Usapho Lamiaceae: Inkcazelo

Kweli nqaku esifuna ukuthetha ngayo intsapho Labiatae. Ngokutsho data yakutshanje, kukho malunga namakhulu amabini iintsapho - iintlobo 3,500. Bafumana phantse kulo lonke ihlabathi. Musa kukhule kuphela Antarctica Artik. Bambalwa kubo kwindawo hlathi, bakhetha iindawo entabeni emvula. Lamiaceae yomkhaya - izihluma esikhethekileyo kakhulu. Izityalo ezivela kuye, babe nomdla ikakhulu njengokuba nababonelela izinto zamachiza raw imvelaphi yendalo.

izityalo imbonakalo

Izityalo ukuba usapho Labiatae, ekubonakala ukuba isakhiwo isici. Kulula kakhulu ukufumana intyatyambo, apho kukho elide kunye nemihlathi-ukunaba ezimbini, Ufana umlomo zezidalwa kumnandi. Olu phawu kuphela usapho Labiatae. Le yokudubula ezi zilwanyana phantse awufumaneki kwezinye izityalo.

Ke iziqhamo, nayo i imilo engaqhelekanga. Isiqhamo lentsapho Labiatae ibandakanya ezine mnye-yodaka, ngohlobo weminoti, cloves.

Kwakhona Uphawu na indawo yamagqabi yonke evela kumacala esahlukileyo. Olubangelwa idla ngokuba ifomu tetrahedral. Iimpawu entsapho Labiatae abuyonto ngaphandle wakukhankanya umhlangano ngamandla, nto leyo eziziimpawu inani elikhulu lezityalo. isongo kuyamangalisa ngenxa yobukho kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwamadlala yesityalo cell Ester oyile. Oku kungenxa kubukho ezi-oyile izityalo entsapho Lamiaceae ezisetyenziswa njengoko imithi, ibhedolaki izityalo mveliso. Malunga yeyona ixhaphakileyo kubo uthethe kuyo.

Labiatae Family: Abameli

Abameli kule ntsapho bobuzwe kakhulu. Inkoliso yabo - ukuba amatyholo kunye nohlaza. Noko ke, kule efudumeleyo yamahlathi yi amatyholo eqhelekileyo kakhulu. ummeli Bright isagquba kwi nerosemary officinalis lweMeditera. Lo ityholwana, ndimkhathalela namahlamvu ezincinane yomgama kunye neentyatyambo Violet.

usapho Labiatae (ifoto enikwe kweli nqaku) kananjalo zimelwe emithini, kodwa zifumaneka kuphela kule ndawo. Abanye babo ifikelele kubude yeemitha ezilishumi elinesihlanu. Kodwa umthetho, umthi Labiatae engakhuli kweemitha ngaphezu ezintlanu.

Lamiaceae herbaceous

Ingca usapho Labiatae - it nkqo isityalo, akukho kufuna inkxaso. Nangona kunjalo, zikhona iintlobo ezirhubuluzayo (umzekelo, Glechoma hederacea). Yaye izityalo ezifana Ajuga reptans, akukho kuphela nkqo amahlumelo, kodwa ke axils amagqabi kunjalo kukhula ameva enhle, sincothule emhlabeni kunye iincopho zazo (ezifana anabayo ukusuka nestrawberry).

Le iingcambu

Izityalo bagcine ingcambu yabo iphambili ebomini bakhe. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho iimeko xa esifa yaye yayo indawo iingcambu ezikhaphayo ukuba yosuka esikhondweni okanye Kuphendula ezirhubuluzayo. Rhizomes mava ukuba inani elikhulu Labiatae.

Kakhulu izityalo azixhaphakanga kunye iilekese iingcambu, ngathi zhivuchka eGeneva. Kwiintlobo yonxweme ezikhulayo kwimihlaba amanzi, ngamanye amaxesha iingcambu athathe ngohlobo amatswele, apho balapha badla.

isakhiwo amagqabi

Abameli mkhaya ngokuqhelekileyo yonke, amagqabi maxa wambi egudileyo-mbini. Kodwa maxa wambi kukho iintlobo ze, ezifana lobulumko zokuhomba. Kulo mzekelo i sityalo legqunyiwe ngomaleko omkhulu womhlaba ze kweenwele (nakuStaki eKrete, iCrimea Zheleznitsa).

