Izixhobo zokungena kwamanzi isiseko: iintlobo, udidi, iimpawu

Isiseko yinxalenye yesakhiwo esithwala umthwalo omkhulu. Ukuthembeka kweli candelo kunoma yiphina isakhiwo kuxhomekeke ekuqineni kwesakhiwo. Xa iinkqubo ezibhubisayo ziqala, oku kubangelwa ukuguqulwa kwamalungu asele. Ngoko ke, iimfuneko eziphezulu zifakwe ekungangeni kwamanzi kwesiseko. Oku kuhambelana nezindlu zabucala, kuba phantse wonke umnikazi wesakhiwo esinjalo usebenzisa isiseko okanye isiseko.

Lo msebenzi kufuneka uqhutywe ngendlela epheleleyo, ukukhusela isakhiwo sonke ukususela kumanzi. Kwiziseko zamanzi zenza ngendlela eyahlukileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo izinto ezimbi zivakala ngokufanayo. Kungaba:

• Ukunqumla;
• Amanzi aphantsi komhlaba;
• Umkhukula wemilambo;
• Iqhwa elikhazimulayo.

Abanye bakholelwa ukuba kwezinye iimeko, ukuvalwa kwamanzi kwesiseko akunakwenziwa. Le nkolelo inokubonwa ngethuba elifutshane, njengoko indlu yakhiwa amashumi eminyaka, kwaye emva kwexeshana ukwakha kungaqalisa ngokusondeleyo, oku kuya kubakho kwimimandla yomhlaba echaphazela indawo yokuhlala yamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba. Nangona kukho umgwaqo osondeleyo, unokuba nefuthe.

Kukho nezinye ezininzi izizathu ezingabandakanya ukutshintsha kwindlela yokucwangcisa kunye nenqanaba lokuvela kwamanzi emhlabeni. Ngonyaka ophezulu ubunzulu beendawo ziza kutshintsha, iimeko zemozulu nazo azizinzi. Ukuba awuzange wenze isigqibo sokuba wenze ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kwisiseko sendlu, kufuneka uqikelele ukuba ukulungiswa kwendawo yokugcina izantsi kuya kuba neendleko ezininzi xa kuthelekiswa nokwakhiwa kwebhokisi lendlu. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale umsebenzi, ufanele uzifundele ngeentlobo eziphambili zokuphatheka kwamanzi kunye neempawu zabo.

Ukugxininisa okuhambayo

Ukuba i-monolithic ibhondi, isiseko sokungena kwamanzi kufuneka sibekwe kwindawo ezimbini, esezantsi, phantsi kwendawo yokujoyina udonga ukuya kwisiseko, kunye nakwizinga eliphantsi kwe-20 cm yesiteji esezantsi. Le teknoloji ingafumaneka kuphela kwisigaba sokwakhiwa kwendlu.

Ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe ukusetyenziswa, udongwe olunzima lufakwe kwisiseko somgodi wasiseko, ubuninzi bomgca bunama-30 cm, kufuneka ukuba i-tamped kakuhle, kwaye u-7-cm ungqimba wekhonkrithi kufuneka uthululwe phezulu. Kubalulekile ukukhutshwa kwamanzi. Ngaphambi kokubeka, isisombululo kufuneka somile kwaye sizinze iintsuku ezili-15. Ukongezelela, umgangatho wayo utyongwe nge- bitumen mastic kuwo wonke ummandla, kwaye uluhlu lwezinto zokuphahla lubekwe phezu kwawo.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo siya kuba unyango lomhlaba kunye ne-mastic kunye nokubekwa kolunye uhla lwe-ruberoid. Ukusuka ngasentla kuyimfuneko ukuthulula umgca we-konti ye-7-centimeter, edibeneyo kwaye igqitywe.

Ukuvalwa kwamanzi okumanzi kufuneka kulungiselelwe ukuba i- ironing yekhonkrithi, ukususela ngeli nqanaba libhekiselele kumanyathelo anikezela ukungena kwamanzi. Ngaphezulu kwekhonkrithi, emva kweeyure ezingama-3, uluhlu lwesentimenti se-2-cm kufuneka lukhutshwe, olufakwe kwi-sieve. Umhlaba uphawulwa, emva kwexesha i-samente kufuneka ifakwe emanzini ukusuka kumswakama oqulethwe kwisisombululo. Ngesiseko esifumanekileyo kuyimfuneko ukufika kwi-tekhnoloji efanayo efunyenwe kwilungiselelo le-coupler evamile. Ukususela ngamaxesha, umgangatho wayo unxiliswe ngamanzi ade ikhonkrit ifinyelele amandla ayo okuyila kwaye ayomile.

