Mondragon self-ukulayisha umbayimbayi (Mexico): inkcazelo, imbali kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yokugqibela phakathi Uphuhliso oluqhubela phambili nemipu ngesiquphe wangena Mexico - yaba nelungelo yeyokuzingca ukulayisha yokuqala eli lizwe umpu Mondragon, iimpawu zayo ongekho ngaphantsi iintlobo ezininzi yaseYurophu shotgun. Development injalo izixhobo oluzenzekelayo abenza amajoni zokudubula, Jikelele Manuel Mondragon. Yena watyelela eYurophu ngomsebenzi kumazwe obuphambili iingalo, Ndafika kwisigqibo sokuba kwilizwe ifuna izixhobo zayo oluzenzekelayo. Iqala ibali umpu odumileyo Mondragon.

Development yeprojekthi

Development le projekthi yaqala ngo-1892. Ngexesha elifutshane loo jikelele unako ukuqulunqa ingqiqo jikelele, kwaye sele yi th 1896 enelungelo design entsha, leyo kuye kwaqatshelwa eUnited States, Belgium kunye France. Kodwa lo msebenzi zange wama - Mondragon uwise eqhubekekayo ukuze kuphuculwe.

Olona phawu iphambili imipu ezintsha waba oluzenzekelayo, eya kusebenza kwi amandla zegesi powder. Ngeli xesha, obu bugcisa kwakusithiwa "engeluncedo lwanto" nokudala njengendlela ethembekileyo ngokwenene kwakungenakwenzeka. Jikelele ukuze kushukuxwe le mba. Ngexesha uphuhliso umpu projekthi unenzondelelo iinguqu ezibalulekileyo. Enye utshintsho olunjalo uhlobo neekhatriji nge 6.5 mm x 48 7 x 57 mm. Ukongeza, izicwangciso umphuhlisi yaba ingcamango yokudala iimbumbulu yakho. Kodwa ke ulwalathiso kuphela apho umsebenzi wenziwe ngokuqhubekekayo, kwaba ukudala indlela ethembekileyo ulayishe oluzenzekelayo.

ziyindlela oluzenzekelayo

Ngaloo maxesha, Mondragon uwise mayixhotyiswe indlela ngokwanelisayo ethembekileyo ukuba recharge oluzenzekelayo, owayesebenza phezu amandla zegesi powder. Eyona elementi injini gas abe ityhubhu-istili ngaphakathi apho piston uze ubuyele entlakohlaza. I-piston uba attachment okhethekileyo yokudityaniswa shutter. Gas pipe-istili ibekwe phantsi umphanda - enye inkalo ye sixhobo. Kunye naye, yena saqhotyoshelwa kule receiver. Waye tab ezikhethekileyo zazifuneka ukufumana ethwala kunye itshixa umphanda. Ukongeza, ngaphakathi ibhokisi uqikelelo ezikhethekileyo - uphumle kuzo, yokubolekisana kwasiso.

Ngoko nangoko shutter ebelilungu zezindlu kunye lunamaqoqo, emathambekeni kunye nemijelo helical, nto leyo eyanyanzelisa ukuba uphendule xa ehamba. Ngaphakathi kwesango self-ukulayisha umbayimbayi Mondragon waba ijelo encinane apho kwaba obetha.

Isakhelo isango kunye nendlela kubangela

Kwicala yomfumani waba okhethekileyo ezisikiweyo, apho kwakufuneka ukulungiselela isiciko enokususwa kunye ngesiphatho. Isiphatho, nayo, lixhotyiswe iqhosha zooswingi enxibelelana edakiwe langaphakathi. Movement umqheba emva kwenzeka disengagement le ethole nencula negesi. I 'disengaged "kunye ukubuya yasentwasahlobo, yenzela lula ukuba ulayishe ngesandla. indlela beqhumisa Umothuko-uhlobo ibekwe phantsi Ezomva yomfumani, ngomhla kwisakhelo kwakuxhomekeke. Iinguqulelo zokuqala umfuziselo umlilo kuphela izithonga enye, baxhotyiswa nabalindi isilayidi lowo sinamafu intshukumo ye adubule.

