Inkqubo yentolongo - ingqokelela yemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yenziwa kwiintolongo ngenjongo yemfundo ngokutsha amabanjwa. Kwakhona, phantsi le nkcazelo, ukuqonda iziko likarhulumente i onegunya kwezohlwayo mthetho.
Iziko lokuqala apho entolongweni yayisekelwe kwimigaqo yokukhuza, yabonakala ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe ngokomyalelo Danish ukumkani zamaKristu. Yaba indawo kubaphuli-mthetho abangabantwana. Ngenkulungwane enye, la maziko yaqala ukubonakala kwizixeko ezinkulu eItali Germany. Kwinkulungwane kamva, eNgilani nakuMntla Melika, lo gama ikoloni owayesakuba isithsaba lwamaNgesi, inkqubo yentolongo wazalwa. Prison Society e Pennsylvania eyasekwa ngo-1776, ehlaziyiweyo ngo 1833. Oku isekhona namhlanje. Amalungu eli hlabathi yayiyeyabantu zonqulo LamaQuaker yaye benza konke okusemandleni ukukhuthaza umoni enguqukweni - ingakumbi, ukukhuthaza anze, ukufunda iBhayibhile yonke imihla. Kodwa amava abonisa ukuba le nkqubo yentolongo kaninzi engazisi yifuna. Ezi nketho ezo iimeko ezimbalwa apho amabanjwa sele ibekwe nokulungiswa.
Inkqubo entolongweni USSR kwaye eRashiya ekupheleni koo okuqala zilawulwa ngamasebe ahlukeneyo. Kodwa akazange de logama nje ekwenzeni kohlwaywa hayi msebenzi ungundoqo igcina. Ngowe-1997, inkqubo yentolongo Russian yaba phantsi kolawulo loMphathiswa wezoBulungisa. Okwangoku eRashiya kukho malunga nama-800 kumaziko oluleko, malunga 230 entolongweni, kwiintolongo ezisixhenxe, 62 ukuvalelwa.
umsebenzi Social kwinkqubo yentolongo ibandakanya iinkalo ezimbini eziphambili: engqondweni zomthetho. Kufuneka siqwalasele ngamnye kubo.
inkxaso Legal - ngomnye weyona misebenzi iphambili ye-ntle. Kudla ukuba abameli abalawuli bentolongo ngokuchasene amabanjwa kukho inkolelo embi. Kwakhona kule mini, kukho amatyala usebenzisa simahla ezintolongweni. Ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo abantu ababanjelwe akuthethi isandla ilungiswe. Ngaphezu koko, kuloo mazwe apho unyango yamabanjwa ezisekelwe kwi nobuntu, eziziphindayo ngaphantsi kakhulu. Kwimfundo-kwakhona okusebenza ezingasebenziseki kakuhle kwemfundo. Yangqineka Daniel Glaser, nesazi-nzulu esidumileyo American. Ngokutsho kwakhe, kwinkqubo iindlela zoqeqesho-kwakhona kufuneka ingasetyenziswa, njengoko imfundo elide kunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko likakade.
izinto zengqondo umsebenzi wentlalo entolongweni kungekho kubaluleke ngaphantsi komthetho. Kuba okokuqala liyasilela nemivalo, umntu uziva ubuhlungu kunye ntshikilelo, edla ngokuphuma owayeze mthetho ezintsha. Umngcipheko wokungenwa psyche owenzakeleyo wagwetywa-15% ngaphezulu xa zasendle. Xa komuntu emva kweminyaka emihlanu ukuya esibhozo, "ukukhululwa kwakhe" badla kuvela utshintsho vuhlayiseki. Ngoko ke, ngokuba sezintolongweni kufuneka ukudala iinkonzo intonga zeesayikholojisti abaqeqeshiweyo kunye nabanye abasebenzi ntle.
inkqubo jele Russian Modern kusekude kakhulu ekubeni akwazi ukunceda amabanjwa ukubuyela endleleni efanelekileyo. Umzekelo, lonke entolongweni abangakhathalelwanga imigangatho yococeko. Kodwa nguqu zintle kule ndawo sele.