Sobulumko Friedrich Engels: biography kunye nemisebenzi

Friedrich Engels, ogama biography of umdla omkhulu kubaphandi abaninzi, weza esuka kumvelisi textile usapho, kunokuba ngempumelelo ngelo xesha. Unina ekrelekrele, elungileyo, yaba ingqiqo elungileyo uburharha, omthandayo ubugcisa kunye noncwadi. Frederick wayenabantakwabo-8 kunye noodade. Ngaphezu koko, yena saqhotyoshelwa kuMariya. ngakumbi Cinga ngaphezu odumileyo Friedrich Engels. Biography, ubuchule, iimbono nayo kweli nqaku.

ulutsha

Friedrich Engels (wahlala 1820-1895) wazalelwa Barmen. Kulo mzi, waya oneminyaka eli-14 ubudala ukuya esikolweni uze high school Elberfeld. Xa ngokuthi uyise ukuba 1837th washiya izifundo zakhe waza waqalisa ukusebenza inkampani a ephethwe yi usapho. Ngo-Agasti ka-1838 ukuya ku-Epreli ka-1841 Friedrich Engels, ifoto apho linikwa kwi nqaku waya kufunda kwi kurhwebo elithile. Le mfundo nanako Bremen. Apho wazakhela intatheli. Xa wayeneminyaka eli-18, Friedrich Engels (wokuzalwa ngoNovemba 28) babhala inqaku lakhe lokuqala. Ukususela ngoSeptemba 1841 phambili, wakhonza eBerlin. Apho belikhona ithuba lokuya izifundo eyunivesithi masidibane kunye Hegelians Young.

Friedrich Engels: A Biography (Isishwankathelo bahlalise eNgilani ukususela 1842 ukuya 1844).

NgoNovemba 1842, yena, ecanda Cologne. Kulo mzi, waba kwintlanganiso yokuqala kunye Marx. Kwathi amagama "Rheinische Zeitung". Kufuneka ke ukuba umhlobo omtsha wamthabatha kakhulu kubanda. Oku kungenxa yokuba Marx yakholwa abatsha Hegelians yakhe. Kunye nezimvo zabo baye ayixhaswa. Emva koko Friedrich Engels waya eManchester. Apho ke wayeza ukuba bayigqibe imfundo yakhe cotton lokusila kayise. ENgilani, wachitha phantse iminyaka emibini. Apha wadibana Irish Lydia kunye Meri Berns. Ekubeni bobabini phambi ekupheleni kwemihla yakhe, wahlala neentlobano ezishushu. Ngelo xesha uMariya yaba yeyokuqala, uLydia - umfazi wakhe wesibini. Ekubeni bobabini, wayehlala ngobuhlobo. Kodwa eyokuqala neyesibini, yena bawelela imigaqo yokufa zonke Engels wenza umtshato ngokusesikweni.

amanyathelo ekuguqukeni

Friedrich Engels, engobomi kunye nemisebenzi kuhlangene ukuba iziganeko ezenzeka emsebenzini, eNgilani, ndakwazi aqhelane nobomi bemihla abantu abasebenzayo, apho kamva waba phezu Outlook yakhe impembelelo ebalulekileyo. Apha waqalisa intsebenziswano bakhe "League of the nje" (umbutho olululo elo xesha), kwakunye Chartists e Leeds. ENgilani, baza baqalisa ukuhamba inqaku lakhe ukupapashwa Owenisten, apapashwa kwi "North Star". Ukongeza, imbalelwano kwaqhutywa kunye "Rheinische Zeitung". NgoNovemba 1843rd Friedrich Engels wabhala amanqaku malunga ulawulo lwamaKomanisi kwilizwekazi laseYurophu. NgoFebruwari 1844 ileta yokuqala ukuvela kwi iimpapasho yonyaka German-French. Ezili eNgilani, yaba omaziyo nembongi kunye noMphathi Trade Werth. Kamva, wayeza kuba yintloko umhlathi amanqaku satirical kwixesha olululo kwi "iNeue Rheinische Zeitung".

