Ivan Goncharov: Life Nomsebenzi

Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov - umbhali odumileyo Russian, eyayibanjelwe e-St Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Ukuthandwa mkhulu kuzuzwa ngokuthi iinoveli ezifana "Open", "Ibali Ordinary", "Oblomov" kunye nezincoko yezithuthi mjikelo "Iifrigate Pallada". Kakade ke, wonke umntu uyazi inqaku zoncwadi-ezibalulekileyo Goncharov "zillion intuthumbo". We ndithi kuni ngale umbhali omkhulu ngokweenkcukacha.

ebuntwaneni zombhali

Ivan Goncharov, ziza kuchazwa kweli nqaku ubomi kunye nomsebenzi, wazalwa Simbirsk ngo-1812. Abazali fanele kumaKanan eklasini. Childhood yaqhutyelwa endlwini encinane uIvan Goncharov enkulu, ibekwe kumbindi wesixeko. Kwiminyaka kamva, umbhali ubalisa ngayo apha ebalini lakhe ngokuphila "Ekhaya", "zomkhenkce, izisele, athi bhuma baba udini zizele ngumgubo, namazimba nazo zonke iintlobo amalungiselelo ezahlukeneyo iintsapho zethu kunye ndlu. Akuzange kube nje kwilifa, kwaye yonke ilali. " I kufuneka bathi oko akubona kule ndlu, esasungulwa umdla oselula Goncharov kulwazi enkosini yakhe, indlela yalapho yokuphila kwangaphambili-guqula eRashiya, nto leyo ke nangako ngokucace watshintshelwa ezincwadini zakhe.

Xa Ivan wayeneminyaka-7 ubudala, uyise wafa, nangenxa nokufundiswa Ivan wathabatha owayemele - UNikolai Tregubov. Ngenxa seaman umhlala, wayebalasele ngumntu olungileyo ukucinga yaye babeneengqondo eziphangaleleyo. "Molo matiloshe" - ngoko Goncharov, ogama engobomi yaziwa kakuhle kubalandeli, ekuthiwa utitshala wakhe. Ivan Aleksandrovich wakhumbula: "Ukuze ukubulela Nicholas ngenxa esikhuliswe ngayo, umama abayinyamekelayo zonke imisebenzi abakhonzi ubomi kunye namaxesha bakhe Tregubova ihlanganiswe kunye nelethu, naphantsi kolawulo uMama, siye waphilisa intsapho enkulu.". care Intelligent waya Nicholas. Le nto yinxalenye nesabasilaleleyo emagxeni umama - eyomeleleyo, abanamava, iindwendwe emihle.

ukubunjwa

Ekuqaleni, lo mfana Goncharov, ubomi kunye nomsebenzi lo bemnandi, Wabufunda ekhaya phantsi kweliso Tregubova, kwaza ke esikhundleni ipenshoni yabucala. Kamsinya nje inkwenkwe wayeneminyaka-10 ubudala, yena wathunyelwa eMoscow ukunyanzelisa kamama.

Iminyaka 8 elandelayo, uIvan wafunda kwisikolo yorhwebo. Kwixesha elizayo, umbhali iya kuchaza le minyaka njenge enzima yaye ingabangeli. Nangona uphuhliso yakhe yokuziphatha yaye ngokomoya ngokupheleleyo. Inkwenkwe ufunde lukhulu. uncwadi Domestic waba ngumcebisi lwakhe lokwenyaniso. Goncharov (impilo kunye nomsebenzi zichazwa ngokufutshane kweli nqaku), ukhumbula oku: "Karamzin waba utitshala yam yokuqala kuphuhliso kwisigaba gumaniteta kwaye yokuziphatha ngokubanzi. Ke ukuba isihobe, abadlali reveled Ozorovym, Dmitriev, kwaye nkqu Derzhavin Kheraskov ezikhutshwe sisikolo ukuba yimbongi thina. "

I idol lokuqala

"Eugene Onegin" yi Pushkin waba Goncharov kunye noontanga bakhe obu butyebi enkondlo. Wathi: "Owu Thixo wam! Yintoni ukukhanya, yintoni imimango magic livulekile, kwaye isityhilelo kunye nemibongo, nobomi, koko, kucacile kwaye mihla, waphuphuma kule mandla! "Ezinik 'ubomi Le yokunqulwa ngomthandazo phambi igama imbongi enkulu Goncharov aphile.

