Dzhordzh Berkli: bulumko, iingcamango ezingundoqo, biography

Phakathi zobulumko abathi imibono enokwehla, ndinamaphupha, elinye idumileyo Dzhordzh Berkli. Utata wakhe waye eliNgesi, kodwa George ingqalelo uzenza nommi, ngenxa yokuba apho, kumazantsi Ireland, ke wazalwa ngo-1685. Iminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu, lo mfana kwaqalisa iminyaka yokufunda ekholejini, kunye apho uya izakubanodibaniso ngendlela enye okanye elinye ixesha elide lobomi bakhe (ukuya ku 1724). Ngowe-1704, eBerkeley, Omnci wafumana isidanga seBachelor kunye neminyaka emithathu kamva - isidanga master kunye nelungelo lakufundisa pedsostave junior. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva waba ngumbingeleli lwe yaseTshetshi, yaye emva koko - PhD kunye ngumhlohli ophezulu kule kholeji.

yimibono ayinyani

Nokuba eselula D. Berkley nokukhetha phakathi iimbono eziphathekayo kunye yimibono luluvo, wathabatha icala yokugqibela. Waba igqwetha lejaji yonqulo kwiincwadi zakhe, obonisa ubuhlobo imbono yomntu ezinto ezivela endleleni apho ubona yaye uvakalelwa umphefumlo (ingqondo, bengasenasazela), kwakheka nguThixo. Nditsho ebutsheni ebhaliweyo imisebenzi yakhe ukuba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso ingcamango bulumko , balizukisa igama - Dzhordzh Berkli.

Ifilosofi ekufuneni inyaniso yaqala kengoku ubomi nzulu ngezinto Irish. Phakathi imisebenzi yakhe umdla: "Amava e-worldwork theory omtsha ngumbono", "ama kwiMigaqo Human Knowledge," "Three incoko phakathi Hylas kunye Philonous". Ukushicilela umsebenzi umbono omtsha,-sobulumko oselula, wammisa usukelo ukunciphisa ukubaluleka iimpawu eziphambili, ezingqina ukuzimela osezingqondweni lwethu kunye ubunyani mba. Ngokwahlukileyo kwithiyori Descartes kubungakanani lwamaqumrhu, sele ndizuze kuthandwa ngelo xesha, Yena utyhila uxhomekeko somgama imbono, imilo kunye nendawo izinto ngokubona. Ngokutsho sobulumko, ubudlelwane phakathi mizwa ezahlukeneyo - ndawo ekuqiqeni, oluthi luqokelelane ngamava.

Imisebenzi ebalulekileyo ye bulumko

Saba zibona ezahlukeneyo kuquka i icala ubufundisi phakathi imisebenzi nzulu ngezinto. Kodwa ke enye yezona ncwadi umdla kukuba i "incoko yababini Three Hylas kunye Philonous" (George Berkeley - ifilosofi), elifutshane apho sinokuthi oku: umbhali yaphakamisa umbuzo yoluvo ezintweni zonke kwezinto ukuqonda ubunyani, kunye phenomenalism. Xa umsebenzi wakhe "I intshukumo" Berkeley bebangisana iimbono Newton malunga ingqiqo lwezifundiswa intshukumo. Indlela zeentanda-George kukuba intshukumo ayikwazi geqe isithuba kunye nexesha. ingcamango yagxekwa nje kuphela yi-sobulumko, kodwa ezinye udidi ezininzi Newton.

Siya- nazo isebenza Berkeley incoko amanye amabini phakathi abakuthandayo "Alciphron" kunye zefilosofi malunga namanzi tar, apho kuphakamisa umbuzo ukusetyenziswa yezonyango tar kunye tshwa ukuya abstract uhlobo yentanda kanye nemibono simahla.

usapho

Umfazi bulumko UAnna Forster - intombi Ground (uyise nomgwebi Irish ephakamileyo yeempikiswano). Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba umlinganiswa lula, ubuhlobo kunye nokuzila ka-George. Yena anokuzithanda ngalo izihlobo nezalamane. ukukhathalela kwakhe ndakhawuleza Hospital Foundling, wasungula sisekelo wasebukhosini. Umkakhe wamzalela abantwana abasixhenxe. Noko ke, ngaloo mihla, abantwana abaninzi abazange sisinde ukuya ebudaleni, ubudala ngesizathu isifo. E eBerkeley, wasinda ezintathu kuphela, kwaye abanye bafa.