Friedrich Engels: A Biography ukususela 1844 ukuya 1845.

Isiphumo lokuqala elibalulekileyo nasekufundweni yoqoqosho lwezopolitiko yaba inqaku th 1844. It Friedrich Engels wazama ukubonisa eziphikisanayo kuluntu longxowankulu. Wagxeka apologetics inzululwazi yongxowankulu kule meko. Ngandlel 'ithile, lo inqaku wenza Marx ukwenza iincwadi kwezoqoqosho. Ngowe-1844 kwafika Inqaku lokuqala German-French Yonyaka. Lakhe Marx yapapashwa kwaye Ruge e Paris. manqaku matsha namkhusane uhambelwano elide. Endleleni eya eJamani, Friedrich Engels kunye uKarl Marx wadibana okwesihlandlo sesibini. Ngeli xesha, emoyeni wayenobubele ngakumbi. Bobabini, weyiseka ukuba izimvo zabo twatse ngokupheleleyo. Ukususela kulaa mzuzu ukuya phambili, Friedrich Engels kunye uKarl Marx waqalisa ukusebenza ngokusondeleyo.

isigaba entsha

Ngowe-1845-m, babuyela eJamani Fridrih Engels wabhala umsebenzi omkhulu kwi imeko yabasebenzi eNgilani. Xa waqala ukuba iingxaki kubudlelwane kunye noyise. Ukongezelela, iingxaki kwavela kunye namapolisa (ngokuba yena phantsi esweni). Marx wayenazo ubunzima nomthetho French. Konke oku kuye kwanyanzeleka abahlobo ukuba afudukele eBelgium. Eli lizwe kwakujongwa ngelo xesha eyona simahla eYurophu. NgoJulayi abahlobo 1845 ndaya eNgilani. Apho wadibana nabameli "League koliLungisa" kunye Chartists ezininzi. Emva kokubuyela eBrussels ngo-1846 yeKomiti wamaKomanisi yasekwa. Yaba umzimba virtual ekwenzeni inkonzo yeposi phakathi wobusoshiyali onke amazwe aseYurophu. Phambi lowe-1846, baba iimbono dialectical-izinto eziphathekayo, njengoko ichazwe kamva emigudwini yabo eqhelekileyo "ideology isiJamani". Kulo msebenzi ke abachasene izimvo zabo eziphathekayo Feuerbach kunye yimibono wentombi Hegelians. Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo ka-1846 Friedrich Engels waqalisa ukubhala ukuba uhlelo French ka La Réforme, yaye ukususela 1847 ukuze iphephandaba German-Brussels yokuqala. Kulo nyaka ka League koliLungisa wafumana kunikezo ukungena nokubunjwa kwayo. Engels and Marx wayithimba. Emva koko, baye negalelo lifune ukubaliswa kwe lombutho uManyano ngamaKomanisi. Okokuqala Congress wayalela Marx ukuphuhlisa okubhaliweyo idrafti "creed wamaKomanisi." Kamva kwasekwa sisiseko IManifesto Communist Party.

Revolution ka 1948-1949.

Ngexesha esibaziyo Fridrih Engels ngezangqa ezininzi. Ebudeni revolution yena, kunye neqabane lakhe, babhala izinto ngenxa elisandula kusekwa Rheinische Zeitung. Xa umsebenzi wethu, ukuvakalisa iimfuno Communist Party eJamani, ke abachasene nokuthunyelwa iziganeko olululo lizwe. Ngowe-1848, njengenxalenye yeqela ntliziyo Engels bafudukela Cologne. Apha wabhala amanqaku eziliqela malunga Juni mvukelo e Paris. Yena lwathi isiganeko njengoko imfazwe yokuqala phakathi sabasebenzi kunye noohlohlesakhe. NgoSeptemba 1848 wanyanzelwa ukuba ushiye eJamani. Eli xesha wayeka e Lausanne (kwisixeko Swiss). Kukho waqhubeka imbalelwano esebenzayo kunye "iNeue Rheinische Zeitung". E Lausanne Engels wathabatha inxaxheba yintshukumo yabasebenzi. NgoJanuwari 1949 wabuyela Cologne. Apho wabhala uthotho lwamanqaku malunga umzabalazo inkululeko yesizwe yabantu Italian kunye Hungarian.

