Ingongoma yomntu ngamnye (ITP): isikimu, umgaqo wokusebenza, ukusebenza

Ingongoma yomzimba ngamnye isethi yezixhobo, ezikwindawo ehlukeneyo, ezibandakanya izixhobo zethempile. Inika uxhumano kumnatha womnatha wezityalo, ukuguqulwa kwawo, ukuphathwa kweendlela zokusetyenziswa kotshiso, ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuhanjiswa ngeentlobo zokusetyenziswa okupholileyo kunye nokulawulwa kweerameters.

Indawo yokufudumala nganye

Ukufakelwa kwetranshini ezinika iinkonzo izakhiwo okanye iindawo ezizimeleyo yindawo yokushisa, okanye i-ITP efutshane. Yenzelwe ukubonelela ngamanzi ashisayo, umoya wokufudumala kunye nokufudumala kwizakhiwo zokuhlala, izindlu kunye nezakhiwo zoluntu, kunye nezakhiwo zokuvelisa.

Ukusebenza kwayo, kuyimfuneko ukudibanisa kwamanzi kunye nokushisa, kunye nokunikezelwa kwamandla, okuyimfuneko ekusebenziseni izixhobo zokupompoza.

Isitishi esinokufudumala esincinci singasetyenziselwa kwindlu yentsapho enye okanye isakhiwo esincinci esixhunyaniswe ngokuthe ngqo kumnatha womnatha wokunikezela ushushu. Izixhobo ezinjalo zenzelwe ukufudumeza kunye nokufudumala kwamanzi.

Inqaku elikhulu lokushisa lijongene nokuhambisa izakhiwo ezinkulu okanye ezininzi. Amandla alo aphakathi kwe-50 kW ukuya ku-2 MW.

Imisebenzi ephambili

Ingongoma nganye yokushisa inikeza imisebenzi elandelayo:

• Ukuphendula ngokubakho ukushisa kunye nokusetyenziswa okupholileyo.
• Ukukhuselwa kwenkqubo yokunikezela ngentsholongwane ekunyusweni kongxamiseko kweeparameters ezipholileyo.
• Ukunqanda ukusetyenziswa kombane.
• Ukusabalalisa okungafaniyo kobushushu obushushu ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokusetyenziswa kotshisa.
• Ukulungiswa kunye nokulawulwa kweerameters of the flow fluid.
• Ukuguqulwa kohlobo lokupholisa.

Izinzuzo

• Inzuzo ephezulu.
• Ukusebenza kwexesha elide kwinqanaba lokushisa lomntu ngamnye kubonisa ukuba izixhobo zanamhlanje zolu hlobo, ngokungafani nezinye iinkqubo ezingezona zizenzekelayo, zichithe i-30% ngaphantsi kwamandla okushisa.
• Iindleko zokusebenza ziyancitshiswa malunga nama-40-60%.
• Ukukhetha indlela efanelekileyo yokusetyenziswa kotshiso kunye nokulungiswa okuchanekileyo kuya kuvumela ufike kwi-15% ukunciphisa ukulahleka kobushushu.
• Umsebenzi ococekileyo.
• Ukuhambelana.
• Ubungakanani obubanzi beendawo zokushisa zanamhlanje zihambelana ngqo nomthwalo weshushu. Ngendlela yokubumbana, ukufudumala komntu ngamnye kumthwalo we-2 Gcal / iyure ihlanganisa indawo engama-25-30 m ² .
• Inokwenzeka yokubeka le fowuni kwisakhiwo esingaphantsi kwesakhiwo esincinci (zombini kwizakhiwo ezikhoyo kunye nezakhiwo ezakhiweyo).
• Inkqubo yomsebenzi ihamba ngokuzenzekelayo.
• Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo zokusebenza zokushisa akufuneki abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe kakhulu.
• I-ITP (inqaku lomlilo ngamnye) linika induduzo kwigumbi kwaye liqinisekisa ukugcina amandla okusebenza.
• Ikhono lokuseta imo, igxininise kwixesha lemini, ukusetyenziswa kolawulo lweveki kunye neeholide, kunye nokuziphatha kwembuyekezo yemozulu.
• Ukuveliswa komntu ngamnye, kuxhomekeke kwimfuno zabathengi.

Ubungakanani bemithombo yamandla

Isiseko samanyathelo okusindisa amandla yimitha. Le akhawunti iyadingeka ukuba ibale izibalo zokushisa okudliwe phakathi kwenkampani yokunikezela ngoshushu kunye nombhalisi. Emva koko, ixesha eliqhelekileyo umlinganiselo wokusetyenziswa kakhulu ungaphezulu kokusetyenziswa kwangempela, kuba ababoneleli bezoshisa bahlaziya iimpawu zabo xa bebala umthwalo, ngokubhekiselele kwiindleko ezongezelelweyo. Iimeko ezinjalo ziya kuphepha ukufakwa kwamamitha.