ezimbalini Labiatae

Njengoko sele sibonile ngaphambili, isakhiwo ezizodwa kwaye neentyatyambo. usapho Lamiaceae luphawulwa into yokuba yokugqibela kufuneka, njengoko umthetho, ukuba ulala. Bona akhiwe axils amagqabi. Kuphela nje iintlobo ambalwa afumaneka iintyatyambo zodwa. Amaninzi ukuba iqokelelwe yokudubula emibini eyenza ekuthiwa-spikes. Ezinye iintlobo bade babe ameva ukuba eyenzelwe ukukhusela isityalo ukuba kutyiwa zizilwanyana. Ezi ntlobo zifumaneka kwimimandla weentaba Central Asia (wenja bat).

Njengomgaqo, sineselwa laso kwaye phehla Labiatae ziquka amaphetshana ezintlanu, edidekile, ibe liqhuma. Ngokubanzi, indebe iza ngeendlela ezininzi: ezimilise-intsimbi, tubular, voronchatoy, ukulenza. iinguqulelo zayo ezinxulumene ukuzama ukuqhelana ukusasazeka kwalo iziqhamo. Uluthi uyakwazi ukutshintsha umbala, abe ukukhanya kakhulu, ukutsala ingqalelo iintaka kunye nezilwanyana angakhula ngokwandisa windage, ekusasazeni imbewu umoya.

Lamiaceae usapho - izityalo na floret ngalinye stamens ezine eqhotyoshelwe ithumbu Corolla. Ezinye stamens iintlobo yimvula ezinyibilikiswe kunye. Ezantsi indawo zazo khonkcweni ezinezikhondo nejonge ukukhusela umpe.

Anthers Labiatae ingaba iimilo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Konke kuxhomekeke iqondo bhetyebhetye kwizityalo ukuze uvuvuzelo. Maxa wambi kukho "iindlela" entsonkothileyo yokwenene, ezifana Zheleznitsa kunye skullcap.

Nangona efanayo ngakumbi Labiatae Iintyatyambo ulala, abameli abaninzi stamens nemazi nabo kunye nabo. kangako kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba ukuhlangabezana iintyatyambo eyindoda. Umzekelo kwesityalo iba imifuno usapho Labiatae amplexicaul ufile-umba (ukhula).

isithelo

Lamiaceae usapho, amalungu eyayiqwalaselwe sithi, eyahlukileyo ukuba zonke izityalo kufuneka isakhiwo uphawu olungekazalwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko iqulathe isithinzi ezine, nganye iqulethe imbewu enye. kanye Imilo Ingane yahluke kakhulu. Phehla kwiziqhamo ngokuqhelekileyo iwe, kodwa indebe ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuhlala kunye ikhula. Kwabagqibeleleyo imbewu endosperm abangekhoyo.

Iqokobhe engaphandle lezabelo kudla imilo benqumla into enegalelo ekwenzeni ukwanda imbewu.

indawo yokukhula

Abameli olu hlobo enezityalo, njengoko usapho Labiatae (Lamiaceae), isasazwe ehlabathini lonke. Ingakumbi eninzi kubo amazwe flora iMeditera (ukusuka elikwiiCanary Islands kunye Western malayas). Kodwa ehlathini ezinjalo izityalo phantse bengekho. Paradise for Labiatae - ezintabeni emvula. Ingakumbi ezininzi eMzantsi kunye Central America. In Australia kukho izezo zifumaneka kuphela lizwekazi, kuphela malunga nekhulu iintlobo. Nkqu abaswelayo waba New Zealand, apho kukho enye kuphela uhlobo zetyeleba neentlobo enye skullcap, kwakunye ummeli omnye sodidi Tetrahondra. Kodwa kakhulu ezininzi Labiatae e Hawaii, ukuba zimelwe kwisizukulwana emibini ikho.