Kamva, Mondragon umpu yatshintsha kakhulu, nto leyo ithuba lokuqhuba umlilo oluzenzekelayo. Ukuhlanganisa kwakhona kwaphuculwa - wavuka uneswitshi, eziquka Ukuvutha imo ukudubula. Phambi USM umthamo ivenkile ibekwe kwemijikelo-10. It wabekwa icala ngoncedo umboniso.

isenzo oluzenzekelayo

Xa ucofa 'umnyele, ukuxakaxwa, betha pin ukudutyulwa, xa kuthe kwakho imbabala ikepusi kunye kwanokubuyisela kwazo. Bystroobrazuyuschiesya iigesi powder ngokusebenzisa ijelo okhethekileyo buti yeyela umbhobho esisi, waza wasebenza phezu piston, kwanyanzeleka ukuba ngasemva. Ngexesha intshukumo piston Oluma emthonjeni ukubuyela nizihlabe kwasiso kwindawo diff - atsalwa kwaye izikhulu iCartridge.

Emva ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo iigesi lomgubo ayinakolulwa ukubuyela komnyaka, alityhala piston waza wemka shutter. Nabani ihamba phambili kwaye ezijikelezayo, ziya kuthunyelwa egumbini a iCartridge kwaye itshixa yazala umphanda. Ngokukhawuleza emva koko, ungenza i shot elandelayo. ingathengwa Mexican Mondragon yiNTSHOLONGWANE yi retracting ethole umva. Oku kuvula i window ukuba u- casings iqokobhe, kwaye emva koko bayizalisa evenkileni ngoncedo umboniso. intshukumo reverse shutter kwigumbi iya kuthunyelwa nenqaba.

Ezinye iinkalo umpu

Olona phawu iphambili afohlela sele ukulayisha okusebenzayo. Isibakala sokuba eyilwe ukuvumela ukuba zisebenze kwimo yokusebenza ngesandla okanye oluzenzekelayo. Oku kwaqinisekisa ukusebenza kwezixhobo, kwanokuba ingcolisekile ityhubhu igesi. Kwi kwisakhelo isilayidi uye iqhosha eyodwa disconnects emthonjeni yokubuyiswa kweengxelo shutter, ngaloo ndlela zokutshintshelwa umpu ukulayisha imo manual.

Enye into kukuba ubukho umpu oluphuculweyo model, eyaziwa njenge umpu self-kulayishwa Mondragon M1908 (Switzerland). Eyona nto kukuba emva kokugqitywa kuphuhliso - ngo-1893 - akukho nanye amazwe abazange nabuganga ukuqala imveliso isixhobo entsha ezenzekelayo. Kwaba kuphela emva kwethutyana imvumelwano imveliso ye afohlela-50 zokuqala isayinwe Switzerland.

Ukuba umpu Swiss Mondragon M1908

Xa gunsmiths Switzerland Uqhelene izixhobo ezitsha automatic, baza baqhubeka ukuphucula kuyo. Ukuqala iCartridge omtsha ukhululwe - 5,2h48 mm, nto leyo yahluke ukusuka iimbumbulu eqhelekileyo (6,5h48 mm) arcade Isiqu lokutywina kunye nobukho washer ezizodwa, esalinikwayo indawo oluchanekileyo echibini.

Emva koko, ngentsebenziswano amagunya amabini baqala ukuphuhlisa neekhatriji for afohlela 7,5h55 mm, .30-30 no 7x57 mm "Mauser". Le ukhetho lokuqala umdla kurhulumente Swiss. Zokuzenzela efanayo ukuvuleka 7x57 mm mekikantsam wayethanda - ngoko kukho lunee ezimbini izixhobo zokuqala ezenzekelayo: umpu Mondragon Fika. Ngowe-1908, esebenza eMexico, yaye Mondragon M1908 eSwitzerland.

Nxi ezalandela

Isiphelo ngakumbi kwezixhobo oluzenzekelayo asiphumelelanga. Ngenxa ixabiso eliphezulu urhulumente Swiss nako ukuphumeza zonke iimveliso wakhululwa. Ukuthenga ayikwazanga kakuhle nokuba Mexico. Ngaphezu koko, ngo-1911 kweli lizwe amazwe (Switzerland) yaba revolution, kunye neesampuli amakhulu basala ukuqokelela uthuli kwi indawo yokugcina.

Urhulumente olululo iye izame ukuphumeza isixhobo. Kwaye ekuqaleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I basayina isivumelwano sobonelelo shotgun Germany. Apha baxhobe abaqhubi. Kamva, emva kokuba iinguqu ezibalulekileyo ezithe zaphunyezwa izixhobo ngaphezu kwezigidi 1.7. Amazwe kufuneka self-ukulayisha umbayimbayi M. Mondragon - Mexico, Chile, ePeru, China kunye Japan. Imveliso ye afohlela oluzenzekelayo wayeka ngo-1950. Ngaphambi kwalo, umpu ixesha inxaxheba kungquzulwano ezininzi ezinkulu axhobileyo kwaye iye yaba enye yezi ntlobo uthandwayo izixhobo.