impi yombango

Waqala kwintsimi German kumzantsi-ntshona kunye nentshona ngoMeyi ka-1849. NgoJuni kulo nyaka, Engels zahlangana of the People of Palatinate kunye Baden umkhosi. Wathabatha inxaxheba imfazwe nxamnye Prussia kunye Elbertfeldskom qhankqalazo. Ngelo xesha leva Becker. Baden Last wakhokelela ukumelana ethandwayo. Emva kwexeshana eyoba ubuhlobo olomeleleyo phakathi kwabo. Emva kokuba woyisa umkhosi mbuso, Engels uya kuqala eSwitzerland yaye emva koko eNgilani.

Sebenza kwi Communist League

NgoNovemba ka-1849, Engels waya eLondon. Kukho ukuba aqhubeke nomsebenzi wakhe Union. Kwiminyaka elandelayo wabhala inani amanqaku ezahlukeneyo. Ngokukodwa, omnye yokuqala yaba sisiphumo iziganeko yotshintsho olululo. Ethetha njengelungu le-Central Committee Union, Engels wabhala inqaku, isibheno kumalungu ombutho. Ngelo xesha kwenzeka kumzabalazo wokulwa Schapper kunye Willich, emanyene. Bambiza ke revolution ngokukhawuleza. Engels wathetha malunga adventure ezi ngxelo, boyika ekwahlulweni Union. Kwisahlulo mbutho yonke yenzeka ekwindla ka-1850.

umsebenzi journalistic

Ngowe-1850, Engels wafika Manchester. Apho wayesebenza kwinkampani yorhwebo kayise wakhe, eshiya unyana wakhe nesabelo kwishishini. Emva kwexesha elithile, Engels inxalenye yayo nangoku ithengiswe. ingeniso yakhe, kubandakanywa nokubhalwa kwakwanele ukuba nantoni na ndikukhanyele. Ukongezelela, ukususela imali zalo seyinike uncedo lwezimali Marx. Last azive kwindawo nzima kakhulu. Engels wabhala le New York "Daily Tribune" phephandaba. Of amanqaku yona swi nga revolution eJamani. Bona abangcwalisiweyo imibuzo ngamaqhinga ekukhokeleni umzabalazo wezigalo. Ukususela ngelo xesha, Friedrich Engels - nguyise Marxism.

themes zomkhosi

Engels waba amava obomi ngokwanelisayo zizityebi. Akwamnceda ube yincutshe kwi emkhosini. Wabhala inani lamanqaku ezinikelwe izifundo emkhosini. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho inqaku kwi imeko e-China ne-Indiya, eUnited States. Amanqaku nazo ozinikezeleyo Italo-Franco-Austria kunye Franco-Prussia War. amanqaku "Navy" yaye "Umkhosi" yapapashwa kwi Encyclopedia Americana. Ngexesha lemfazwe Italian Engels yapapasha iphecana engaziwa othi "Po kunye iRhine". Ekupheleni kwemfazwe kubhaliwe kwathiwa inqaku malunga savoy, Nice kunye iRhine. Ngowe-1865 oko kwakhululwa incwadana umbuzo zomkhosi Prussia kunye Party i-German Workers. Uninzi amanqaku akhe zamkelwe abafundi imisebenzi eyabhalwa jikelele Prussia. Urhulumente Prussia ngokwayo izihlandlo eziliqela wazama ukufumana emuva Marx kunye Engels.

