Enterprise - is ... Imisebenzi zenkampani. ukusungulwa yorhwebo

Imveliso - oku intsika ephambili na kuqoqosho lwehlabathi. States eziye wemka kulo mgaqo elula lecebo, wakhetha ukuba bathenge impahla itshiphu nesuka kwiindawo zangaphandle, enyanisweni, sele baphulukana elide geqe. Kakade ke, uqilima nayiphi na imveliso lo lweshishini. Oku ukwenza isifundo elizimeleyo ngokupheleleyo zentsebenziswano kwezoqoqosho, ezo zidalwe ekuveliseni nantoni na, okanye nokubonelela ngeenkonzo kubemi okanye amaqumrhu asemthethweni. imeko olugunyazisiweyo - nzuzo.

kwisifundo ngasinye kufuneka kudlule inkqubo yobhaliso karhulumente, ukufumana iwonga iqumrhu elisemthethweni, yaye kuphela emva koko, inkampani bangathatha inxaxheba ubudlelwane noqoqosho apha kweli lizwe nakwamanye amazwe.

imiqondiso lweshishini

Njengaye nawuphi na ilungu le-nkqubo yezoqoqosho, inkampani nganye eziliqela iimpawu ezikhethekileyo apho oko ukuchongeka ngokulula. Makhe uzibhala ngokweenkcukacha. Okokuqala, inkampani - nguye abanini propati, apho kumelwe nakanjani kube ezibaphetheyo. Yiyo lo mhlaba kwaye zinika yonke yayo kwamatyala, ukuba ikhona, kwenzeka.

Njengoko ilungu elizimeleyo kurhwebo, amashishini benza kuphela ngegama lakhe, ngoko ke unalo ilungelo ukungena nakwesiphi na isivumelwano, njengoko namanye amaqumrhu asemthethweni kunye nabemi. Ngenxa ukuzimela yayo qumrhu yoqoqosho inokuba i ummangalelwa okanye kummangali nayiphi na inkundla.

Kakade ke, imisebenzi le nkampani kufuneka liboniswe ngokupheleleyo kwiingxelo zemali eneenkcukacha, xa isicelo elungiselelwe ukuhlola urhulumente ukulawula imizimba. Ukongeza, kwisifundo ngasinye ukuya mandatory unalo igama elikhethekileyo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuchaza.

ngezigaba

Ngokubanzi, sabelane nabo lonke uluhlu lweempawu. Ngoko ke, kwicala le nkampani lungohlulwa lube ukuvelisa iimpahla kwakunye nabo avelise indlela zokuvelisa yabathengi. Ukuveliswa ngokwayo isenokuba oluqhubekayo okanye obubobu (uphazamiseke ixesha elithile).

• Yona indlela, ukuba kwahlulwa-hlulwa ibe ezizodwa, ezidibeneyo jikelele.
• Ngobukhulu ukuba kwahlulwa ibe amancinci, aphakathi kunye enkulu.
• Ukongeza, amashishini inokuba ngobuninzi-yavelisa, abangatshatanga-sifuba kunye nemveliso zovavanyo (iintlobo yokugqibela umsebenzi ngokufuthi kwi lushishino lwezixhobo);
• Kukho industrial, ukuthuthwa, zokuthenga ezahlukeneyo.
• Kukho abucala, ngokuhlangeneyo kunye namashishini kamasipala.

iifom nkampani

Okwangoku kwilizwe lethu ukusebenza intsebenziswano kwezoqoqosho kunye noluntu, co-operatives, kwakunye karhulumente kunye neenkqubo qela liphikisayo kamasipala. Kakade ke, imisebenzi nkampani, xa impahla yayo ukulahlwa kunye nezinye izinto kuxhomekeka kanye kwiifom zombutho.

Siqala uhlalutyo msebenzi kwamashishini kunye intsebenziswano zoshishino. Phakathi kwazo ahluka:

• uhlobo ngokupheleleyo ubambiswano.
• Edition Limited (ngokholo).
• Ltd. kwaye iNkampani Ukongezelela eyalo uxanduva.
• luluntu kunye neenkampani zabucala (umzekelo uhlobo yokugqibela iinkampani - phantse zonke iinkampani yasekhaya ezinkulu benza ke nokusengwa kwemithombo yobutyebi kwezimbiwa).

njani izinto ezahlukeneyo zonke ezi ntlobo? ubambiswano jikelele

Ngokungqinelana isivumelwano ukuba benza imisebenzi zomsebenzi ezipheleleyo-epheleleyo ngaphandle izithintelo, kodwa imingcipheko evelayo kusabela nazo zonke izinto zawo. Ngenxa yoko, ngentsebenziswano epheleleyo liability mda ngokunxulumene onke amalungu ayo. iindlela eziqhelekileyo kwishishini kulo mzekelo musa ibalulekile. Nokuba ngaphandle kokuba ilungu leBhodi, naliphi na ilungu idibana yonke impahla yayo. Umhlala evela Company, kuya kuba iminyaka emibini ukuya ukuphendula zonke izibophelelo ngexesha lokungena ezintlwini ubambiswano.

Limited ubambiswano

Kulo mzekelo, i "lwe-" lweshishini bonke abathathi-nxaxheba efanayo, zithwele uxanduva mda ukuba yonke imingcipheko evelayo. Ngaphandle kwezi, zikhona kommandisty. Enyanisweni, lo abagcinisa. Kwakhona banalo uxanduva, kodwa anqongophele ngenxa yobukhulu lotyalo yabo kwikomkhulu iyonke lweshishini. Kungenxa yoko le nto loo mibutho zifana ezininzi inkampani, leyo uchaze ngezantsi.