Xa Dzhordzh Berkli wafumana ilifa, wenza isindululo sokuba kusekwe e Bermuda esikolweni apho abahedeni zaye zaguqulelwa ukholo lwamaKristu. wamkelwa ngamandla mission kuqala yaye yavunywa yi yiPalamente kwaye iyaxhaswa yi-izangqa ahlukile. Noko ke, xa wevangeli kunye noogxa bakhe baya esiqithini, oko ngcembe ulibele. Kwaye ngaphandle kwenkxaso-mali eyaneleyo ISAZINZULU-sobulumko kwafuneka ayeke wevangeli. Ngokuthe ngcembe, ishiya ishishini lakhe kwaye bachitha ixesha elininzi kunye nonyana wakhe. Dzhordzh Berkli waphila iminyaka engamashumi amathandathu anesixhenxe ubudala waza wafa ngo-1752. Imbeko lakhe igama kwisixeko eBerkeley enye States of America - California.

ontology Berkeley

Ifuthe bulumko enkulu sobulumko baba abacinga ezininzi, kuquka Kant Hume. Ingcinga ephambili, nto leyo zishunyayelwa khona kulo izimvo zabo ngayo eBerkeley, yaba ukubaluleka kwebala umphefumlo kunye nemifanekiso yayo ndakubumba. Ngamanye amazwi, nayiphi na imbono na umcimbi kusisiphumo kwimbono umphefumlo wayo womntu. imfundiso yakhe olona kwithiyori yimibono luluvo, "Kukho nto nje mna Umbono wam sensory zehlabathi. Umba ayisekho, kukho kuphela uluvo lwam zesimo kuyo. UThixo uthumela, yaye yenza iingcamango apho umntu uziva yonke into kweli hlabathi .... "

Xa ukuqonda bulumko kusekhona - ibonwa. Ontology Berkeley - ngaba umgaqo solipsism. Ngokutsho iimbono nzulu ngezinto ubukho bezinye hlambi ngokuba "wokugqibela" structuredness kunokwenzeka okufanayo kuphela zincomeka, leyo ezivelileyo isiseko mzekeliso.

imibono kunqaba

Noko ke, iimfundiso bulumko waphawula okuthile. Umzekelo, kwi into enye, "Mna", wasebenzisa kwiimpikiswano efanayo ukuya abahlalutyi eziphathekayo ubungqina hluleki kunye nomanyano ekuqaleni. Noko ke, ezihlangwini zakhe, Devid Restaurants ngokusemthethweni minyaka ezi zimvo ngethiyori, apho wabethwa ingqiqo umba kwi candelo zokomoya: umntu "Mna" - yinto "inyanda iimbono." Akunakwenzeka ukuba bahlukane kude kwimboniselo izinto, xa ufunda imisebenzi ababhala sobulumko Dzhordzh Berkli.

Quotes wezakwalizwi kunye nzulu ngezinto kusiphembelela ingcinga kanaphakade, kunye nokubaluleka kaThixo ebomini bakhe, ukuxhomekeka yakhe uSomandla. Noko ke, ngelo xesha elijongene ezinye ephikisanayo kunye ukungangqinelani kwi amaphepha eBerkeley, njengoko kuchaziwe kwi-ngokuligxiba zobulumko ezininzi.

Continental kunye nenkolo eBerkeley

Berkeley weza kwisigqibo malunga ubukho bukaThixo, nto leyo uvelisa kuphela ukuthanda kwakhe ngengqiqo imiphefumlo yabantu. Ngokutsho kwakhe, indoda Akanagunya iimvakalelo zakho, kwanokuba oko kubonakala ngaloo ndlela. Ngapha koko, ukuba umntu evula amehlo akhe waza wabona ukukhanya - ukunyulwa komntu akuxhomekekanga ekuzithandeleni phezu ukuthanda kwakhe, okanye uva intaka - oku ukuthanda kwakhe. Yena akanako ungakhetha phakathi kwe "umbono" yaye "kungekhona ngokubona", okuthetha ukuba kukho omnye myolelo, inqanaba eliphezulu, oveza iimvakalelo kunye iminqweno emntwini.

Ukufunda imisebenzi wabhala Dzhordzh Berkli, kwafika abanye abaphandi wafikelela kwisigqibo (leyo, Noko ke, ayiqinisekiswanga ngokupheleleyo, kodwa banelungelo lokuba khona) ukuba izimvo bulumko akhiwa ngokusekelwe thiyori Malebranche. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba siqwalasele D. Berkley Irish cartesian, ligatya ubukho empiricism kwimfundiso yakhe. Ukususela ngowe-1977 e-Ireland ukupapasha iphephancwadi Bulletin imbeko sobulumko enkulu.

indawo Historical ifilosofi

Ukufundisa ukuba kusale Dzhordzh Berkli, biography nzulu ngezinto - konke oku umdla omkhulu yaye ixabiso kuphuhliso zembali-bulumko. ingcamango yakhe umfutho omtsha, saya entsha yophuhliso bejonge ingcamango bulumko. Schopenhauer ugqala ukufaneleka eBerkeley ongafiyo azibize kuye uyise yimibono. Thomas Reid naye kudala zaba phantsi kwempembelelo bulumko owavakaliswayo Dzhordzh Berkli. Imiba ephambili ye-bulumko uya kufunda ngaphezu kwesinye isizukulwana iinkcuba. Noko ke, abaninzi kubo, kuquka Thomas Reid, ngoko waqalisa ukumgxeka kubo.

imfundiso Berkeley waquka zezifundo bulumko nje iimbono enokwehla. Nkqu isizukulwana zobulumko ziya xhwele imfundiso yakhe uze uthabathe ukuphuhlisa okanye ukuyinyelisa. Eyona uthandwayo iimbono zakhe abeyiqwebile ePoland, kodwa kumazwe amaninzi Slavic, intanda yakhe, uye wandiswa othathe indawo ufanelwe phakathi imisebenzi efana kunye.