Ukubhekisela

Zonke izinto ezikhankanywe apha ngasentla zokukhutshwa kwamanzi kwesiseko ziya kuba ukukhusela ngokufanelekileyo kwesiseko, okokuba, emva kokumisa, kufuneka kuhlanganiswe nge-mastic bituminous, ngokupaka impahla yokuphahla okanye nayiphi na into efana nayo. Le nkqubo kufuneka iphindwe kabini ukudala iziqendu ezimbini. Imida yezinto eziphathekayo, ezixhomekeke kwisiseko, akufanele zinqunywe, zitshintshile kwaye zixinzelelwe kwifom yokucima kwamanzi.

Ukufakela ngokubonakalayo

Ukukhetha izixhobo zokungena kwamanzi kwesiseko, kufuneka uqale ukucinga malunga naluphi ubugcisa obuya kusetyenziswa nguwe. Ukuba kuyimimandla yokungena kwamanzi, izitya zebhitumn zingasetyenziswa. Kule meko, inkosi iya kufuneka iphendulele kwinkqubo yokucoca ngokusetyenziswa kwe-resin bituminous. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthengwa kwimivalo. Ukuze ufeze umsebenzi, kubalulekile ukulungiselela isitya esikhulu, apho i-30% yesoli esetyenziswayo ithululelwa. Kufuneka ukuba wongeze i-70% yebhitumeni.

Isibambiso siyashushu, esivuthayo ukuba sakhe umlilo okanye ufake ifonki kwisitofu segesi. Emva kokuba umxube wamanzi uyenziwe ngaphakathi, ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kungenziwa, oku kuquka ukusetyenziswa kokuqulunqwa komhlaba. Okokugqibela kufuneka kuqala ulungelelaniswe. Ukusetyenziswa kwinkqubo yomsebenzi udinga i-brush okanye i-roller, ngoncedo lenye yebhitumen esisetyenziselwa phezulu. Ngokwenza njalo, kufuneka uzame ukuhlawula onke amalunga kunye neekona. Kufuneka ukuba uqale ukusuka kwisiseko sesiseko, sele uzalise ukusetyenziswa kwe-20 cm ngaphezulu komhlaba. Kuya kudingeke ukuba wenze malunga neendlela ezintathu zebhitumen, ukwenzela ukuba ubuninzi bezinto eziphathekayo bu malunga no-5 cm.

Imiba ye-bitumen yokungenwa kwamanzi

Ubungqina bokungena kwamanzi kwebhitumam isiseko senziwa kuphela ngokusetyenziswa kokutshisa, ngoko kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba umxube awufaki. Emva kokuma iminyaka emi-5, umgangatho uya kuqalisa ukugqutywa kunye nokuqhekeka, oku kuya kubangela ukungena kwamanzi kwikhonkrithi. Ukwandisa ubomi bokugubungela ukungena kwamanzi, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa i-bitumen-polymer mastics, ephantse ingenayo inzuzo yebhitumeni ecocekileyo, ekubeni ihlala ihlala ihlala. Kwimarike yezixhobo zokwakha, ungayifumana i-mastics yesibetho eshushu kunye neshushu, kunye nezisombululo ze-polym, ekugqibeleni apho kunokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo okanye okunzima. Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokungena kwamanzi isiseko, kuyimfuneko, ngokulandela imiyalelo, enokubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-sprayer, spatula okanye roller.

Izinto zokuhamba

Izinto zokurhweba zingasetyenziselwa njengoluhlu oluhlukeneyo lokungena ngamanzi okanye kwi-tandem eneeblue. I-ruberoid ithathwa njengento eyaziwayo kunye nexabiso elincinci lokudityaniswa kwempahla, lugxininiswe kumgangatho wesiseko, esandulela unyango nge-mastic okanye i- primer bituminous. Kwinqanaba elilandelayo, i-ruberoid iyafuthelwa ngumtshisi kunye nokuqiniswa kumgangatho ocacileyo kunye nokubunjwa kwe-20 cm.

Le iteknoloji ibizwa ngokuba yiyo. Kukho ubuchule obubandakanya ukulungisa i-ruberoid nge-adhesive mastic. Ngendlela ekhankanyiweyo ngasentla, umgca obangelwayo kufuneka ugutywe nge-bituminous mastic kwaye ubeke enye ingqimba ye-ruberoid.

