Solovev Vladimir, sobulumko: biography, imibhalo

Vladimir Solovyov wayengomnye yawona inkulu Russian zonqulo kwenkulungwane XIX emva kwexesha. Yena waba yimbangi eziliqela magama kunye neengcamango (kaThixo-ubudoda, yaye ngoko Panmongolism. D.), nangoku efundwayo ngokweenkcukacha yi zobulumko zasekhaya.

kwiminyaka yokuqala

I-sobulumko elizayo Soloviev Vladimir Sergeyevich wazalwa January 28, 1853 eMoscow, unyana ka-mbali odumileyo Sergeya Soloveva (nombhali multivolume i "History of Russia ukususela kumaxesha amandulo"). Lo mfana waba kwiSikolo samaBanga aPhakamileyo 5, yaye kamva wangena Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow State University. Ukususela ebutsheni bakhe Soloviev ukufunda imisebenzi emihle waseJamani kunye Slavophiles. Ukongeza, yaba nempembelelo materialists enkulu olukhulu. Ukuba amkhanuke bazisa mfana physico-zemathematika nkululeko, Noko ke, emva kokuba unyaka wesibini ke idluliselwe kwi History and Philology. Wayithanda uncwadi eziphathekayo Vladimir oselula Solovyov wada awulahlwa ngefestile yakhe icon egumbini ngaphezu ubawo wayecaphukile kakhulu. Ngokubanzi, uluhlu ukufunda bakhe yayibandakanya Khomyakov, Schelling kunye Hegel.

Sergey owafaka unyana wakhe umsebenzi onzima kunye nemveliso. minyaka yonke yena ngokwakhe kupapashwa ngendlela yinyaniso of "Imbali 'wakhe kweli ingqiqo, unyana ka imiboniso. Njengoko abadala, uVladimir wabhala yonke imihla, ngaphandle kokukhetha (ngamanye amaxesha kwi bechola-ephepheni, xa isandla nto enye).

career eyunivesithi

Sele eneminyaka iinightingale 21 waba yinkosi kunye nomncedisi uprofesa. Lo msebenzi, nto wayezithethelela, kwaba osesikhundleni njenge "The Crisis of Western Philosophy". Lo mfana yagqiba ekubeni ukufumana isidanga ayikho lomthonyama eMoscow wakhe St Petersburg. Yintoni esiyifundayo umbono ngephepha yakhe yokuqala zenzululwazi wathethelela Solovev Vladimir? Sobulumko ugxeke ngoko ezithandwayo eYurophu positivism. Emva kokufumana isidanga umninindlu, waya uhambo yokuqala enkulu kwamanye amazwe. Umbhali zokufuna batyelela World Old kunye kumazwe aseMpuma, kuquka eYiputa. Voyage kwakungenxa zobungcali - Soloviev waba nomdla nemimoya kunye Kabbalah. Ukongezelela, oko e Alexandria kunye eCairo, waqalisa umsebenzi imfundiso yakhe Sofia.

Sibuya ekhaya, Soloviev waqalisa ukufundisa e St. Petersburg University. Wayexoxa ke waba wahlobana Fedorom Dostoevskim. Umbhali we "Abazalwana Karamazov" njenge prototype of Alesha wakhetha Vladimir Solovyov. Ngelo xesha, ukuba waphula omnye imfazwe Russian-Turkish. Njengoko ngayo Solovev Vladimir? Sobulumko phantse waya ngaphambili njengevolontiya, Noko ke, ngomzuzu wokugqibela watshintsha ingqondo yakhe. Wathi yenkolo yakhe enzonzobila ukwaliwa imfazwe. Ngowe-1880 wamela ithisisi bakhe waza waba ngugqirha. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba kukho ungquzulwano kunye Umphathi yunivesiti - uMikhail Vladislavlev - Solovyov akazange ukufumana isithuba ngunjingalwazi.