Izityalo entsapho bakhetha ukukhula entabeni okanye esesihlanjeni, iindawo ezivulekileyo. Kubo imihlaba efanelekileyo imbalela. Phakathi kwabo, engcotyeni kunye lihlathi izityalo encinane kakhulu. Amahlathi emvula banako ukuphila kuphela ngabameli ezimbalwa, njengoko Labiatae uluthiyile ukufuma ngokugqithiseleyo. Ngokubhekiselele kwezi zasemanzini, ukuba azenzeki indalo. Kukho kuphela kwisizukulwana ezimbalwa, ezinye iintlobo ezimila ngasechwebeni amachibi kunye nezimbuku. Umzekelo njengomfuno ongatshiyo lentsapho Labiatae - zetyeleba skullcap kunye lycopus.

isityalo yaMaxwebhu kwezinambuzane

Relationship Labiatae isinambuzane ukuhlakanipha, zintsonkothile kwaye zisisiphumo senkqubo elide bokuba izinto eziphilayo zazivelela. Abo izityalo kule mizalwane, leyo kakhulu ngokulula iintyatyambo amalungiselelo, ezimvumvuzelwa zimpukane Hymenoptera, njengoko incindi kubo ukufumana ayikho nzima.

E Labiatae, kunye lunzima kakhulu isakhiwo wentyatyambo, umpe kwenziwe asaba nakukufumana oko nje. Le sise ezantsi kwe elide. Uvuvuzelo kwezi iintlobo amabhabhathane abangene kunye Hymenoptera, kunqabile iimpukane ezinkulu, hoverflies.

isixhobo ekhethekileyo ngohlobo azisebenzisele, evumela ukufikelela izinambuzane incindi iye lobulumko. Izinambuzane kufuneka ngobuhlakani nakukufumana oko, kutheni bafika. Ezindaweni nefumileyo yaye yetropika zezityalo Amerika ukungcola a Ingcungcu kancinane. Ngendlela efanayo Lwengcungcu, ibhabhathane yokusebenza Brajnikov usapho. Bona udlula emhlabeni iintyatyambo yaye kwangaxeshanye wanye kumlomo incindi, intloko uchukumisa stamens.

Ezinye izityalo entsapho Labiatae babe enjengesakhiwo intyatyambo, isinambuzane, ehleli phezu kwayo, umungu unamathela ngesisu uze ayihlabe. neentlobo ezinqabileyo kakhulu ngayo self-ngomungu.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Labiatae abe iindlela zabo ukutsala ingqalelo izinambuzane, umzekelo, ngokohlobo iindawo ngamnye eqaqambileyo kule mbali.

lithathelwe izityalo ukuba ukusasaza

Ngokubhekiselele nokuzalela, uninzi ebanzi isasazwa ngumoya. Kule nkqubo ibandakanya share iziqhamo mnye-yodaka okunyuke ngenxa kuse ezimvini windage okanye outgrowths iphiko-ezimile. E Afrika, kukho uhlobo oluxhaphakileyo Tinneh. Ngoko ke, bexhobile, amakhaka iziqhamo hoholkoobraznymi ukuba ukusasaza imbewu.

Ezinye iintlobo ixesha elide sigcina neziqu kowomileyo, imbewu ngokwabo ngcembe ukuhamba umoya. Kwelinye, phezu koko, bakhawuleza kubuqhawula kufuphi emhlabeni, kunye imimoya athwale emaqeleni, lo sieving kunye neziqhamo. Le Isiphumo roll-intsimi uphawu ezinye iintlobo kwesilumko, catnip, zopnika. Okukhona iziqhamo iya kuba endebeni, ingakumbi kwimigama elide bangaphandle. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba abaninzi Labiatae kufuneka izixhobo ethembekileyo ukugcina imbewu.

Ezinye iintlobo, phezu koko, zicwangciswe ngendlela yokuba isiqhamo uyawa, kunye ikomityi kwaye ngenxa kuyo sele iseyile enkulu, nto leyo evumela ukuba isasazeke phezu imigama emide.

Phakathi Labiatae kukho ezininzi izityalo Zinokusasazwa eziphilileyo. Ngelo xesha linye Akukho tshintsho ngaphantsi umdla kubanceda kulo. Ezinye zazo zityiwa ziintaka nezilwanyana, ngoxa abanye babambelele iinkqubo iinwele zabo neempahla zabantu. uhlobo nganye ifumene indlela yayo ku nokwabiwa.

Kwimimandla efudumeleyo, ezinye iziqhamo zizele iqokobhe esinamanzi (ngokohlobo amaqunube) etsala iintaka kunye nezilwanyana, ngoxa abanye lubricated kunye iziyobisi iglu, nto leyo evumela ukuba anamathele uboya okanye iintsiba.

