Sentimentalism kuluncwadi, iimpawu zayo eziphambili kunye nabameli

Igama elithi "sentimentalism" (uvakalelo) kwimizobo yokucinga kuthiwa kukugxininisa ezibambe nangokweemvakalelo zonke iintlobo zobomi. Sentimentalism kwiincwadi imelwe sizukulwana sonke zombini abaculi Western kwaye Russian welizwi, nangona ukuba ilixa lakhe yathatha ixesha elifutshane - ukusuka 18 ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19. Kuzalwa uhlobo uncwadi lo United Kingdom. Kwaba apha ekupheleni kweminyaka yesibini kwinkulungwane ye-18 azalwe waba ifumaneke kwi umfundi jikelele "Four Seasons" uJames Thomson. Lo msebenzi wokubhala eziquka yemibongo eziliqela ngaphambili saa singaneli kunabela kubantu uthando kwihlabathi elibangqongileyo. umbongo ngamnye utyhila ukuba umfundi ihlabathi elimangalisayo le isibhakabhaka yasemaphandleni kunye nobuhle nenkangeleko lizwe.

Thomson wathabatha ikhuni umbhali IsiNgesi Thomas Grey elegy yakhe "Rural Amangcwaba". Umbhali Kwakhona wazama ukuba nomdla kumfundi inkcazo wendalo, ukuba ndimvuse uthando kuye okanye imfesane okwelo lali abantu ezilula abaqhelekileyo, ohlala nje kwaye esebenza nzima ukuze ezilungileyo usapho kunye lizwe. Wonke umsebenzi kwakugcwele mbongi Grey kubomi babantu yasemaphandleni, leyo ulunika umlinganiswa nonolwazelelelo melancholic. Sentimentalism kwiincwadi enxulumene ngokungaguqukiyo ne amagama Laurence Sterne ( "theka Journey") kunye uSamuweli Richardson ( "Clarissa Harlowe"). Le yesibini zange wabhala uhlobo, intsingiselo umsebenzi wakhe ukuchaza abalinganiswa ezahlukeneyo zabantu, kwakunye bayahlelwa abanini bazo. Richardson ngobuqili yenziwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo lonke uluntu IsiNgesi top ncwina uze ukhathazeke, nothando nentiyo kunye nabalinganiswa abaphambili yemisebenzi yakhe.

Sentimentalism kuncwadi French enxulumene imisebenzi yendalo Zhana Zhaka Rousseau kunye Jacques de Saint-Pierre. Phantsi yempembelelo mood theka ngababhali IsiNgesi wadala imisebenzi ezifana "The Life of Marianne", "New Eloise", "UPawulos et Virginie". Xa iinoveli of the French wababhali kwinkulungwane ye-18 esilawulwa indibaniselwano oonobumba theka ukuzingca sizoku lwisana ubuhle bendalo: iipaki ezidolophini, amachibi amahlathi kunye nemilambo. Ingakumbi kude izinto zakhe uncwadi kuza de Saint-Pierre, ekutshintsheni inoveli abalinganiswa abaphambili 'Paul et Virginie' ezikude eMzantsi Afrika. Le ofunda imisebenzi yakhe ubonakala esi sibini eluthandweni kubantu abatsha abahlala kude ngumsi lweedolophu yasemzini, yedwa kunye nendalo yalo intombi kunye neemvakalelo abanyanisekileyo.

Sentimentalism kuncwadi Russian kuzibonakalisa kuphela eminyaka yokugqibela yenkulungwane ye-18, xa ephefumlelwe imisebenzi Goethe, Richardson kunye Russo uNikolay Karamzin ubhala "Iileta umhambi Russian 'yakhe. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwixesha elizayo Karamzin wafumana ngabaxelisa elinesibini, kokubini ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, yaye kwiminyaka emininzi kamva. umsebenzi wakhe "Poor Liza" yinto wobugcisa yokwenene iprozi Russian imizwa. Story of a amahlwempu, bakhohliseke indoda intombazana iphumelele iintliziyo amawaka amaninzi abafundi. Alexander Izmailov, ngokukhuthazwa kwinoveli, wabhala ngo-1801 yakhe "Swisiwana ingqondo", Ivan Svechinskaya - "noHenrietta" (1802). Iimpawu eziphambili sentimentalism Russian zezi:

• ukunqulwa ubuhule, ukuba ubukho eziva phezu ngokuthanda komntu;
• nokuqhama ihlabathi engaphakathi abalinganiswa abaphambili;
• ukuzinikela ophezulu eziqulethwe zamagorha, ukufuna kwabo ngonaphakade iimvakalelo ngokwenene.

Injongo iprozi Russian yenyama kwaba ukudala ulwimi kwimibongo elitsha, apho bekumele endaweni ulwimi endala nokuzeka kade grandiloquent ngokwayo izzhivshemu basebukhosini. Ngelishwa okanye Ngethamsanqa, oku akuzange kwenzeke. Ngo-1820, sentimentalism Russian ediniwe ngokupheleleyo ngokwayo kunye neenjongo zayo ziye zahlala kuzaliseka.

Namhlanje, ababhali-mbali abaninzi mbali bobugcisa zithande ukuba intshukumo theka zoncwadi yaba elidlulayo isigaba kuphela kuphuhliso loncwadi yehlabathi jikelele. Sentimentalism kwiincwadi kwinkulungwane ye-18 yaba yexeshana ibakala ukusuka classicism ukuya romanticism. Ukuba ekugqibeleni ngokungeyomfuneko, uye ediniwe ngokwayo, ngaloo ndlela evula indlela entsha trend zoncwadi.