Umsebenzi ifilosofi epistemological

Ngo bulumko, kukho imisebenzi emininzi. Omnye esisiseko - epistemological. Inxulunyaniswa ubuchule bomntu ukucinga baqiqe ihlabathi. Umsebenzi ulwazi bulumko - kukuthi, kwelinye icala, lo algorithm ngokwayo ulwazi kwihlabathi elibangqongileyo, yaye kwelinye - iingcinga kunye neengcamango iikhonsepthi ukucacisa le ndlela.

Eyokuqiqa:

Eyona ndawo ibalulekileyo imfundiso yonke bulumko na umsebenzi yomsebenzi epistemological okanye kwingqiqo. Kwakhona uphando ngamakhoboka. Inkqubo yokufunda zinakho uwahlule ube zahlulo zithathu - ngento, umelo kunye nokucinga. Ngaphandle kwabo umsebenzi akunakwenzeka epistemological. Ngelo lokuqala kwingqiqo isenzo mba imvakalelo okanye into. Kweli nqanaba, lo mbandela ndadibana nento (umntu uyasibona into entsha naye).

Eyokuqiqa: esisityebi amathayara kunye nenzaliseko ukushukumisa. Kwangaxeshanye, iya kuhlala iqondo kakhulu uNothozamile ukuqonda. Umbono wokuqala ibaluleke kakhulu. Kukho zonke iingcinga, iingcamango kunye ingqiqo kumbandela yomntu. Izinikezeli zingasetyenziswa ezingqondweni ezahlukeneyo: ivumba, ngaphandle kwebala, ukubona, ukuva incasa. Le Unezixhobo ezininzi eziqhutywa ezahlukeneyo iimbono kunokwenzeka. Ngamnye kubo imele excitation elikhethekileyo ngobunzulu okanye amandla iimpawu zakhe.

image ukwakheka

Isigaba sesibini Eyokuqiqa nto ibonakalisa ingqalelo. Le ntsabelo lisekelwe inkcazelo yonke iminqweno - ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, ngamnye kubo iziphumo ezizodwa. Umsebenzi epistemological okwabantwana ngento, ayikwazanga ayisekho ngaphandle ubuchule umntu ukuba abe ingqalelo.

Inqanaba wesithathu, njengoko ngento enjalo. Xa ngokubonakala iminqweno Ugxininiso ayeke ukuba zahlukane kwaye kwadityaniswa. Nale intelligence uyakwazi Eyokuqiqa lokoqobo kwikota. Ngaloo ndlela, umntu iba iminqweno zibe iimvakalelo enentsingiselo ukudalwa nesiseko sayo umfanekiso olupheleleyo ebonakalayo. It siyahlukana nto ngokwayo ayokuba elizimeleyo nelimbono kwesi sifundo.

umbono

Ntetho - indoda efundile Eyokuqiqa. Phakathi kwezi nkqubo zimbini kukho umahluko obalulekileyo. Ukuze ukucinga umntu kufuneka bayichithe ubukho, ngelilixa kokungeniswa oku kuyimfuneko. Ukuze ufake umfanekiso ethile engqondweni yakhe, umntu usebenzisa kwinkumbulo yakhe. Kuyo njengoko ebhankini zonke izimvo yomntu ngamnye.

Okokuqala kuza isenzo ukukhumbula. Epistemological umsebenzi bulumko kukuba bulumko kunceda ukucacisa ezisebenza kwingqiqo. Khumbulayo izinto ezibalulekileyo ngokutsha imifanekiso, ngokusekelwe apho abacinga iqala. Kweli nqanaba lokugqibela umntu kwaye izuza ulwazi olutsha. Kodwa ukufumana ngaphandle ingcamango ecacileyo akunakwenzeka.

ngeso

Xa kuwa imifanekiso ngaphakathi komthetho yokusebenza babantu, ukuba balahle zonke iintlobo uxhulumaniso yokwenene, okufana ehlabathini ngaphandle. Kweli nqanaba, usebenzisa isixhobo esitsha - lengqondo. Ukusebenzisa imifanekiso ezikhoyo ingqondo unako ukwenza into entsha ngokupheleleyo yaye yahlukile into yokuqala. Kwi-Faculty of ngqondweni na iingcambu zawo. ubonakele Yena ngenxa umahluko kunye nokufana le ezisingqongileyo. Imifanekiso eyahlukeneyo kondla ukuceba. Lo, le ezizodwa kakhulu ngakumbi na ukufumana iziphumo.

Umfanekiso- ngqondweni ngamandla nokuzala ezahlukeneyo, apho umntu luqokelelane phezu kwamanzi sezingqondweni yakhe. Ukongeza, le ndlela isebenza, ngokusekelwe ukukwazi ukwakha umbutho. Ekugqibeleni, lo nomfanekiso- ungamandla yoyilo. It eveza iimpawu neesimboli, esebenzisa apho umntu kuzisa imifanekiso entsha, ukuphuma engqondweni yakhe ukuba ihlabathi ngaphandle.