Injongo yezixhobo zokulinganisa

• Ukuqinisekisa ukulungiswa kwemali efanelekileyo phakathi kwabathengi nabanamandla.
• Ukubhala iiparamitha zenkqubo yokunikezela ngoshushu, njengengcinezelo, ukushisa nokuhamba okupholileyo.
• Ukubeka iliso ekusebenziseni ngokufanelekileyo umbane.
• Ukulawula phezu komsebenzi wamanzi kunye nokufudumala kokusetyenziswa kobushushu kunye nenkqubo yokubonelela ngoshushu.

Inkqubo yeklasi yeemitha

• I-counter of energy thermal.
• I manometer.
• IHomometer.
• Umguquleli wesiqhelo ekubuyiseni kunye nokubonelela ngepayipi.
• Umtshintshi wokuqala.
• Inkcazo.

INkonzo

• Xhuma umfundi uze uthathe ukufunda.
• Uhlalutyo lweziphene kunye nokufumanisa izizathu zokuvela kwazo.
• Ukuhlola ukuthembeka kweempawu.
• Uhlalutyo lweziphumo.
• Ukuqinisekiswa kweeteknoloji zeteknoloji, kunye nokuthelekiswa kokufundwa kwe-thermometer kwimigangatho yokubonelela nokubuyisela.
• Ukongeza ioli kwiimakhono, ukucoca iifayile, ukujonga abaxhamli behlabathi.
• Ukususwa kokungcola kunye nothuli.
• Iingcebiso zokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwee-intanethi zokunikezela ukushisa kwangaphakathi.

Isakhiwo sesitulo sokushisa

Iskimu sodidi lwe-ITP luquka ezi zilandelayo:

• Faka inethiwekhi yentando.
• Isixhobo sokuphendula.
• Ukuqhagamshela inkqubo yokuphuza umoya.
• Uxhumano lwenkqubo yokufudumala.
• Uxhumano lwamanzi ashushu.
• Ukulungelelaniswa kweengcinezelo phakathi kokusetyenziswa kotshiso kunye neenkqubo zokubonelela ngeeshushu.
• Ukuzaliswa kudibaniswa yikimu elizimeleyo lokufudumala kunye neenkqubo zokungenisa umoya.

Xa ukwakhiwa kwiprojekti yendawo yokushisa, iisodes ezigunyazayo zi:

• Isixhobo sokuphendula.
• Ulungelelaniso lweengcinezelo.
• Faka inethiwekhi yentando.

Ukuqwalaselwa kwamanye amacandelo, kunye nenani lakhe likhethwe ngokuxhomekeka kwisigqibo sokuyila.

Iinkqubo zokusetyenziswa

Iskimu esisemgangathweni somnxeba womntu ngamnye sinokuba neenkqubo ezilandelayo zokubonelela amandla kumbane kubasebenzisi:

• Ukutshisa.
• Amanzi ashushu.
• Ukutshisa nokuhambisa kwamanzi ashushu.
• Ukutshisa, ukuhambisa kwamanzi ashushu kunye nokuphuphuma umoya.

ITP yokufudumala

I-ITP (isicathulo somntu ngamnye) - isiphaluka sizimeleyo, kunye nokufakela i-plate exchanger ye-heat, eyenzelwe i-100% umthwalo. Ukufakelwa kwepompu evulekileyo ihlawulela ukulahlekelwa kwinqanaba lexinzelelo. Inkqubo yokufudumala inikwe amanzi ukusuka kumbhobho wokubuyisela amanethiwekhi okufudumala.

Esi sikhululo sokushisa singakongezwa ngokufakela ngeyunithi yamanzi ashushu, imitha, kunye nezinye iiyunithi ezifunekayo kunye neeyunithi.

ITP ngamanzi ashushu

I-ITP (inqaku lomlilo ngamnye) - isicwangciso sizimeleyo, sifana kunye nesigaba esisodwa. Esi sethi siquka ezimbini zokutshatyalaliswa kwamashishini okushisa, nganye yazo yenzelwe i-50% yomthwalo. Kukho iqela leepompo ezijoliswe ukuhlawulela ukucinywa kwengcinezelo.

Ukongeza, i-unit yokufudumala inokuxhotyiswa ngeyunithi yokufudumala, imitha kunye nezinye iiyunithi ezifunekayo kunye neeyunithi.

