Biography of uSocrates - lwalo izimvo nzulu ngezinto

Unyana umakhi waza umfazi owayembelekisa baseAthene, owazalwa, kuyabonakala ukuba, kunyaka 469 phambi kokuzalwa kukaKrestu, aziwa ehlabathini lonke. Biography of uSocrates - i "uyise"-bulumko idealist - ekhoyo kuthi imithombo emininzi. Okokuqala, iyasebenza ngumlandeli walo uPlato, owabhala "Apology" teacher wakhe, umsebenzi noXenophon. iqhawe eli nqaku akazange abhale nayiphi na imisebenzi, yaye anelisekile incoko abaphulaphuli. Wayekholelwa ukuba ngale ndlela kuphuhliswa kuzo ubugcisa yokucinga. Ukongeza, le ngobomi kaSocrates (okanye, gxebe, ezinye data kuyo) ukuba ngokuyinxenye ihlawulwe ukususela comedy of Aristophanes 'Amafu'. Noko ke, lo msebenzi kokuba ufunde kunokuba a izwekazi njengomntwana onengqondo edumileyo, umbhali wayo Greek zabhidaniseka abachasi bakhe - abameli isikolo Sophists.

I-sobulumko odumileyo baseAthene, owayebizwa ngokuba "zibawu 'abantu baseAthene, owayephila ngexesha le Peloponnesian War. Xa Incopho bomhla-bakhe Sophists, akazange athi kwesilumko. Wenza igama elithi "uPhilo-Nozipho." Oko kukuthi, uSocrates ingqalelo ngokwakhe ngumthandi wobulumko, esithi wayengazi nto ngokuqinisekileyo, yaye yaziwa kanye kuphela. Wagxeka imigaqo yenkululeko, nakwinzalelwane polis ebengumGrike, akanyanzelwanga ukuba ngongendawo ngokukhulu, waphakamisa yentukuthelo zabemi abemi kunye nezityholo lokunyelisa yaza ekugqibeleni wagwetyelwa ukufa. Nanga amagama ambalwa ngobomi yakhe emfutshane. USocrates, nangona loo kulwazi oluncinane ngaye, wazala kwisikolo yokucinga bulumko, nto leyo zezifundo Soviet ebizwa ngokuba "yimibono njongo."

Umahluko omkhulu phakathi "zizibawu" baseAthene le Sophists kukuba wayezibona kubalulekile nje kuphela into ayinyani kwingqiqo ( "umntu Nomlinganiso izinto zonke"), kodwa injongo. Le yokugqibela akholelwa Mind. Yaba yena, "bomthonyama" - akuphela kwento ngemvelaphi nguThixo lobuchopho bomntu, yaye yena uMgwebi wabo bonke ezikhathazayo. Ingqondo ngenxa inyaniso ifumaneke kuthi. Kungenjalo, elowo uya kuhlala ngokoluvo lwakhe, kwaye ukuba akukho njongo eqhelekileyo. Ngummeli wowona ulungileyo le kelelo ukuya inyaniso Daymonion (ilizwi elingaphakathi, isazela). Ifilosofi bobuchule unobomi yayo. Biography uSocrates uyasibonisa ukuba kunobuzaza kakhulu malunga iimbono zakhe. Philosophy, ukususela umbono wakhe - oku nobugcisa baphila kakuhle. Ngoko ke, eyona njongo nokucamngca kufuneka ibe ontology (ntoni apho), kunye neendlela zokuziphatha.

Nangona kunjalo, lo ngobomi kaSocrates uthetha into yokuba lo mbuzo ulwazi, kakhulu, waba kuye omnye wemiba ephambili. Kufuneka sifune kakuhle, ukufumanisa iyonke iseti. Kodwa lo yoqheliso kulungile kuphela yokuziphatha, ngokuba kuphela ngokwabo ungafunda nokuphuhlisa ezintle - ukuzeyisa, ubulungisa, inkalipho ... kwendlela kuphela ukufikelela injongo eyodwa loluntu - okulungileyo epheleleyo. biographers abaninzi uSocrates wayekholelwa ukuba i "lale ethical". Ngapha koko, sobulumko wayekholelwa ukuba uyazi isidima, luyakwazi practice. Ukuze wenze oku, kukho indlela yokuba uSocrates "kuhlola" nonina - maieutics. Esi ngengqiqo abayinqobo kuye, apho u ukusunduza interlocutor kukuba wafumana impendulo efanelekileyo.

Phakathi abafundi abaninzi kaSocrates, Alcibiades yaba ngumpolitiki. Rumor yokuba yena wayemthanda sobulumko ongowenyama, kodwa yokugqibela wenqaba isicelo sakhe. Wayekholelwa ukuba lwalamano emzimbeni ukuthintela iimpawu ezifana titsongahata. USocrates wasindisa oziphethe kunye mkhosi ngexesha wayesilwa yiSparta, bexhobile kuphela club - elinye ijoni akazange afune ukubulala sobulumko bengaxhobanga.

Kodwa ngumhlobo Alcibiades kakubi bayahlelwa nzulu ngezinto. Imeko yezopolitiko eAthens utshintshile, imigaqo-nkqubo wawela akakholiswa nguye, yaye uSocrates wamangalelwa ungambekiyo oothixo kunye esonakalisa ulutsha. Sobulumko waqhubeka ngokuziqhenya kakhulu ngethuba letyala kwaye yathi ifanelwe na isohlwayo, kodwa mdlalo. Noko ke, yena wagwetyelwa ukufa. Njengoko umntu simahla, wayesela ityhefu (ngasendleleni, hayi ngumhlonyane, ngokutsho legend, yaye, ngokucacileyo, nokuhlanganiswa ngumhlonyane) kunye wabulela UAsclepius (uthixo wokuphilisa) ukuze achache. Ngoko sazi wavakalisa umnqweno bakhe ukuba bangene kwihlabathi elingcono kunalowo awayephila kulo ngaphambili. Oku kwenzeka ngo-399 BC. Sobulumko uSocrates, ogama womfundisi ngokufutshane apha kweli nqaku, wenza engumzekelo kunye uyafundisa ubomi bakhe nje kuphela, kodwa ukufa.