Abaxhasi ingcamango zeentanda-bulumko ezishiya kubaluleke kakhulu eqhotyoshelwe ngokunxulumana amandla banga. Esi sifundo sale meko izibandakanye Dzhon Lokk kunye Dzhordzh Berkli. Ayekholelwa ukuba kukho imithetho ethile unxulumano iingcamango. Ngelo efanayo ixesha ngokuchasene nabo, Hegel, owathi ukuba ukuyila isebenza ngokungqinelana nemithetho ezahlukeneyo. Wamela ingcamango yokuba ukohluka emibutho ezinxulumene kuphela iimpawu ngamnye kumntu ngamnye.

Imiqondiso kunye neempawu

Ukuze ukuvakalisa iimbono siqu babo usebenzisa imifanekiso yezinto. Ngoko ke kudala abalinganiswa. Ngokomzekelo, umfanekiso mpungutye, nto leyo ukuziphatha lwenkohliso. Njengoko umthetho, uphawu empahla omnye kuphela, ulungelelene ukumelwa woMntu. Zonke ezinye iimpawu zayo azifakwanga.

Kodwa asingabo bonke izimvo lungabonakaliswa esebenzisa imiqondiso. Ingqalelo yabantu idla kudala ezi imifanekiso, yeyiphi ne izinto eziyinyani. Kulo mzekelo, imiqondiso zisetyenziswa. Abalinganiswa zisekelwe ezifanayo yaye yaziwa kakuhle zehlabathi ezingqongileyo. Iimpawu awekho kwezi mpawu, zinokuba ingalawuleki kunye nengqondo.

ukuca-

Izikolo bulumko zifundisa yeengcinga ezahlukileyo, iindlela sengqiqo kunye neengcamango malunga nokuba ingqondo yomntu ukwazi olujongwayo lubonwe. Kweli nqanaba kukho lokuhle kunye pessimists. Abaxhasi Gnostic ayekholelwa ukuba abantu bakwazi ukufumana ulwazi lokwenyaniso lecebo. Ngenxa yoko, omnye usebenzisa ingqondo. Kule nkqubo kukho ezimbalwa iimpawu engaguquki. Okokuqala uphawu wayo ngomlomo. Amagama ezakha laphu yokucinga, ngaphandle ukucinga umsebenzi epistemological ngokwalo nje akunakwenzeka.

mfundiso e ifomu kunye nesiqulatho. Ezi mpawu zihlobene zihlobene. Ekuqaleni ukucinga wenziwa kuphela ngokungqinelana nale fom. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntu unako ngokukhululekileyo ukusebenzisa isigama yabo nokwakha amagama naziphi na izakhiwo, nokuba abathanga benze nayiphi na indlela. Ngokomzekelo, thelekisa imuncu kunye eluhlaza. yokucinga ntiyiso iqala ngalo mzuzu xa ebuya esi sixhobo kwisiqulatho imifanekiso yezinto.

Izinto nesigama

Umsebenzi epistemological ibalulekileyo bulumko kukuba bulumko ugxininisa - yaye ihlabathi ziyalandeleka. Kodwa ukuba oku kufuneka kakuhle izixhobo nemvelo yabantu. Oku kuquka zombini Eyokuqiqa nentelekelelo. A wabadlali sisixhobo isitshixo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuqonda iingqiqo lwento.

Isibakala sokuba emva eli gama, uthi zobulumko kwizizukulwana ezahlukeneyo kunye zaphawula. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, eyoluntu unike impendulo ecacileyo - into nganye ubunjwe izinto ezininzi. Ngokolwazi lwakhe kuyimfuneko ukuchonga zonke iindawo, uze ukuhlanganisa kubo ibe iyunithi enye. Kodwa izinto okanye iziganeko musa zodwa geqe ukususela kwakutshabalala ihlabathi. Benza le nkqubo abalungelelanisiweyo kwaye ezintsonkothileyo. Ukujolisa kule ndlela kukwazi ukwakhiwa njengento ulawulo ebalulekileyo lokwazi ihlabathi. Ukuze uqonde umongo zesifundo, kuyimfuneko ukuhlola nje yena kuphela, kodwa kananjalo inkqubo apho elimfaneleyo.

nokwakheka okucinga

umsebenzi Intellectual iqulathe amanyathelo amathathu: ukuqonda, isigwebo kunye nokuqonda ingqiqo. Bobabini, zakha inkqubo eyakhiwe kakuhle evumela umntu ukuvelisa ulwazi olutsha. Xa nqanaba inqondo ecinga sifundo. Kwinqanaba licuthe le mbono, kuba ngokuhlalutya ingcamango yenjongosenzi ulwazi. Ekugqibeleni, xa ibakala mianakanyo yokucinga kufika esiphelweni.