I-ITP yokufudumala kunye namanzi ashushu

Kule meko, umsebenzi we-individual point point (ITP) uququzelelwe ngokwekimu elizimeleyo. Ngendlela yokufudumala, i-plate exchange exchanger inikezelwa, eyenzelwe umthwalo we-100%. Isicwangciso sobutyebi bamanzi ashushu sizimeleyo, isigaba esiphambili, kunye neentlobo ezimbini zokutshisa iintsimbi. Ukuze kuhlawulelwe ukucinywa kwengcinezelo, iqela leepompu lifakwe.

Inkqubo yokufudumala inikezwa ngoncedo lwezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokupompa ukusuka kwipayipi yokubuyiswa kwezixhobo zokufudumala. Ukunikezelwa kwamanzi ashushu kusinikwa kwinkqubo yokubonelela kwamanzi abandayo.

Ukongezelela, i-ITP (indawo yokushisa nganye) ifakwe imitha.

I-ITP yokufudumala, ukuhambisa kwamanzi ashushu kunye nokuphuphuma umoya

Inkqubo yokufudumala ifakwe kwisiphaluka esizimeleyo. Kwindlela yokufudumala kunye ne-hewa yokutshintsha i-plate exchanger yokushisa isetyenzisiweyo, yenzelwe u-100% umthwalo. Iskimu sokunikezela kwamanzi ashushu sisigxina, sisigxina, isigaba esisodwa, kunye neenqatyana ezimbini zokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu, zenzelwe i-50% yomthwalo ngamnye. Isihlomelo sokunciphisa izinga lokunyanzeliswa lenziwa ngeqela leepompo.

Inkqubo yokufudumala isondliwa ukusuka kwimibhobho yokubuyiswa kweenethiwekhi zokufudumala. Ukunikezelwa kwamanzi ashushu kusinikwa kwinkqubo yokubonelela kwamanzi abandayo.

Ukongezelela, ukushisa komntu ngamnye kwisakhiwo sezindlu kunokuxhotyiswa ngemitha.

Umgaqo wokusebenza

Iskimu sobushushu sithe ngqo kuxhomekeke kwimimandla yomthombo enikeza amandla we-ITP, kwakunye neempawu zabathengi abakhonjwe yiyo. Okuqhelekileyo kule fenisi yokufakelwa yinkqubo evaliweyo yokunikezela ngamanzi ashushu kunye nokuqhagamsheliswa kwenkqubo yokufudumala ngokukodwa kwesikimu esizimeleyo.

Ingongoma yomlilo ngamnye yomgaqo-nkqubo unalo:

• Ngokutsho kombhobho wonikezelo, i-cooling entere i-ITP, inika ubushushu kuma-heaters of heat and system supply supply system, kwaye iphinda ifake inkqubo yokuphucula umoya.
• Emva koko i-coolant isithunyelwe kwipayipi yokubuyisela kwaye inethiwekhi yempuphu ibuyele kwakhona ukuze iphinde iphinde isetyenziswe kwinkampani yokuvelisa ubushushu.
• Olunye umthamo wokupholisa lungadliwa ngabathengi. Ukuhlawulela ilahleko kumthombo wokushisa kwindawo yokushisa kunye nezamandla kunye nezindlu zokubilisa iibhoyili, iinkqubo zokuhlaziya zibonelelwa ukuba kusetyenziswe iinkqubo zokunwa kwamanzi ngala ma shishini njengomthombo wokushisa.
• Amanzi ompompo angena ekufakekeni kobushushu aphuma ngezixhobo zokupompa kwinkqubo yokubonelela kwamanzi ebanda. Emva koko ezinye zevolumu yazo zithunyelwa kubathengi, enye iyakhutshwa kwisitya sokushisa samanzi kwisigaba sokuqala, ngoko sithunyelwa kwisiphaluka sokuhambisa amanzi ashushu.
• Amanzi kwindawo yokujikeleza ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokupompoza kwamanzi ashushu ashukunyiswa ngumbuthano ukusuka kwindawo yokufudumala kubathengi nasemva. Ngelo xesha, njengoko kufuneka, abathengi bathabatha amanzi ngaphandle kwesekethe.
• Ngethuba lokuhambisa umbane kunye nomjikelezo, ngokukhawuleza unikezela ubushushu bawo. Ukugcina ubushushu obushushu obuphezulu kwizinga eliphezulu, lihlala lifuthelwa kwinqanaba lesibini lomlambo oshushu.
• Inkqubo yokufudumala iyindawo evulekile, apho i-coolant ihamba ngokunceda imipompo yokujikeleza ukusuka kwindawo yokushisa kumthengi nangemva.
• Ngethuba lokusebenza, ukuvuza okupholileyo kungavela kwisekethe yokufudumala. Ukuzaliswa kwelahleko kulawulwa yinkqubo yokuhlaziya i-ITP, esebenzisa amanethiwekhi atshisayo njengomthombo wokushisa.

