Uthintelo kunye nokukhuseleka okuchasene hepatitis B. Le lugonyo hepatitis B

Hepatitis B - sisifo wentsholongwane kaninzi ekhokelela nomonakalo wesibindi kunye nezinye iingxaki. Phakathi abemi behlabathi abantu abazizigidi 350 abantu bosulelwe yintsholongwane, apho malunga 250.000 kufa ngonyaka ngamnye ukususela isifo sesibindi. Nyaka ngamnye, ibhaliswe eRashiya yedwa ukuya kwiimeko ezintsha ezizizigidi ezingama-50 ka-hepatitis B, kwaye zizonke kukho malunga nezigidi ezingama-5 abathwali ntsholongwane.

"Senyongo" Le lugonyo hepatitis B yeyona ndlela kuphela oluthembekileyo ekuthinteleni intsholongwane. Esi usuleleko eziyingozi, nto leyo maxa wambi ayisichazeli ukuba iimpawu ezithile. Isifo esinxulunyaniswa kunye nempilo enkenenkene, ubuthathaka jikelele umzimba, ukungabi namdla, Ukwehluleka ukutya okunamafutha, izifo zesibindi, ukurhawuzelela kunye yellowing kwesikhumba. Ngelishwa, uhlobo yayiyazi sohlobo akusoloko okunyangeka, kwaye 5-10% yezehlo zibe esingapheliyo. Ke kunokukhokelela kwesibindi kunye umhlaza wesibindi. Kwiimeko kakhulu, nomonakalo wesibindi kwenzeka esinzulu ezinokukhokelela ekufeni.

Types of Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B Kukho iintlobo ezininzi kwaye kuboniswa ngeendlela ezimbini:

• olunamandla;
• ezigulo ezondeleyo.

Hepatitis ngendlela etsolo uvela ngoko nangoko emva kokuba ukudluliselwa kwentsholongwane kunye umntu uneempawu kakhulu. Kwezinye iimeko, esi sifo iba ifomu kakhulu kunye nobomi-ezisongela ebizwa fulminant. Ngaphezu kwama-90% ezigulane abadala hepatitis etsolo C baphathwa ngempumelelo, nabanye esi sifo kuba ezingapheliyo.

Ukuba umntwana osanda ikhontrakthi kwesibindi ukususela ngo-95% yamatyala esi sifo ingena uhlobo esinganyangekiyo. Ubuzaza nemiqondiso luhlobo sifo inokuba nomahluko kwaye ziyahluka ngaphakathi uluhlu olubanzi abathwali, kungekho naziphi na iimpawu de nqanaba ebonakalayo kohlobo, ukuqina lihamba. Esi sisifo kakhulu ophawulwa lilizwe eyodwa ijwabu zesibindi. Kukho utshintsho kwesakhiwo, ukuyilwa iinxenye siva, yenyathelela phantsi umzimba esisiseko.

isifo abanesifo indlela

Kohlobo B ntsholongwane ifumaneka kuzo zonke neencindi zomzimba umguli bosulelwe yintsholongwane. Isixa omkhulu umxholo ilifa igazi, amadlozi, netuwa lobufazi. virus ngokubonakalayo ngaphantsi xa umbilo, ematheni, iinyembezi, umchamo, kunye nezinye netuwa abantu nokomzimba.

Le ntsholongwane ezidluliselwa ngqo mucosal zoqhagamshelwano okanye ezonakeleyo ulusu inxalenye ulwelo yebhayoloji yolo abantu abagulayo.

Ugonyo nxamnye hepatitis B

Kumazwe amaninzi, hepatitis B ugonyo kufuneka ukuba kwindawo yonyango. Kubaluleke kakhulu ke ugonyo abasanda yintsholongwane kwiintsuku zokuqala yobomi babo. Kwakhona qiniseka ukuba isitofu sokugonya kunye nezo iindidi oluntu, ezifana:

• Izigulane abanezifo ezifuna ulawulo efakwa lwezitofu, igazi okanye olugqitha esikhumbeni;
• Abasebenzi bawo onke amaziko ezonyango;
• abafundela ubugqirha;
• Abafundi kokuya esikolweni nokuba isikolo aphezulu;
• amalungu entsapho kunye buyo ezingapheliyo sohlobo B;
• abantu badla ukuya kwiindawo kwizinga eliphezulu;
• abantu abangazange baye ukuba ukugonyelwa esi sifo.

Abo abanakwanela naluphi na udidi lomngcipheko, i-hepatitis B lokugonya ilawulwa ngokwesicelo sabo. Ubungakanani ukubuya kuvavanywa ngokusekwe indlela njalo watyelela utyando zamazinyo izithambiso, manicure, zokuzilungisa iinwele, iingongoma of delivery kunye igazi njalo. D. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ndlela iphambili wosuleleko ngokuhlangana xa nisabelana ngesondo, kwesibindi B lokugonya kufuneka kwenziwe ukuqinisekisa xa lingekho iqabane ngesondo rhoqo.