Ukupheliswa umsebenzi wokufundisa

Kukutshintsha ukuba nzulu ngezinto waba 1881. Ke lonke ilizwe lawuzamazamisayo ngokubulala njengabalweli benguqu epheleleyo ye Tsar Alexander II. Oko phantsi kwezi meko wenza Solovev Vladimir? Sobulumko, wanikela intetho yesidlangalala apho wathi ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuxolela abagrogrisi. Esi senzo wabonisa zengqondo kunye neenkolelo Solovyov. Wayekholelwa ukuba urhulumente akanalo ilungelo abulale abantu, nkqu ukuphendula ukubulawa. Ingcamango engumKristu ngokuxolela kuye kwanyanzeleka umbhali kweli nyathelo ngokunyanisekileyo, kodwa kom-.

Le ntetho yakhokelela kwihlazo. Ngako oko kwazeka kwa phezulu. UMphathiswa Interior Loris-Melikov wabhala tsar Alexander III memo entsha, leyo wabongoza nguzwilakhe ayikho ukuhlawulisa sobulumko ngenxa yenkolo ngokunzulu wamva. Ukongeza, umbhali we intetho wayengunyana ka-mbali ohloniphekileyo, xa Ngqonyela owayesakuba University eMoscow. Alexander impendulo wamthiya Solovyov "psychopath" kunye nomcebisi wakhe usenyongweni uKonstantin Pobedonostsev ingqalelo ityala phambi kwetrone "crazy."

Emva kwale sobulumko washiya St. Petersburg State University, nangona Nngokobuchwepheshe akazange agxothwe. Okokuqala, kwaba hype, yaye okwesibini, umbhali ufuna ukujolisa ngakumbi iincwadi kunye namanqaku. Kwaba emva 1881 yaqalisa ixesha kweentyatyambo ngqangi yasinda Solovev Vladimir. Sobulumko wabhala ngaphandle ngovimba, ngenxa yokuba kuye kwaba kuphela kwendlela imali.

Knight-monk

Ngokutsho memoirs ababephila, waphila Solovyov e engaginyisi mathe. ekhaya esisigxina akazange abe. Umbhali balala ezihotele okanye abahlobo abaninzi. inconstancy Household akuyilugelanga impilo. Ukongeza, i-sobulumko wazila ukudla engqongqo rhoqo. Kwaye konke oku kunye umthambo ngamandla. Ekugqibeleni, Solovyev ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwagxila turpentine. Kule ulwelo, ithathwa njenge impiliso oyinqaba. Turpentine yonke ezindlini zakhe simanzi.

indlela edidayo yokuphila kunye negama lombhali eliphefumlelweyo imbongi Alexander Blok wabiza memoirs zakhe knight-indela. Solovyov ukuziqambela wazibonakalisa yonke into. Umbhali Andrey Bely washiya iinkumbulo, apho umzekelo, uthi sobulumko waba ukuhleka emangalisayo. Abanye abahlobo babecinga ukuba Homeric yaye nivuye, abanye - bobukaSathana.

Solovev Vladimir Sergeevich ngokufuthi waya phesheya. Ngowe-1900, ngexesha lokugqibela wabuyela eMoscow, ukuze ayifake ukupapasha inguqulelo yakhe imisebenzi zikaPlato. Emva koko ke umbhali weva kakubi. Kokuba asiwe Sergeyu Trubetskomu - bulumko yonqulo, yekhasi, inani uluntu kunye umfundi Soloviev. Usapho lwakhe ababekolo eMoscow kwilifa yebhotile. To Vladimir Sergeyevich oogqirha kwafika ukuba isifo kwezinye - "ukuqina sezintso" yaye "yamafutha". Umzimba we umbhali ndiyimfe ukusuka sindisa kwidesika. yena Family owayehlala yedwa, ukuze silandele imikhwa zakhe kwaye zichaphazela Solovyov akukho muntu. Manor libanzi uye waba yindawo wokufa kwakhe. Sobulumko, wafa ngoAgasti 13, 1900. Ke wangcwatyelwa Novodevichy Amangcwaba, ecaleni uyise.