Ukumisela

Ukulungiselela indawo yokufudumala kwindlu ukuthunyelwa, kuyimfuneko ukungenisa uluhlu olulandelayo lwamaphepha kwi-Energonadzor:

• Iinkcukacha zangoku zoxhumo kunye nesatifikethi sokuphunyezwa kwazo kwintlangano yokunikezela kwamandla.
• Amaphepha eeprojekthi kunye nazo zonke iimfuneko ezifanelekileyo.
• Umthetho wemfanelo yamacandelo okusebenza kunye nokwahlula kwe-balance sheet, ehlanganiswe ngumboleki kunye nabameli be-energy supply organization.
• Isenzo sokulungela ukusebenza ngokusisigxina okanye okwethutyana kwesebe lokubhalisa kwinqanaba lokushisa.
• I-Passport i-ITP eneenkcazo emfutshane malunga neenkqubo zokubonelela ukushisa.
• Isiqinisekiso sokulungela imitha yokushisa.
• Isatifiketi sokugqiba isivumelwano kunye nenkonzo yokunikezela kwamandla ekunikezeni ukushisa.
• Isatifikethi sokwamkela umsebenzi owenziweyo (kunye nenombolo yelayisenisi kunye nomhla wokukhutshwa) phakathi komthengi kunye nenkqubo yokufakela.
• Umyalelo ngokuqeshwa komntu onoxanduva lokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokubonelela kwezityalo zentsholongwane kunye namanethiwekhi okufudumala.
• Uludwe lweendlela zokusebenza kunye nokulungiswa komsebenzi onoxanduva lokugcinwa kweenethiwekhi zokushisa nokushisa kwezityalo.
• Ikopi yesatifiketi somlondolozi.
• Izatifikethi ze-electrodes ezisetyenziswayo kunye namapayipi.
• Izenzo zomsebenzi ofihliweyo, isicwangciso solawulo sesitya sokushisa esibonisa ukubalwa kweesalathisi, kunye nomzobo weepayipi kunye nezivalo zokuvala.
• UMthetho wolawulo lwe-flushing kunye ne-crimping systems (ii-networking zokufudumala, inkqubo yokufudumala kunye nenkqubo yokunikezela ngamanzi ashushu).
• Iinkcazo zeJob, imiyalelo yokukhusela umlilo kunye nokukhusela.
• Imiyalelo yokusetyenziswa.
• Isenzo sokuvumela amanethiwekhi kunye nokufakela ukusebenza.
• I-Journal of accounting KIP, ukukhupha i-oda-tolerance, ukusebenza, ukubalwa kweengxelo ezichongiweyo ngexesha lokuhlola ukufakelwa kunye neenethiwekhi zokukhubazeka, ukuvavanya ulwazi, kunye neenkcazo.
• Izambatho kwi-network yokufudumala ukuxhuma.

Khu seleko no ku sebenza

Abasebenzi benkonzo yesitulo sokushisa kufuneka babe neemfundo ezifanelekileyo, kwaye abantu abanoxanduva kufuneka baqhelane nemithetho yokusebenza echazwe kumaxwebhu obugcisa. Lo mqathango onyanzelekileyo wendawo yokufudumala evunyelwe ukuba isebenze.

Akuvumelekile ukuba uqalise izixhobo zamaphampathi esebenzayo kunye ne-valve yokuvala evaliwe kwi-inlet nangokungabikho kwamanzi kwinkqubo.

Kwinkqubo yokusebenza kuyimfuneko:

• Jonga uvavanyo lweengcinezelo kwiimilinganiselo zengcinezelo ezifakwe kwiinkalo zokubonelela kunye nokubuyela.
• Qaphela ukungabikho kwesandi esingaqhelekanga, kwaye ugweme ukunyanzelisa.
• Ukujonga ukufudumala kweemoto zombane.

Ungasebenzisi amandla amaninzi xa ulawulo lwenkcazo ye-valve, kwaye ukuba kukho uxinzelelo kwinkqubo, musa ukudibanisa ukulawula.

Ngaphambi kokuqala isiteshini sokushisa, kuyimfuneko ukuhlamba inkqubo yokusetyenziswa kotshisa kunye nemipayipi.