Eyoluntu mpikiswano malunga nendima yayo kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini

Iingxoxo malunga inyaniso, zithandwa kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini, yabangela iingxaki antinomy entsha. Ukufunyanwa psychoanalysis yandinceda ukuguqula ukususela indlela unyango nemfundiso yentanda nangokwasengqondweni ubudlelwane phakathi kwe abazi kwaye zingqondweni okungaphakathi komntu. undlela lula waphula ukuqonda yemveli inyaniso, ngenxa yokuba wayekholelwa ukuba inyaniso nayiphi mfundiso "umthamo ngenxa yomsebenzi", oko kukuthi indlela kumlungele na kumava akhe. Kodwa ethandwa kakhulu yaba ifilosofi inzululwazi nobuchwepheshe, nto leyo eye azibekwa entliziyweni iingxaki zehlabathi okubangwe STR. Isikhubekiso phakathi kwizikolo ezahlukeneyo iingcamango abe nezoluntu.

ifilosofi zicazulule wema endaweni categorical esisiso-scientistic. Wathi ukuba ulwazi lwenzululwazi nguye kuphela. positivism acwangciswe, bemelwe yi uRussell, Carnap, abameli Vienna Circle basebenzisa izixhobo ekuqiqeni zezibalo ukudala ulwimi okhethekileyo. Wayemelwe ukuba zisebenze kuphela izinto zobungqina ezithembekileyo. Ukususela oko kunokwenzeka ukuba ukwakha izakhiwo ubhalo engqinelanayo ukuba "bangamelana" nje neengcamango. Kucacile ukuba, kwicala lezingluntu zemveli kule ndlela, njengoko kunjalo ngasemva. Kodwa loo nto bonke. Ingcamango "imidlalo yolwimi 'Wittgenstein kunye nabalandeli bakhe ukungqinisiseka ukungavumelani lwamacandelo zendalo kunye zemathematika kunye" inzululwazi umoya. "

Kakhulu ngokucacileyo olu phuhliso kuchazwe ingqikelelo Karl Popper. Wabheka ezoluntu kuphela isicelo nangempumelelo wakhanyela kubo ilungelo kwingcamango. Umbhali we "yoluntu ekhululekileyo" isekelwe yezizathu ezibini. Okokuqala, nayiphi na systematization kwisigaba kulaa luluvo kakhulu, yaye okwesibini - inzululwazi abosulelekileyo "yokunabela kwiinkalo zonke", nto leyo eyenza ukuba ukuchaza inyaniso kwaye bafune uhlobo ingqibelelo azikho kwaukubakho. Ukongeza, ukuba ezingenangqondo. Ngoko ke, Popper wahlasela ngaphezu onke nkcukacha kule ndawo yolwazi kwabantu. Abantu - wagxeka sobulumko - ayikaphuhlisisi kukungakhathali. Oku kusekelwe iimvakalelo ezingenangqondo kunye neminqweno abangaboniyo, umsantsa Wanciphisa ingxoxo.

Nangona kunjalo, zonke ezi nkqubo angabanjezelwa, kwaye ukuthandwa kobudlelwane malunga kwicala lezingluntu. Le ndlela Bakha ubuso zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, okungakuncinananga, ukuba Popper. Sithetha ngunozala ezi hermeneutics zeentanda-bulumko Hans-Georg Gadamer. Uvumela ukuba zonke inzululwazi yendalo noluntu ngokwesiseko ayashiyana indlela ukuchazwa, oko akujongwa uphuhliso sobulumko ezimbi nezilungileyo. Zemathematika, inzululwazi, theory eziphilayo idaliwe ngokungqinelana indlela. Kwaye ke yokugqibela kuvela ulwazi lwemithetho kunye ongathandani (imbangela) unxulumaniso. Apha kuza indima kwicala lezingluntu kukuba inyaniso yabo kufutshane ngokoqobo, abantu kunye neemvakalelo zabo. Kuba imfundiso lwamacandelo zendalo eyona nto ibalulekileyo - siyafana izibakala. Yaye lezingluntu, ezifana nembali - lembombo uba sisinyanzelo xa kakuhle eli isiganeko ngokwayo ibhabhe ingubo yakhe.

Gadamer ngowokuqala ukubuyela ingqiqo umbala ezintle "igunya". Le nto yenza i "inzululwazi lomoya," oko bakuko. Kule ndawo asinakho, uyazi ngaphandle koncedo ngaphambili, nangenxa isithethe idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kuthi. nengqiqo lwethu lunceda kuphela ngokwethu ukuba ukhethe igunya esithemba. Kwaye ngokwesithethe ukuba silandela. Kwaye le umanyano lamandulo nelangoku indima kwicala lezingluntu.