International

Ukususela ekupheleni kukaSeptemba 1864-th Engels phakathi kweenkokeli zayo. Waqalisa ukusebenzisana bayawafundisisa Liebknecht kunye Bebel. Ndawonye balwa nxamnye lokusekwa SDLP eJamani kunye Lassalleanism. Ngo-Oktobha 1870, Engels wafudukela eLondon. Ukususela 1871 wasebenza njengelungu le-General Council of the International, ohambelana unobhala eSpain Belgium, uze emva koko eItali. Kwinkomfa e London, Engels wabiza ukuyilwa kwilizwe ngalinye beqela olululo abasebenzi. Xa kunjalo ke baye babonisa ukuba imfuneko sokumisela ngolawulo ngokozwi lakhe labasebenzi.

umsebenzi wakhe

Ukususela 1873 waqala ukubhala njenge sobulumko waseJamani. Friedrich Engels waqalisa ukusebenza "Dialectics of Nature". Kulo msebenzi obekumele ukuba ukunika gabalala dialectical izinto zonke impumelelo yenzululwazi yendalo. Ukubhala i-ngqangi yaqhubeka kangangeminyaka eli-10. Kodwa Engels lo msebenzi zange lugqitywe. Ngowe-1872-73 gg. wachaza umbuzo yezindlu, igunya, uncwadi emigre. Ngo-1875 waqalisa ukusebenzisana Marx kwi Lassallean wagxeka iziphakamiso ucwangciso lepati abasebenzi German '. Ngowe-1877-78. ezinye izinto nxamnye Dühring sapapashwa. Kamva, baya uhlelo enye. Lo msebenzi ithathwa kakhulu esiluqilima zonke, wadala ngonaphakade. Ngo March 1883 Marx wafa. Ukususela ngelo xesha kwaqalisa ixesha kunokuba nzima.

umsebenzi olunye

Emva kokufa Marx, uxanduva lonke ukugqitywa kunye nokupapasha imiqulu yesibini neyesithathu ka "Capital 'wawela Engels. Ngoko ke, eneneni, wayesebenza kude ukufa kwakhe. Ngelo xesha, ke, baye ezikhutshiweyo kunye nemisebenzi yakhe. Ngowe-1884 kube kugqitywe umsebenzi, nto leyo eye yaba ngomnye isitshixo ekuqondeni Marxism. Lichaza imvelaphi karhulumente, ipropati yabucala kunye nosapho. Ngowe-1886, kwafika omnye umsebenzi obaluleke enikelwe Feuerbach. Umsebenzi 1894th epapashwe kwi umbuzo yamahlwempu Germany kunye neFransi. It kwakugquba pauperization abaninzi yabemi.

Ukusebenzisana abavukeli Russian

Engels, ngomdla ingakumbi imeko kweli lizwe. Wakwazi ukuseka i uxhulumaniso kunye Lopatin, Lavrov, Volkhov kunye nezinye isantya-abenzi. Bona kuyancomeka imisebenzi Dobrolyubov, Chernyshevsky. Engels iqaphele yokuqaqadeka sisidima, unyamezelo, ukuzincama. Ngelo xesha ke ziye yagxekwa babebona zabo populist. Ngendlela yayilingana ne Zasulich kunye Plekhanov. Ekubeni ke wadibana ngovuyo olukhulu kunye neendaba malunga nemfundo kwizangqa Russian ekuhlaleni lombutho "Ukukhululwa lezaBasebenzi". Engels wayenethemba ukuba akwazi ukuphila ngokuvisisana mzuzu xa Russia uya kubhukuqwa tsarism kunye uloyiso lomzabalazo wenguqu epheleleyo yobusoshiyali.

