla sakhe yoluntu, yokuziphatha kunye nezopolitiko. Njengoko wabhala umgxeki Druzhinin, uMikhail Lermontov kuphela kuqala kuncwina imbongi, kodwa uza kuba ngowokuqala ukuba unobuganga ulijule "vesi intsimbi 'ebusweni abo gleefully ngokukhuhla izandla zakhe, wadlala ntlekele yenzeke. "Ukumkani ufile - Makadle ubomi ukumkani!" - ukuze akwazi kutyunjwe ukungaxoli malunga ingumnqa yembali ezinxulumene kokufa Aleksandra Pushkina kunye nento yokuba "imbongi wabulawa" (ivesi Lermontov kaThixo) wambeka phakathi ababhali eziphezulu Russian.

imibongo Uhlobo

"Ukufa a Imbongi" - ngaxeshanye ode umthendeleko uvuthondaba onzima. Lo mbongo iqulathe, kwelinye icala, nokubuyekezwa Rave malunga ungubani Pushkin omkhulu. Kwelinye - nomsindo cala ukugxeka nabagxeki bakhe, zezwe likhokelwa umlawuli kunye iindwalutho basondeleyo, intloko yamapolisa Benkendorf, nentaphane abagxeki censors, abangazange bafune ukuhlala kunye enyanisekileyo, inkululeko-unothando, esisilumko, enobuntu khanyisa iingcinga nezimvo yayize eluntwini. Ngoko ke yahlala iingqondo nemiphefumlo yabantu abatsha phantsi kwedyokhwe yokusabela kwezopolitiko. UMlawuli Nicholas akazange amlibale malunga iziganeko ngoDisemba 14, 1825, xa ezizanyazanyiswayo itrone abalawuli Russian. Yiloo nto "Ukufa a Imbongi", wayeyixabisa ngokucacileyo njengoko isibheno revolution. line Odic ebhalwe amisiweyo, isimbo "high" kwaye ziqulathe isigama esifanelekileyo. Satirical kwakhona zakhiwe izimiso engqongqo kubuhle. Ngaloo ndlela, Lermontov wenza umanyano ngokumangalisayo oluhle kwiintlobo ngeentlobo.

Ukubunjwa mbongo

"Ukufa imbongi" - umbongo kunye entsonkothileyo ngobulungisa ngexesha elifanayo ecacileyo, kakuhle wacinga-out kunye nemibutho nokwakheka. Ngokutsho umxholo kuyo i ngamaqhekeza ezikhethekileyo ngokucacileyo eziliqela. Ngasinye enengqondo zigqityiwe, oko zizakubalulwa nesimbo yayo, bokubanga zayo kunye mbono. kodwa ngokudibeneyo kwaye kuxhomekeke intsingiselo jikelele zomsebenzi. Ukuhlalutya ekwakhiweni, kunokwenzeka ukuba bachonge acinga ngayo lo msebenzi.

Umxholo, umbono, yingxaki

Inxalenye yokuqala iqulathe imigca 33, eNamandla, nomsindo, ugxininisa ukuba ukufa Pushkin - ". Ihlabathi" kungekhona ngenxa ngokwemvelo kweziganeko, kodwa ukubulala obunenjongo ngabom umntu, kuphela nawuphikisa iimbono Ukufa - sisohlwayo umzamo, ke ngoko, kuba wena, ahlale enyanisekile italente yakhe kwaye ikhowudi uzuko. Lermontov ngqo emxholweni yaye ichanile. Kuba ingumbulali ethile soulless kunye umzingeli "ulonwabo kunye ezintlwini" "abandayo-abantliziyo" yeyona ikamva ( "ikamva kubakho isivakalisi"). Le uMikhail ubona intsingiselo ntlekele, "inzala nebhongo i" odumileyo ubukrwada ukuzala anixoleli iintetho kokumgxeka xa idilesi yakhe. Bona makahloniphe ngamasiko lobuzwilakhe kunye serfdom, ngenxa yokuba - sisiseko kakuhle-ntle elidlulileyo zabo, ngoku nakwixesha elizayo. Yaye wonk 'ubani onobuganga zingenelele phezu kwabo, kufuneka kutshatyalaliswa! Akukho mba isandla French dantes, okanye nabani na ongomnye. Ngapha koko, Lermontov yena wafa kwiminyaka embalwa kamva yi "dantes Russian" - Martynov. Isigaba sesibini mbongo (imigca 23) lilingana kuphambuko kuso. UMikhail akuthethi kuthi emva ebuhlungu ngayo umzobo wakhe kakhulu kwaye dear kuye umfanekiso Pushkin. Le mibongo egcwele zemibongo amanani uchasaniso, imibuzo buciko, izikhuzo, njalo njalo D. Ingxenye yokugcina (imigca 16) -. Kwakhona uvuthondaba, isilumkiso sidwelise ephakamileyo, umgwebo kaThixo, ixesha inkundla kunye nembali ukuba uza kubohlwaya-mthetho kunye ithethelele abamsulwa. Umgca lesiprofeto, ngokuba le ndlela yenzeka ...