Ukwamkelwa kwiYunivesithi

Iiklasi esikolweni kuba nzima ngenxa Ivan, waza wacela unina ukuba isicelo sokususa yayo. Kweli nqanaba, lo mfana elinesibhozo, waza waqalisa ukucinga ngekamva lakhe. Kwaye sekuvele njengomntwana amkhanuke yokubhala iye akaphumanga naphi, Goncharov, ibhijelene ngonaphakade ubomi kunye nomsebenzi, bagqiba kwelokuba isebe ngomlomo University eMoscow. Ngowe-1831 yena ngempumelelo iimviwo yaye babhalise apho.

iminyaka emithathu yokufunda yi isehlakalo ebalulekileyo kwiphupha lakhe. Umbhali elizayo ebecinga ngamandla - ngawe, malunga nabantu, malunga ebomini. Kwangaxeshanye, uIvan wafunda kwiYunivesithi Aksakov, Turgenev, Lermontov, Stankevich, Ogarev, Herzen, Belinsky kunye nabanye abantu abatsha abanetalente ababengene igama lakhe kwi kwimbali iincwadi Russian.

emva eyunivesithi

Emva kokugqiba eyunivesithi ngo-1834, i-Potters waya lweenkobe Simbirsk, apho wayewulindele dade, unina kunye Tregubov. Ngoko eziqhelekileyo isixeko ebuntwaneni Ivan wambetha ngasentla zonke ngenxa yokuba kangangeminyaka emininzi akukho nto yatshintsha. Yaba kwilali enkulu komqamelo.

Kwanangaphambi kokuphumelela umbhali elizayo kwavela ingcamango ukuba abuyele kowabo. Yena wasondela kakhulu ubomi kokomoya ntloko (St. Petersburg, eMoscow). Kwaye nangona isigqibo ukuba ahambe, wathabatha, kodwa sekunjalo akazange aphume.

umsebenzi wokuqala

Ngeli xesha, Goncharov, isiketshi sobomi kunye bomsebenzi kwiprogram yesikolo, wafumana isithembiso evela irhuluneli Simbirsk. Wayefuna umbhali elizayo wayesebenza unobhala wakhe ngasese. Emva kokuthandabuza yaye kokuthandabuza eninzi uIvan wavuma, kodwa umsebenzi iyadinisa abangenambulelo. Kodwa uyayiqonda indlela yokusebenza kwenkqubo ngokwemimiselo oko luncedo kuye kamva abe ngumbhali.

Kwiinyanga ezilishumi elinanye kamva, wafudukela eSt Petersburg. Ivan waqala ukwakha ikamva labo ngezandla zabo, ngaphandle koncedo oluvela ngaphandle. Akufika, wazinza phantsi njenge umguquleli kwi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezeMali. Le nkonzo kwaba nzima ihlawulwe kakhulu.

Kamva, waba abahlobo kunye Maikova usapho efundisa oonyana ababini abadala, iincwadi Russian kunye nesiLatini. House Maikova neziko umdla yenkcubeko St. Petersburg. Yonke imihla, siya artists, iimvumi kunye nababhali.

Ukuqala bobuchule

Ekuhambeni kwexesha Goncharov "zillion intuthumbo" okuhlala omnye imisebenzi athandwa kakhulu baba ngalisayo zibhekisela lonqulo zothando zobugcisa semvelo ekhaya Maikova. 40 ekunokuthiwa ukuqala umsebenzi wakhe. Yaba ixesha ebalulekileyo ngokubhekiselele kuphuhliso loncwadi Russian kunye noluntu ngokubanzi. Emva koko ke umbhali idibene Belinsky. umgxeki Great safuma okomoya Mir Ivana Aleksandrovicha waza wabonisa uyabathanda ngenxa isimbo sokubhala, ephethwe yi Goncharov. "Ukuhlukunyezwa Zillion" umbhali kuthakazelelwa kakhulu Belinsky.

Ngowe-1847, "Ibali Ordinary" yapapashwa "Contemporary". Kule ncwadi, ungquzulwano phakathi romanticism kunye ngokoqobo linikwa kwi ngohlobo ungquzulwano enkulu ebomini Russian. Yavela igama umbhali yabhekisela umfundi ukuba inkqubo eqhelekileyo, kubonakala kwindalo.

tour World

Ngowe-1852 Goncharova nethamsanqa ukuba unobhala ukukhonza nosekela-Admiral Putyatin. Ngoko ke umbhali waya ukujikeleza ihlabathi phezu awahlali "Pallada". Putyatin wayalelwa ukuba ukuhlola izinto Russian eMelika (Alaska) kunye ukuseka ubudlelwane zorhwebo kunye nezopolitiko kunye Japan. Ivan Aleksandrovich wayesele zokulindela ezininzi ngamava eziya kuphucula umsebenzi wakhe. Goncharov "zillion intuthumbo" isekhona ethandwa kakhulu, ukususela kwimihla yakudala waqhuba idayari eneenkcukacha. La manqaku aba sisiseko incwadi yakhe elizayo "Iifrigate" Pallada "." Yeza ngo-1855, xa umbhali wabuyela eSt Petersburg, yaye yamkelwa kakuhle ngabafundi.