A indima ekhethekileyo kwintshukumo

Engels ngokufanelekileyo ingqalelo ngunozala ekukhawulweni izinto zembali. Yena, kunye neqabane lakhe, processing wenziwe uqoqosho yamaphephandaba lwezopolitiko. Sikunye Marx, wadala izinto eziphathekayo dialectical, ubukomanisi zenzululwazi. Kuthotho imisebenzi yakhe, echaza umbono omtsha ngendlela engqongqo inkqubo, wabalaselisa iimpawu zayo eziphambili, imithombo theoretical component. Konke oku kuye negalelo kakhulu uloyiso iingcamango Marxism kumbutho wabasebenzi ngamazwe 'kwi kwenkulungwane ye-19. Ngexesha uphuhliso imfundiso kwingxelo loqoqosho, iye yachazwa iipateni ezininzi oluthile nophuhliso loluntu likumgangatho amandulo ziwayo feudal. Wachazelwa ukuvela kwipropati yabucala, ukuyilwa iiklasi, ukudalwa karhulumente. Kulaa minyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe, Engels ingqalelo enkulu ukuba iingxaki yobudlelwane phakathi ezisisiseko kwezoqoqosho, ezopolitiko kunye superstructures nemibono. Ingakumbi emsebenzini wakhe siqaqambisa imfuneko ukuchaza nefuthe elikhulu kubomi bentlalo iingqiqo kwezopolitiko kwiiklasi ezithile, umzabalazo wabo kogonyamelo, nangeendlela abaci kunye nobudlelwane zomthetho. Engels idlale indima enkulu kuphuhliso lwe theory abangabaxhasi bakaMarx zobugcisa kunye noncwadi. Ezinye iindawo esayensi aye baba ngakumbi ngenxa yegalelo lakhe ekufundiseni. Phakathi kwabo - imfundiso imithetho dialectical inzululwazi yendalo kunye nendalo, emkhosini kunye nomkhosi.

Igalelo kwintshukumo zabasebenzi

Engels and Marx baphikelela umanyano nemiba yeengcingane and practical. ngokudibeneyo Baye liphuhlise inkqubo yenzululwazi, amaqhinga kunye nesicwangciso-qhinga sabasebenzi. Bakwazi ukuzithethelela indima sabasebenzi njengoko umdali uluntu elitsha, imfuneko yokuba kusekwe wotshintsho iqela, bethwele wenguqu epheleleyo yobusoshiyali ukuseka ngokozwi lakhe abasebenzi. Engels and Marx baba namagqwetha Ukusebenzisana. Zezona umbutho wokuqala ngezizwe abasebenzi ahlelwa.

Imisebenzi ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iinkonzo Engels lilikhulu. Ngeli xesha ke yakwazi ukuvelisa inzululwazi abangabaxhasi bakaMarx, egcwalisa isicwangciso kunye Amaqhinga nentetho equkayo, fresh theoretical component. Ukongeza, baza baqalisa umzabalazo ngamahlelo ngasekhohlo kunye avelayo, okuzigwagwisa ngexhanti ngaphakathi amaqela yali. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, wasebenza kumthamo wesithathu "Capital". Xa iimbono zakhe, wabhekisela ezinye iimpawu uphawu impiriyali - entsha nqanaba Ukukhula kobungxowankulu. Ngexesha yonke imisebenzi Engels, kunye neqabane lakhe kunye nentsebenziswano umbhali ingqalelo ugonyamelo inguqu anti-bongxowankulu njengokuba kwisigaba sokugqibela somzabalazo phakathi oohlohlesakhe kunye sabasebenzi. Kodwa emva kokuba iziganeko ka 1848-49. baye sijongisise ngengqondo ngakumbi longquzulwano yemihla ngemihla abasebenzi amalungelo abo. I 1894th Engels yezempilo zimbi kakhulu. Oogqirha unesifo kuye umhlaza kuvuleke iminxunya. Ngowe-1895, 5 Agasti, wafa. Xa intando yakhe yokugqibela yaye sitshisiwe umzimba. I ingqayi nothuthu kwehliswa elwandle e Eastbourne.