ebudodeni

Inxalenye engundoqo ilifa Vladimira Soloveva umbono wayo kuThixo-ubudoda. Lo mbono ke kuqala ukubeka phambili sobulumko kwi "Izifundo" bakhe-1878. ndawo yawo esisiseko na imveliso ye ubunye komntu noThixo. Solovyov baphathwe ukugxekwa ubunzima ukholo yemveli yesizwe Russian. Wawuqwalasela esiko "ngokungenabuntu."

ezinye zobulumko ezininzi Russian, kwakunye Solovyov wazama ukwenza intsingiselo ngoko urhulumente we-Russian Church Orthodox. Xa iimfundiso zakhe, umbhali usebenzise ibinzana Sophia, okanye ubulumko, apho wayeza kuba umphefumlo yokholo entsha. Ukongeza, ukuba unakho umzimba - iBandla. Luluntu lamakholwa ukuba undoqo uluntu efanelekileyo elizayo.

Solovyov yakhe "Izifundo kuThixo-budoda," wathi iCawa uhamba zinzima kakhulu. It aliphelelanga kwaye Akanagunya iingqondo zabantu, yaye endaweni yayo ibango theory omtsha ithandwa kodwa impikiswano - positivism kunye socialism. Solovev Vladimir Sergeevich (1853-1900) Wayeqinisekile ukuba unobangela wale ntlekele yokomoya yaba French Revolution Enkulu, leyo yashukumisa iziseko kuluntu yesiqhelo yaseYurophu. Yokufundwa 12 ingcali yale uzama ukubonisa ukuba kuphela ibandla nonqulo ezihlaziyiweyo singathatha zidle yembono, apho ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX kwakukho iithiyori ezininzi olukhulu yezopolitiko. Solovyov akazange aphile ukuya revolution yokuqala eRashiya ngowe-1905, kodwa wayeziva ngayo yazaliseka.

Ingcamango Sophia

Ngokutsho ingcamango bulumko, lo mgaqo ubunye kaThixo nawabantu unako kumiliselwa Sofia. Lo ngumzekelo we woluntu efanelekileyo esekelwe uthando lobuKristu abamelwane. Ethetha Nozipho njengoko njongo iphambili yophuhliso lwabasebenzi, umbhali we "Ukufunda" Kwakhona siphakamise umba wendalo iphela. Wachaza imfundiso yakhe inkqubo cosmogonic.

Book sobulumko Vladimir Solovyov (10 ukufunda) inika maxesha lwe ukuvela ehlabathini. Okokuqala, yayilixesha elithile elizibalula ngeziganeko ka Astral. Umbhali iyihlanganise ne Islam. Emva koko kulandele elithile elizibalula Solar. Ngelo xesha yena waba ilanga, ubushushu, ukukhanya, ubutsalane kunye nezinye ophathekayo. Kumaphepha imisebenzi yakhe ingcali yale libotshelelwe eli xesha kunye amahlelo ezininzi solar zonqulo yamandulo - ukholo Apollo, uOsiris, Adonis Hercules. Nokufika kwilizwe eziphilayo baqalisa yokugqibela, era kumawa.

Eli xesha wamnika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo Vladimir Solovyov. Umbhali-mbali, sobulumko enye ingcali yale wabalaselisa ezintathu kwempucuko ibalulekileyo kwimbali yoluntu. Ezi izizwe (amaGrike, amaHindu kunye amaYuda) anike ingcamango lokuqala uluntu efanelekileyo ngaphandle kwegazi kunye nezinye izinto ezimbi. It zashunyayelwa Iisus Hristos phakathi kwabantu bamaYuda. Solovyov wamphatha na yena njengomntu ngamnye, kodwa umntu likwazile ukuthatha lonke yobuntu. Noko ke, sobulumko bakholwa ukuba abantu babeka izinto eninzi ngaphezu kukaThixo. Lwalo mgaqo yaba Adam.

Ukuxambulisana malunga Sofia, Vladimir Solovyov ngqo ingcamango yokuba semvelo umphefumlo yayo eyodwa. Wayekholelwa ukuba uluntu kufuneka sixelise lo umyalelo xa bonke abantu into abafana ngayo. Ezi iimbono bulumko wafumana omnye lokunqula. Waye Uniate (okt wakhuthaza ubunye ibandla). Kukho imbono ukuba aguqulelwe kubuKatolika, nangona iphikiswa biographers ngenxa yohlobo zale kunye imithombo inaccuracy. Enye indlela okanye omnye, kodwa Solovyov yaba mxhasi esebenzayo lokumanywa Koloni naseMpuma Church.