Ishedyuli nokugonywa

Ugonyo nxamnye hepatitis B ikhutshwa phandle ngenaliti intramuscular izihlandlo ezithathu kunyaka wokuqala wobomi, kwaye ke iyaphindwa yomphefumlo okwishumi elivisayo ngo-'14 kubekho isithuba seenyanga 0-1-6. Ugonyo nxamnye hepatitis B kukhokelela ukuvelisa zokuzikhusela antibodies ephilayo. Le nkqubo nayo yenziwe kubantu abangakhange zigonywe phambi kweminyaka eli-14, abasebenzi bezempilo kunye nabafundi zonyango, izigulane abanezifo ezingapheliyo kunye nezo kwindawo zabo. hepatitis egazini 5-10% amatyala iba ezingapheliyo, nto leyo enokukhokelela kwesibindi okanye umhlaza wesibindi.

Hepatitis B ugonyo oluqhutywa kwizigaba ezininzi. Le nkqubo inyanzelekile kubo bonke abantwana. Ishedyuli nokugonywa:

• kwedosi yokuqala - emva kokuzalwa, lo intramuscularly baby isitofu ngokuzitofela ngosuku lokuqala;
• idosi yesibini - kwiiveki 6-8 ubudala lokugonya ilawulwa intramuscularly;
• ithamo sesithathu - inyanga 7 ubomi lokugonya ilawulwa ngokunjalo.

ugonyo Ndlela usana nxamnye hepatitis B luphawulwa kwimemori omzimba ekuthiwa-ixesha elide, ngamanye emva kulawulo lwamachiza omzimba ixesha elide zigcinwe kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Xa kukho ingozi yosulelo kwaye uxhathiso intsholongwane iwile, kukho imfuneko kwakhona gonyo-.

A usana olusanda kuzalwa kakhulu iso abanesifo. Ukuba usuleleko kuye kwenzeka kweli xesha, umngcipheko yokuqhubela ukuba ukunyuka ezinganyangekiyo kwi-100%. Kodwa ke izinto ezifanayo omzimba ukuba ukudala serum okugonya kweli phakade, ngokuba zezona sizingise.

Abantwana ngoko nangoko emva kokuzalwa bagonywe kwi kwizibhedlele kubeleka. amaxesha ezimbini ngaphezulu - emva kwenyanga kunye iinyanga ezintandathu emva gonyo yokuqala. Le lugonyo hepatitis B kufuneka kwikliniki yabantwana. Necebo olufanelekileyo ugonyo ngaphandle izikhewu enikiweyo 100% sifo ilondolozwe, ubuncinane iminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu.

Kukho iimeko apho hepatitis B lokugonya akuthethi ukunika impendulo omzimba. Le yi-5% labantu bebonke. Ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba bakhangele ezinye iindlela zokukhusela le ntsholongwane, kusetyenziswa isitofu sokugonya kunye ugonyo nezinye iintlobo.

Inaliti nxamnye hepatitis B, akuvumelekile eRashiya

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukuphuhlisa izinto zale mihla kunye namalungiselelo ziqaliswe umzimba womntu ukukhusela kule ntsholongwane. ERashiya, wasebenzisa lugonyo hepatitis B, "Engerix-B", "Regevak B", "Eberbiovak HB", Sci-B-Vac, kukho amayeza igwele lugonyo hepatitis B. Ezi Amachiza ikakhulu ukuvelisa zisekelwe ezisegazini nyulu kumphezulu hepatitis B gciwane ezifunyenwe yi zobunjineli yemfuza ngokusebenzisa iiseli ezizalayo igwele wendele kwi aluminium hayidroksayidi. La machiza ekuba imveliso omzimba athile nxamnye HBsAg iantigens. Ngokutsho ulingo lwezonyango, ugonyo nezi arhente inika ukhuseleko olusebenzayo ngokuchasene sifo 95-100% zeentsana, abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abasemngciphekweni. 95% of iintsana kunye noomama, ngubani ububonile iantigens ezikhuselweyo ngokupheleleyo kusulelo hepatitis B emva kogonyo scheme 0, 1, 2, iinyanga ezili-12. okanye 0, 1, iinyanga ezi-6. Xa abantu enempilo ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka eli-15 yokusebenza, agonywe ngokutsho scheme 0, 1, iinyanga ezi-6., Kukho izinga lezibulala olukhuselayo emva kweenyanga ezisixhenxe ukusuka kogonyo yokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iziyobisi ukuba zenzeka ngokupheleleyo. Umzekelo, ichiza "Euvaks" namhlanje wavalwa ukuze zisetyenziswe Russian Federation, njengoko kwabangela ukufa kwabantwana abaninzi eVietnam.

Izimo side effects

Le lugonyo hepatitis B yeyona contraindication kuphela ngohlobo Igwele ukunganyamezelani zonka, njengoko lokugonya isenokuba imizila yabo. Ukongeza, iintsana ngaphambi inokuba impendulo ephantsi abazazi lokugonya. Emva koko hepatitis B lokugonya kufuneka elinye ixesha de ubunzima yomntwana ukwanda ukuya ku-2 kg.

Ngamanye amaxesha emva kogonyo fever kwenzeka iintsuku omnye okanye emibini, ekhatshwa umkhuhlane jikelele. kunqabile kakhulu waphawula ziyabagulisa uhlobo urticaria.

Kubalulekile ukuba ukukhulelwa kunye lokwaphusa aba Izimo ngokupheleleyo kuzo ugonyo. Kulo mzekelo, ayikhuthazwa live ugonyo iintsholongwane, anqunyulwe virulence. Kwakhona ngexesha lokukhulelwa nolwathi ugonyo izifo ezosulelayo zilandelayo: imasisi, rubella, irhashalala, ingqakaqha, isifo sephepha.