umsebenzi Epistemological wefilosofi wayenomdla inkqubo zobulumko ezininzi zokufunda. Nakuba kunjalo, igalelo mkhulu ukuya ukuqonda mihla la wenza Immanuil kant. Wakwazi ukufumana ukuzibaxa izinto ezimbini umsebenzi ingcamango: ingqondo ingqondo. ugxa wakhe Georg Hegel ziyichaze nqanaba phakathi ingqikelelo umgwebo. Kudala phambi kwabo classical ngobhalo ulwazi kwiincwadi zakhe, uAristotle lowu. Yena waba yimbangi i ithisisi izinto ubonakala yi-mvo okanye ingqondo ukuqonda ebalulekileyo, kwaye bacinga ukuba igama (ingqikelelo) yenza ingqiqo kuphela ngenxa yomntu, kuba azikho nohlobo lwawo nawuphi na magama.

Amacandelo kwingqiqo yolwazi

Ngento, intshumayelo kunye nokucinga wamnika umntu ithuba lokuba basebenzise iindlela ezintathu yokuveza ulwazi yakhe ngehlabathi. Eyokuqiqa: kungathatha ngokohlobo imisebenzi ezizodwa zobugcisa. ukumelwa zezafobe liye laba isiseko ngokuzalwa unqulo kunye umfanekiso ohambelana ehlabathini. Ngenxa abantu okucinga onolwazi lwenzululwazi. Bona umgca kwinkqubo enye ngocwangco.

Yokucinga yenye inkalo emangalisayo. Concepts of izinto, ukuze siqonde ngoncedo wayo, sibe isixhobo sakhe asethi. Ngoko ke umntu iphinde izivelise kwakhona kwaye oluhlala nolwazi. New kuvela ngokwesiseko sele ifunyenwe yaye ngokubanzi. Sicinga ungakwazi kuthiwa ukuguqula imbono zomntu yezinto.

Ukufumana ulwazi in Science Political

umsebenzi Epistemological kungaba ulwazi kanye eyenzekayo kwabantu ngokubanzi, kwaye kwiintlobo ezithile umsebenzi okanye lwamacandelo yenzululwazi. Umzekelo, ulwazi ezinye bulumko nenzululwazi kwezopolitiko. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, le nto iba imida obuphathekayo. umsebenzi Political epistemological kubonakala kwinto yokuba olu qeqesho yenzelwe ukucacisa ubunyani kwezopolitiko.

Science ityhila amaqhina kunye neempawu zayo. umsebenzi Political epistemological kukuba ukumisela inkqubo yezopolitiko kwenkqubo karhulumente kunye nezentlalo. Ngoncedo izixhobo theoretical iquka ebewuthethele ifowuni itemplates ezithile isampula. Ngokomzekelo, onke amagama afana idemokhrasi, totalitarianism kunye authoritarianism eyaziwa. umsebenzi Epistemological yesayensi kwezopolitiko kukuba iingcali ingachazwa ngokwamandla omnye la magama. Ngenxa yoko kukho ucalulo izinto eziphambili umatshini karhulumente. Ngokomzekelo, sifunda ipalamente karhulumente, ukuzimela yalo zesiGqeba iqondo azinampembelelo inkqubo yowiso-mthetho.

Uhlalutyo ulwazi ezintsha ngcamango

Kuphela umsebenzi epistemological kwenzululwazi lwezopolitiko ekupheleni unika impendulo yombuzo yintoni isikhundla amaziko karhulumente. Xa kwiinkulungwane nje ezimbalwa ubukho bayo, le inzululwazi iye yaseka iqela iindlela jikelele ye kwingqiqo yolwazi kwi lentsimi yayo exineneyo theoretical component. Nangona namhlanje kukho amazwe amaninzi kangaka, zonke zisebenza ngokumalunga nemigaqo amakheswa kwaye nkqu XIX-XX iinkulungwane.

umsebenzi Epistemological kwenzululwazi yezopolitiko - kukwayinto entle indlela lokuhlela okufunyanisiweyo zinika inkqubo efanelekileyo karhulumente. Ukufuna utopia esekelwe kumava ngempumelelo kunye impumelelo kwisizukulwana elidlulileyo kwaye kuyaqhubeka namhlanje. Inxalenye umsebenzi epistemological kwinzululwazi yezopolitiko ukuba esekelwe kwiziphumo izazinzulu bakha iingcamango ezahlukeneyo malunga nekamva karhulumente kunye nobudlelwane bayo kunye noluntu.