"Beauty in Nature"

Enye imisebenzi esisiseko Vladimira Soloveva waba inqaku lakhe "Beauty e Nature", epapashwe ngo-1889. Sobulumko zihlolwa iinkcukacha kule meko, wamnika iseti amabakala. Ngokomzekelo, wabona ubuhle indlela yotshintsho mba. Ngelo xesha Soloviev wabiza ukwazisa ubuhle ngokwayo, kungekhona njengendlela ukuphumeza ezinye iinjongo. Kwakhona wabhekisela ubuhle lwalo umbono othile.

Solovev Vladimir Sergeevich, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane ngumzekelo yobomi yombhali, eyayiphazamisa umsebenzi wakhe phantse kuzo zonke iinkalo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu, eli nqaku wachaza isimo sakhe sengqondo art. -Sobulumko wayekholelwa ukuba wayesoloko waba injongo enye kuphela - ukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nefuthe kwindalo kunye umphefumlo womntu. Ingxoxo-mpikiswano malunga injongo ubuciko ezithandwayo kwinkulungwane XIX emva kwexesha. Ngokomzekelo, wathetha umxholo enye Leo Tolstoy, naye umbhali baphikisana ngokungangqalanga. Solovev Vladimir Sergeevich, ogama imibongo aziwa ngaphantsi kwe imisebenzi yakhe bulumko, nayo eyimbongi, ngoko akukho ngokuqiqa ngayo ngobugcisa. "Beauty e Nature" nempembelelo kakhulu zengqondo nezazi iSilver Age. Ukubaluleka eli nqaku amathuba yakho ibhiyozele ababhali Alexander Blok kunye Andrei Bely.

"Intsingiselo Yothando"

Yintoni wabashiya ngasemva Vladimir Solovyov? Ebudodeni (ingqiqo yayo ephambili) yaphuhliswa kuthotho lwamanqaku othi "The Meaning of Love", epapashwe ngo-1892-1893. Ezi azizange bodwa ncwadi, njengenxalenye iqhekeza elinye yonke. Kwinqaku lokuqala Solovyov, wawancamisa ekuhleni ingcamango yokuba uthando yeyona ndlela kuphela yokuzala kunye nokuqhubekeka lonke uhlanga lwabantu. Ngaphezu koko, umbhali kuthelekiswa izimvo zakhe. Wafanisa iinkcukacha motherboard, nobubele, ngokwesondo, limangalisa uthando, uthando ngenxa Lezwe, njalo njalo. D. Ngelo xesha yachukumisa uhlobo kukuzingca. Kuba Soloveva Lyubov ungamandla kuphela ezinokubangela umntu ukuba igqithe ingqiqo kuzimele oko.

uvavanyo kombisa ezinye zobulumko Russian. Umzekelo, uNikolay Berdyaev wayekholelwa umjikelo "yeyona ezimangalisayo kubhaliweyo ngothando." A Alexey Losev, owaba ngomnye biography zombhali, wagxininisa ukuba Solovyov wayekholelwa uthando indlela ukufezekisa umanyano engunaphakade (yaye ngenxa yoko i-wenyama).

"Yokuthethelela ezilungileyo"

Incwadi "ukugwetyelwa Ezilungileyo", ebhalwe 1897, ngumsebenzi isitshixo yezikhulu Vladimir Solovyov. Umbhali izicwangciso ukuqhubeka lo msebenzi inamacandelo amabini kunye, ngaloo ndlela, ukupapasha trilogy, kodwa akazange abe ixesha lokwenza ingcamango yakhe. Kule ncwadi, umbhali ezicatshulweyo iimpikiswano ukuba elungileyo olunzulu kwemibandela. Kwindawo yokuqala kuba ebangela ngenxa yobuntu. Soloviev kwaba inyaniso ingcamango yokuba bonke abantu baqhelene ngokuzalwa nemvo ihlazo, nto leyo ufundile kwaye ayikwazi kuwiswa evela ngaphandle. Elibizile, kunye nezinye iimpawu efanayo umgangatho zabantu - intlonipho kunye nosizi.