Iingcebiso zeengcali zokungenwa kwamanzi ngeendlela zokulondoloza

Ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokusebenzisa izixhobo zokucoca kwamanzi isiseko, ngoko phambi kokuxubusha kwento ephahlayo, imida kufuneka ihlanganiswe kwaye iqinisekiswe ngezinto zokugcina izinto. Endaweni ye-ruberoid, kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa izinto zanamhlanje ezifana ne "Glass-insulated" okanye "Technoelast". Njengoko ipolymeric isiseko sepolyester, esenza umgangatho wokuqina kunye nokuzinza. Nangona ukuba ixabiso liphezulu kunezinto zokuphahla, ezi zinto zicetyiswa yiingcali ngokuchithwa kwesiseko. Ngoxa kunjalo, uncedo lwabo, akunakwenzeka ukuba kuqinisekiswe amandla okugaya ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa okongeziweyo kwe-mastic, kuba abanakho ukukwazi ukungena kwii-pores.

Ukufakelwa kwe-Plaster

Le ndlela ilungile kwaye yenza umsebenzi wokwenziwa kwe-hydroprotection ye-substrate, ukulinganisa umhlaba. Kwizithako zomxube we-plaster kuyimfuneko yokongeza izixhobo ezingenawo amanzi, emva kokuxutywa kusetyenziswa i-spatula. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukubambelela kwisiseko sokwakheka, kufuneka kuqiniswe ngendoda ngeendlela zokugada.

Ukubetha ukungena kwamanzi kunenzuzo ngeendlela zeendleko eziphantsi kunye nesivinini esiphezulu somsebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukungahleleki, kubonakaliswe ngokumelana nokunyuka kwamanzi, ukuhlukana kunye nokufumaneka kwemichiza.

Ukubhekisela

Kungekudala, ikhonkrithi ye-polym isanda kakhulu, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziqhelekileyo ekwakhiweni kwanamhlanje. Ziyinkolelo yanamhlanje yokuxuba ikhonkrithi, ekwakhiweni kwipolymer isetyenziswe endaweni yesamente okanye i-silicate. Ekuqaleni, loo nto ifom ye-viscous fluid, ebizwa ngokuba yi-resin. Xa kusekwa isiseko sekhonkrithi ye-polymeri, isakhiwo sifumaneka esinganyangekiyo kumswakama kwaye sinikezela ukudala inkqubo elula kakhulu yokungenwa kwamanzi.

Ukukhetha ukungena kwamanzi ngumenzi

"Isoplast", ixabiso eliyi-ruble eziyi-150. Iimitha zesikwele, imveliso ehlala ihlala njalo, enokwethenjelwa nephezulu, esetyenziselwa ukungena kwamanzi iziseko zezakhiwo ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Yenziwe kwiziseko ezimbini: i-fiberglass kunye ne-polyester, kwaye njengoluhlu oluphezulu lokukhusela, i powder slate isetyenziswe.

Ukubekwa kwesi sihloko kuqhutyelwa kwisiseko esilungiselelwe ngaphambili ngokufakela. Oku kuya kufuna i-gas burner. Ukubambisana kungenziwa kwakhona kwi-mastic bituminous. "Isoplast", ixabiso layo lixhomekeke kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo kwaye linokufikelela kuma-ruble ayi-180. Ngomitha omnye weekwere, ugcina ukunyamezela kobushushu kwiqondo lokushisa lika-120 ° iiyure ezingama-2.

Impawu ze Technoelast

"I-Technoelast Technonikol" yenye uhlobo lokungena kwamanzi kwisiseko. Yinto ebonakalayo yokunyuka kokunyaniseka. Ingasetyenziselwa ukucinezelwa kwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba kunye namaqondo aphantsi okushisa. Ngokutsho komenzi, "i-Technoelast Technonikol" ingasetyenziswa kwiimeko ezingenakukwazi ukujamelana nezinye izinto. Oku kufakwa kwindlela yokusebenzisa i-bituminous-polymer binder kwi-polyester okanye kwi-glass-fiber substrate. Ukubekwa kwe "Technoelast" kuqhutywa ngoncedo lwesithuthuthu.

Isiphelo

I-Mastic "Aquaizol" ingasetyenziswe nguwe njengesiseko sokusungula isiseko. Ingqungquthela yebhitumen, esetyenziswe kwisixa se-0.45 kg / m ² . Ithatha isidingo somgaqo-nkqubo wokusebenzisa ubumbano obandayo. Ubungakanani bomgca obubunjiweyo bube ngu-10 mm.