Formation - yintoni na le nto?

Formation - nomqondo wefilosofi, nto leyo ethetha ukuba inkqubo ihamba kunye nokuguqula nantoni na. Lo isenokuba imvelaphi kunye nophuhliso, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha - kwaye yokuduka parameter nganye. Oku abe yinxalenye esisigxina wayengazifuni.

Eli gama bulumko, kuxhomekeke eqongeni uphuhliso, okanye ezikolweni zalo kunye nemiyalelo, ukufumana ezimbi, ithowuni ye-HIV. Idla kugqalwa lophawu kwezinto kwaye uthelekisa uzinzo, uzinzo kunye ukungaguquleki Oyena Uphakamileyo. Kweli nqaku siza kuzama sihlolisise iinkalo ezahlukeneyo kolu luvo.

Ukuqala kunye nemvelaphi

Formation - igama eYurophu wabonakala kuqala-bulumko yamandulo. Kwakuthetha inkqubo yotshintsho kunye nokwakhiwa.

zobulumko Natural ichazwa ekufundweni ukuyilwa yezinto, ukuvela zabo, uphuhliso kunye intshabalalo. Ngoko ke wachaza ezithile omnye umgaqo yokuqala, leyo ziyohluka kwaye oko kuqulethwe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo yobukho.

Heraclitus kuqala wamelana ukuyilwa kwilizwe ntle, nto leyo obungunaphakade "abe," eliqukuqela ( "Panta noReyi") kwaye iyahlozinga - Iilogo (Umgaqo inviolable, umthetho kunye ubuncinane). Le yokugqibela uchaza imigaqo ukubunjwa kwaye ukholelwa kwemida yakhe. Ukuba Parmenides wayekholelwa ukuba ukuyilwa enyibilikayo ukhona, ngoko Heraclitus imeko kanye okwahlukileyo.

UPlato, Aristotle kunye nabalandeli babo

UPlato kuphuhliso kunye notshintsho rhoqo izinto eziphathekayo. Iimbono - obungunaphakade, kwaye ekujoliswe kuzo kuphuhliso iziganeko. Nangona isibakala sokuba Aristotle waye iqela Plato kunye ezininzi iikhonsepthi ka yokugqibela, wafaka isicelo nayo le nto xa intetho pallet.

Formation kunye nophuhliso kwaezo zinto, eqonda kubume bayo, ifom imizimba nangokuphambukisa ithuba zifezeke. Omkhulu ndlela uAristotle ekuthiwa entelechy, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba eli hlobo lwe-eneji.

Xa umntu, nguwo lo umyalelo ukuyilwa umphefumlo wakhe, zikuzo iphuhlise kwaye ilawula umzimba. Wabaseki isikolo Neo-zikaPlato - Plotinus, Proclus nabanye - babona ukusekwa kumgaqo cosmic omabini ubomi nengqondo. Bambiza i Soul Iphela, bakholwa umthombo yonke intshukumo.

Wona amaStoyike ebizwa amandla ngayo indalo uguquguquka, pneuma. Bubalaselisa yonke into ikhona.

abanemvume

ifilosofi christian, kakhulu, kwakungekho wayeqhelene kulo mgaqo. Kodwa ke ukubunjwa - kukuthi, ngokubhekiselele scholastics kumaxesha, uphuhliso, umda wokukora umthombo apho uThixo. Foma Akvinsky le mqondo kwithiyori amanyathelo kunye amandla.

Kukho izizathu zangaphakathi ukuze kwakhiwe. Baya lenze kwisenzo. Formation - a umanyano amandla kunye nenkqubo eqhubekekayo. KumaXesha Aphakathi zamva "nendlela" incazelo Aristotelian kunye Neo-bulumko kaPlato. Bona asetyenziswa, umzekelo, ngo-Nikolaya Kuzanskogo kunye UGIORDANO Bruno.

Intanda-Age New

Ukwenziwa zenzululwazi ngengqiqo mihla ilizwi kunye nendlela yalo ngexesha uGalileo, Newton Bacon noko izanyazanyiswa intembelo yokuba yonke into eshukumayo. imifuniselo Classic kunye umgaqo Determinism kukhokelele ekuyilweni imodeli ngomatshini kwendawo yonke. Ingcamango yokuba ihlabathi rhoqo iinguqu, watshintsha kunye neenkcukacha zeposi, uhlala iinkcuba ethandwayo waseJamani.

Nangona isiFrentshi kwaye British kunezixhobo yonke wabo babecinga into efana clockwork enkulu, Leibniz, abelusi, Schelling wabona ukuba abe. Olu phuhliso ke uhlobo zingqondweni ukuya obengo. Umda yale ukuyilwa oluya anengqondo, ngoko umoya ziyahluka anengqondo.

zobulumko kakhulu anzima kwexesha kunye umbuzo ulwalamano yokuba nokucinga. Ngapha koko, ngoko kwaba lula ukuphendula umbuzo wokuba ingaba kukho uhlobo nayiphi na imithetho okanye hayi. Kant wayekholelwa ukuba thina ngokwethu bakhokelele ingqiqo uluhlu ulwazi lwethu, ekubeni ngokwalo kuphela amanyala yethu.