Welcome yinxalenye ebalulekileyo uluntu, kuba kwakhona siyinikwe nguThixo. Solovyov, echaza le ithisisi, ikakhulu kusetyenziswe imithombo yeBhayibhile. Weza wafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba imbali yonke yoluntu - yinkqubo utshintsho ukusuka ummandla wendalo kummandla ngumoya (oko kukuthi, ukususela ububi zakudala okulungileyo). Umzekelo yo fanekisela i ku chavelela ngeendlela-mthetho isohlwayo. Solovyov wathi ekugqibeleni shwaka mgaqo yokuziphindezela kwegazi. Kwakhona kule ncwadi ke kwakhona wathetha nxamnye ukusetyenziswa isohlwayo sentambo.

"Ukuxoxa ezintathu"

Ekuhambeni kweminyaka, lo bulumko wokuyila iye ezibhaliweyo ezininzi iincwadi, izifundo, amanqaku njalo njalo. D. ke, njengazo zonke umbhali, waba umsebenzi wokugqibela, nto leyo ekugqibeleni waba UPawulos kwindlela ixesha elide. Yintoni wayeka Vladimir Sergeevich Solovev? "Ukuncokola Isithathu War, Inkqubela kunye nesiphelo yembali yehlabathi" - ngoko ke kuthiwa ncwadi, nâzo encwadini entwasahlobo ka-1900, ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe. It yapapashwa emva kokumka yombhali ebomini. Ngoko ke, biographers ezininzi kunye nabaphandi baye kubona oko umnqophiso ukuba umbhali ngobuchule.

Ifilosofi Vladimira Sergeevicha Soloveva, echaphazela ingxaki yokuziphatha igazi, ngokusekelwe theses ezimbini. Imfazwe - okubi, kodwa wayengakwazi zingabi namkhethe. Ngokomzekelo, njengomntwana onengqondo wanika umzekelo amaphulo othintelo kwi Vladimir Monomakh Polovtsian emathafeni. Kunye kule mfazwe, inkosana unako ukusindisa kokuhlaliswa Slavic ukusuka kuphangwa ezigqugqisileyo abemi emathafeni kunokuba lilungisa isenzo sakhe.

Xa incoko yesibini kumbandela inkqubela Solovyov uthe ngendaleko yobudlelwane bezizwe, leyo eyakhelwe-siseko zoxolo. Ngoxa ngokwenene amazwe zinamandla wafuna ukufumana ungqinelwano phakathi kwabo kwihlabathi elitshintsha ngokukhawuleza. Noko ke, akusekho sobulumko ndabona iimfazwe zehlabathi anegazi oluqale kumabhodlo kwale nkqubo. Umbhali kwincoko yesibini ugxininise ukuba iziganeko kwimbali yoluntu senzeka kwiMpuma Ekude. Kanye njengokuba amazwe aseYurophu ekwabelwana phakathi China kunye Japan liqalise indlela lwenkqubela elibukhali kwi imodeli Koloni.

Intetho yesithathu isiphelo yembali yehlabathi Solovyov, ngokuzinikela kwakhe njengesiqhelo kuxoxiwe ukuba, nangona iintsingiselo entle ehlabathini ububi siyakhuselwa, oko kukuthi, i-Umchasi. Kwinxalenye elinye bulumko Ndaqala wasebenzisa igama elithi "Panmongolism" ngubani kamva waqalisa ukusebenzisa abalandeli bakhe ezininzi. Le meko kukumanyanisa abantu Asian nxamnye amazwe aseYurophu. Soloviev wayekholelwa ukuba China kunye Japan kundihlanganyela, ukudala ubukhosi elinye bandigxotha kwizidalwa ezivela kwimimandla ekufutshane, kuquka iBurma.