Kodwa ukuziqhelanisa ekusasazweni ezinye iintlobo lezimangalo jikelele. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye iintlobo umba kunye zhivuchka ezi zizinto benzela ukutya ukuba iimbovane, oko ngoncedo lwabo kwasasazeka iziqhamo. Isityalo aseBrazil hyptis zicwangciswe ngendlela yokuba jikelele usoloko kumiwa ngabantu thanga iimbovane e interstices yayo.

Labiatae zikhetha indawo yabo yokuhlala imilambo Coast kunye imigxobhozo, ziye edada inxalenye iziqhamo, yaye ngokuxhomekeke indlela amanzi, maxa wambi encediswa izilwanyana.

isicelo

Ingca, ityholwana, umdiliya, ityholwana lentsapho Labiatae - zonke ezi ntlobo ezahlukeneyo yentsapho efanayo. Uninzi lwabo iinkcubeko kaEtere-oyile, yaye ngoko umdla ngokukhethekileyo mntu. Ezo izityalo ziquka: nebheyizile, lobulumko, Shandra, Dubrovnik, irozmeri kunye zikhe.

Lavender - ityholwana lentsapho Labiatae. Kukho ngaphezu kwamashumi amabini anesihlanu yohlobo yayo. Kumazwe amaninzi nokulinywa kuphela ukuba ioli ekhethekileyo kubalulekile. Kwaye ezinye iintlobo zezityalo umdla umdla njengokuba isityalo zokuhombisa ubusi amayeza.

Basil kwakhona ibhekisa izityalo ityholwana kunye subshrub. Xa efudumeleyo ndawo, kukho malunga 150 eentlobo zayo, abanye babo ukunika amafutha kubalulekile. Ukongeza, nebheyizile lisetyenziswa njengendlela spice Cuisine ezininzi zehlabathi.

Esi silumko odumileyo kananjalo iintlobo ezininzi, ezinye zazo zezityalo ubusi umthombo-oyile enuka kamnandi. ERashiya, kuqhelekile kwindawo emathafeni.

Perilla - a Labiatae ngonyaka ummeli. Le i kakhulu imbewu ye-oli. Luthe lwahluma eAsia iJapan, China kunye North Korea, nkqu East Far. Imbewu oyile ezityiwayo nezamashishini. Ukongezelela, ezinye zezinto eziphilayo isicelo zokuhomba, kwaye isityalo esihle nobusi.

Izityalo amayeza lentsapho Labiatae

Lamiaceae kudala edume lixatyiswa kakhulu yayo kwezonyango. Kwaye ngoku ngenkuthalo besebenzisa izinto zabo zempiliso. Akummandla wethu iintlobo ngongcono owaziwayo zezi: zetyeleba motherwort, lobulumko, lycopus, betony , etc ...

Nomfundisi - ayikho kuphela izityalo ioli, kodwa isityalo amayeza lentsapho Labiatae. Waso ngononophelo ukwenzela ukunkcenkceshela kwaye umlomo kwisisu zomlomo nomqala.

Basil ulungile kulahleka wokutya, ukuqhina kunye flatulence. Maxa wambi isetyenziswa gargle ukwenzela umqala obuhlungu, ngokuba yokuthoba amanxeba yimbi.

Oregano - nayo intsapho imifuno Labiatae, isetyenziselwa ukunyanga esiswini kunye nezifo amathumbu kunye yomoya. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba amafutha oregano yinxalenye nezithambiso ezininzi kuzonwaya ezilungileyo rheumatism. Kwakhona isityalo sebenzisa njenge iziqholo, umzekelo, xa kwase Italian odumileyo ekulungiseleleni pizza. I oil ebalulekileyo yale sityalo kuyamangalisa. In Indian medicine oregano lisetyenziswa hayi kuphela unyango kwezifo esiswini, kodwa ukuphazamiseka luvo.

Eqhelekileyo kuthi evela leti ebuntwaneni intlama yinxalenye lweengqokelela ezininzi ukuncedisa ekunyangeni kwesibindi, inyongo isinyi, amathumbu kunye isisu. Ngokubanzi ingafunyanwa ngokuqokelela ezininzi. Ukongeza, kwikhaya leti lakhe agaye kulula ukufumana esimnandi ukusela kakhulu, kumnandi kwaye okulalisa.

Dubrovnik eziqhelekileyo isetyenziswe njengeyeza lwezifo esiswini le senyongo kunye namathumbu. Ukongeza, ukuba uyakwazi ukubangela iphango kwaye inceda nge yomoya.