Ingqondo buyaphikisana yaye, ke ngoko, kukho umsantsa, ongayi kuba nako koyiswe phakathi yokuba nokucinga. Kwakhona bayasilela ukuqonda indlela izinto ngokwenene kwaye njengoko benza njalo.

Hegel

Ngokuba lo bulumko classic German izigaba ukubunjwa ungqamane nemithetho ekuqiqeni, kanye uphuhliso - intshukumo bomoya, iimbono, yaye 'nokusetyenziswa' zabo. Hegel ichaza le ngengqiqo elide ubomi "nto". Ezi izichasi zimbini kumpompoza omnye komnye kubulela kwiziko.

Kodwa bunye obungazinzanga okanye, njengoko sobulumko uthi, "noko amnye ebantwini." Xa into "uba" yena ungxamele kuphela ukuba, kwaye ayikho kule ngqiqo. Kodwa ekubeni le nkqubo sele iqalile, ngoko hlobo ke.

Ngenxa yoko, ukwakheka, ngokwembono Hegel imele intshukumo bangalawuleki. Kubalulekile kwakhona inyaniso zaseprayimari. Eneneni, ngaphandle kokuba, yaye "none" kuba akukho neyodwa kwaye imele ukuzaliswa abalwaziyo blank yokwakha. Konke oku njengomntwana onengqondo, ochazwe kwincwadi yakhe "Science of Logic". Kwaba khona ukuba Hegel wenza ukuyilwa iindidi dialectical.

Inkqubela, okanye engaziwayo

Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba bulumko ezininzi - Marxism, positivism, njalo njalo, ndifaniswe waqonda-ntonye "uphuhliso". abameli babo ngelithi ukuba yinkqubo apho inguqu ukusuka endala entsha, ukusuka ncinane ukuya ephakamileyo, ukususela kokulula ukuya koko kuntsonkothileyo. Formation of izinto ezahlukeneyo nkqubo, ngaloo ndlela, Kungokwemvelo.

Kwelinye icala, abagxeki yalo mbono, ezifana Nietzsche kunye Schopenhauer wathi abaxhasi ingqikelelo uphuhliso wothulelw nendalo kunye nehlabathi imithetho kunye neenjongo oko azikho. Formation lwenziwa phezu yayo, non-linearly. It has akukho mithetho. Asazi oko kunokukhokelela.

kwemvelo

Imfundiso yophuhliso nenkqubela njengoko ukuyilwa ngabom ithandwa kakhulu. Lafumana inkxaso ingcamango yokuba izinto zazivelela. Umzekelo, ababhali-mbali kunye ntle baqalisa ukucinga ukusekwa karhulumente njengoko inkqubo ekhokelela ekubeni kusekwe kwaye ukuyilwa kwenkqubo entsha zentlalo, inguqu uhlobo yomkhosi karhulumente ukubulalana ekudaleni izixhobo.

Izigaba elandelayo yale yophuhliso ngokuyintloko ukwahlulwa amalungu zolawulo ukusuka ezinye kuluntu kwaye emva koko ifan'ba ekutshintshweni indawo ngokobuzwe, kwakunye ukuvela amaziko igunya loluntu. Ukuba umntu kule nokulungelelanisa nkqubo ithathwa njengokuba ukuvela kweentlobo ezintsha ngendaleko.

intanda Modern kunye nomntu

Xa ixesha lethu, isigama ukubunjwa amaninzi asetyenziswe indlela. Kwakhona zithandwa kwintetho kweenkqubo sociocultural. Ixesha lokuba bulumko mihla 'ukuba kweli hlabathi ", sinokuthi, nelithi nophuhliso. Le nyaniso, nto leyo ekhokelela kuphuhliso, yenza utshintsho ayibuyiseki umva, kuba amandla abo. Ukuyilwa kwento umlinganiswa lwehlabathi. Iquka kuphela uhlobo kodwa uluntu.

Ukuba uluntu kule mbono kuyo eduze lokusekwa indoda leyo lwendalo ezizodwa kwengqondo, ngokomoya yaye ekrelekrele. Le ngcamango yokuzivelela alinikwa zale mibuzo iimpendulo ezilula, kwaye nangoku umbandela sifundo kunye nophando. Ngapha koko, ukuba sikwazi ukuchaza uphuhliso eziphilayo uhlobo womntu, inkqubo yokutshata ingqondo yakhe, yaye ngakumbi ke ukuba ezinye njalo, kuba nzima kakhulu ngenxa yakhe.

Yeyiphi badlale indima inkulu ngubani siba? WezaBasebenzi, neelwimi, njengoko ndacinga Engels? Imidlalo ezifana Huizinga wayekholelwa? Embi kunye namahlelo njengoko Freud Wayeqiniseka? Ukukwazi ukunxibelelana nokudlulisa imifanekiso abalinganiswa? Culture, apho ofihliweyo isakhiwo igunya? Kwaye, mhlawumbi, zonke ezi zinto ziye zakhokelela ekubeni antroposotsiogenez, eyathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu, wadala indoda mihla kwimeko yakhe zentlalo.