Kodwa njengokuba Ivan Aleksandrovich wayesebenza kumhloli karhulumente kwi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezeMali, waba kwindawo nzima. Amacandelo komphakathi ofisi yakhe bamkelekile. Wayetshutshisa kwengcinga simahla yaye limele amandla wothiyiweyo - yiloo nto abekuyo kakhulu Goncharov. I inoveli "Oblomov" phantse sesilungile, kodwa Ivan Aleksandrovich ayikwazanga nakugqiba ngenxa yokungabikho kwexesha. Ngoko washiya i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezeMali kwaye lujolise ngokupheleleyo ngomsebenzi yokubhala.

nokugqama bobuchule

"Goncharov inoveli" Oblomov "" - lo mbhalo phezu kwekhava yeencwadi amawaka aliqela yapapashwa ngo-1859. Bayahlelwa umlinganiswa ophambili yatyhilwa kungekuphela nje abanawo, kodwa nje uhlobo ukuqonda bulumko ngesimilo yesizwe. Umbhali wathola yokuluka. Le noveli wangena mzobo sobomi kunye nomsebenzi Goncharova njengoko imisebenzi yakhe ebalaseleyo. Kodwa Ivan Aleksandrovich akazange afune ukuba bahlale bengasebenzi, kwaye sinandipha uzuko. Ngoko, ndaqalisa umsebenzi phezu inoveli omtsha - "Open". Lo msebenzi komntwana wakhe, lowo wamvusayo kangangoko engama-20.

I inoveli wokugqibela

ukugula ngengqondo kunye nokudakumba - elalichaphazeleka kubo kule minyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe Goncharov, umsebenzi zaba yimpumelelo kakhulu ubomi. "Vula" - kodwa ke ngumsebenzi lokugqibela ezinkulu zombhali. Emva Ivan Aleksandrovich ogqityiweyo ngaphezu kwakhe emsebenzini, waza waqalisa ukuphila nzima. Kakade ke, wayefuna ukuba ubhale incwadi entsha, kodwa ke kuye, yaye sele esingaqalwanga. Wayesoloko wabhala oneengxaki aze kancinci. Nabo badla ukhale ukuba akukho xesha ukuqonda ngokunzulu iziganeko-elibaleka ubomi lwanamhlanje. Kwakufuneka ixesha ukuqonda kwabo. Zonke emithathu umbhali yenoveli ezotywe pre-hlengiso Russia, leyo yena wayeqonda ngokugqibeleleyo. Iziganeko zale minyaka izayo Ivan Aleksandrovich kakuhle kakhulu, yaye engazihlambanga amandla yokuziphatha okanye ngokwasemzimbeni ukufunda nzulu. Sekunjalo, yena ngenkuthalo kwakuhambisana nabanye ababhali, yaye akazange ashiye umsebenzi wokudala.

Uye ebhalwe izincoko ezininzi: "Xa ngasempumalanga aseSiberia", "Journey kunye iVolga", "Uqobo Hosi" kunye nabanye abaninzi. Abanye zishicilelwe kokufa kwakhe. Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele ukuba inani imisebenzi yakhe ebalulekileyo. Nazi kumzobo edume Goncharov "zillion intuthumbo", "Kulungile emva kwe never", "Emakuqatshelwe kwi Belinsky", njalo njalo ngokuqinileyo Bona yanele kwi yemihla ugxekwa Russian njengemizekelo ezaziwa yokucinga uncwadi nobugcisa ..

ukufa

Ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba 1891 Goncharov (ubomi kunye nomsebenzi zichazwa ngokufutshane kweli nqaku) kubanda. Kwiintsuku ezintathu emva koko, lo gama kuphela, umbhali omkhulu wafa. Ivan Alexandrovich wangcwatyelwa St Nicholas emangcwabeni ye-Alexander Nevsky Lavra (emva kwesiqingatha senkulungwane kothuthu sombhali zadluliselwa kwi the Amangcwaba). Xa "Journal of Europe" kanye obituary wabonakala: ". Kanye Saltykov, Ostrovsky, Aksakov, Herzen, Turgenev, Goncharov, ziya kuhlala phezu izikhundla eziphambili iincwadi zethu"