Marjoram uyiqhelile nathi njengoko nesinongo. Iphucula wokutya, zivuse ukuyilwa duct juice esiswini. tincture waso kubola, antispasmodic, umchamo nesiphumo tonic. Marjoram esetyenziselwa gastritis kunye cholecystitis ezingapheliyo, flatulence kunye ebuhlungu kumjikelo ukuphazamiseka efuna, ukumgabhisa.

Galeopsis elungileyo ekhohlela kwaye izifo ezahlukeneyo nezengekho miphungeni. Ngaphezu koko, uye krovoochistitelnoe iipropati ezisetyenziswa izifo esinyini inyongo wesibindi.

tea Kidney - umchamo emangalisayo, nesetyenziswa ngokubanzi izifo womchamo.

Okunencasa lineziphumo eyingenelo kwi esiswini, ukunceda ukukhulula ijusi, ukuze isetyenziselwe ukwakha etsilini. Agaye njenge iti, lisetyenziswa kunye impumlo esihambisayo kunye khohlo.

Thyme isetyenziswa amayeza njengento expectorant.

Kwalapha kwisihloko, sithetha ngayo ezinye izityalo zamachiza lentsapho Lamiaceae kuphela. Enyanisweni, abaninzi kubo, akunakwenzeka ukuxelela ngayo yonke. Kodwa ukuba okunene ukunceda zonke iintlobo zezifo, lubonisa indlela sesicelo abo exesha emi kumazwe ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi.

Labiatae esiphila

Ndifuna ukuba uqaphele ukuba izityalo Lamiaceae usapho kukhula nje kuphela zasendle. Ubuya kumangaliswa, kodwa phakathi izityalo kwiimandlalo zethu ngokwaneleyo eli qela, ezifana Salvia enye, kwakholeka kuthi ngayo iintyatyambo zazo eqaqambileyo phambi kokufika kubanda.

Ukongeza, ezinye iintyatyambo ezikhula phezu efestileni ezindlini zethu, nabo babe kwi Labiatae: coleus, ivy Swedish, umthi izinyo. baye kudala ukuthandwa ekhaya ngenxa eyeke kunye nombala oludlamkileyo. Akukho mfuneko inkathalelo eyodwa, kodwa kusoloko elikholekileyo ubuhle bayo. Ehlotyeni, izityalo zikhule kakuhle kakhulu kwi bhalkhoni, kodwa ebusika indlu. Bakhethe ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo, ngoko ke kufuneka sibekwe phezu kwiteksti ngasezantsi.

Ke ngenxa yamanzi, oko akufuneki ukuba rhoqo kakhulu. Kwaye ebusika, kunokuba ezinqabileyo. Njengokuba besesitshilo ngaphambili, Labiatae ungenako ukubathwala ukufuma kwemfuneko, oku kubhekisela nabameli zasekhaya.

Kutshanje, a nendlela kakhulu ukuba isityalo efana rosemary. Oku kuphela isetyenziswe nesinongo, kodwa ukukhula ekhaya. Noko ke, isityalo akayithandi amaqondo aphezulu kunye nomoya owomileyo central zokufudumeza (Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ulahlekelwe amagqabi aqale zome). It has a imbonakalo elungileyo zokuhombisa, iba ngakumbi umdla ngethuba lokudubula kweentyatyambo, xa yonke igutyungelwe iintyatyambo ezincinane blue okanye oluhlaza. Ehlotyeni, abanye besifazane ityalwe nkqu izityalo indlu emhlabeni evulekileyo, apho baziva umhle. Kodwa ngaphambi kokufika ngengqele nerosemary yemozulu kufuneka babuyele ekhaya kwakhona, kuba akuyi kusinda iqabaka. Le inkcubeko kulungile ukusetyenziswa ekhaya, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa yokhuphiswano iintlobo zokuhomba. Isityalo ikhala ivumba elithozamisayo, ezihlambulule emoyeni, kuba uye iipropati bactericidal.

endaweni yokuba UYobi

Phakathi izityalo asirhawule kubomi bemihla ngemihla, abaninzi kwabo usapho Labiatae. Njengoko sele sibonile, ukuba nje kuphela hombisa iibhedi zethu ekhaya neentyantyambo, kodwa esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi amayeza kunye iziqholo. Kodwa ukhona abaninzi babo asithanga senze ukuba, singasathethi siyazi ukuba lilungu lentsapho omkhulu kangaka.