Ltd.

Olu hlobo lweshishini cwangcisa abantu ezininzi (okanye umseki omnye), kunye neengozi ziphelela kwikomkhulu ebhalisiweyo. Ubungakanani isibonda sakhe ngokuqinileyo esisigxina ngummiselo lweshishini. Ngako oko, amaqela anoxanduva, siwenze kunye nobukhulu iminikelo yabo yenkunzi charter lwencwadi isifundo uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho. Wonke umsebenzi kwishishini ilawulwa bokuziseta umseki wayo: Akukho intlanganiso yamalungu eBhodi ayamkelwa naziphi na izigqibo ezibalulekileyo okanye ngaphantsi.

Ubutyala Inkampani olongezelelweyo kukho iintlobo ekhethekileyo uhlobo odlulileyo. Lubonakala ngenxa yokuba bonke abathathi-nxaxheba zixhomekeke ubutyala ezongezelelweyo mali, imali leyo iphindaphindeke nobungakanani ngegalelo labo kwikomkhulu ogunyazisiweyo. Zonke ezinye iimpawu olu hlobo beenkampani iyafana nohlobo echazwe apha ngasentla.

OAO, ZAO

Ngokungafaniyo iinkampani zangaphambili, ikomkhulu charter i koshishino okuvakaliswa kwizabelo (izibambiso). Kwabanye nezibophelelo amalungu ayo musa ukusabela, kunye nengozi ilahleko elingana nexabiso neentambo ethengwe ngawo. Ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba zikhululekile ukuba ngumnikazi kwaye alahle zibize kuluntu ibizwa evulekile - JSC.

Njengoko kumiselwe ngumthetho phakathi koluntu unelungelo lokuba ukusasaza izabelo zawo isikhokhelo rhoqo free. Ngako oko, ukuba izibambiso zisasazwa, okanye kuphela phakathi ibhodi, okanye ilawulwa kakhulu, umthetho, kwishishini lokuvelisa iya ivaliwe, ZAO. Akukho subscription, alwenzeki akukho unikezelo yoluntu yezabelo ababhalisele.

Iimpawu ze Cjsc and OJSC

Xa umsebenzi wabo, kukho ezinye umahluko. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha ngaphezulu:

• Kuzo zonke iimeko, ezi nkampani kakuhle viva asethi zabo zemali.
• Ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki, wabaseki ubungozi kuphela izibambiso zabo ngaphandle kokufaka engozini inxalenye nayo yonke impahla yabo ezinokususwa, ayishukumi.
• Zabelo ngqo kokubonakalayo inxaxheba kulawulo lweshishini.
• Ngenxa amathuba enkulu yokulola olongezelelweyo lwabasebenzi wokugcina nezizathu eliphezulu bawandise iziphumo zomsebenzi.

amanyathelo emveliso

Kulo mzekelo, iqela abemi abazithandeleyo op imveliso okanye eminye imisebenzi. Igalelo uba inxaxheba yabasebenzi kunye nemirhumo zemali ukuya entlanganweni. Yonke impahla op yahlulwe phakathi kwamalungu ayo kwaye sibonakaliswa kwizabelo ngokulinganayo. Le nzuzo asuka kwindawo eqinileyo, kuxhomekeka nxaxheba ngqo abasebenzi kwi imveliso okanye eminye imisebenzi. Kwakhona kuhanjiswa yonke impahla op, kuhleliyo emva kokuba impahla yayo.

Enterprise esihlangene

Enterprise owodwa - luhlobo zemveliso apho urhulumente wakhe akanalo ilungelo amandla yemveliso kwempahla. Lwaba ukuthetha, zingakotshwa kuthelekiswa umqashi kwezibonelelo zemveliso, nto leyo ukusebenzisa oomatshini ukuba ukuvelisa iindawo, kodwa ukuba athengise okanye ngandlela ngenye indlela ukulahla izixhobo azivumelekanga. Ngoko ke, lo propati eenkampani abangenakwahlulelana kwi units okanye kwizabelo. Ngokusengqiqweni, esihlangene phantse onke amashishini karhulumente.

Kwelinye icala, ukuba yahlulwe iintlobo zilandelayo:

• Ukuba ilungelo kulawulo lwezoqoqosho.
• Enterprises zisekelwe kumgaqo yolawulo zokusebenza.

Xa ilifa rule iqumrhu yezoqoqosho ngoku ukusebenzisa ulawulo ngaphakathi imida apho zicwangciswa nomthetho ofanelekileyo. Ehlabathini imida efanayo xa ukulahlwa impahla kunye nolawulo okusebenza, kodwa kule meko iphathwa njenge umnini umsebenzi, yaye injongo engundoqo kwishishini liphela. Ngoko ke, ulawulo lokusebenza lwe umnini (umqeshi) lweshishini unitary unamagunya banzi kakhulu.

Noko ke, umphathi abanakukwazi ukuthengisa asethi zemveliso kusetyenziswa izibambiso, imali okanye non-cash imali.

iinkampani zokuthengisa

Ngaphandle inkampani sorhwebo lo. Nomsebenzi yale mibutho kukuba ukuthenga impahla evela mveliso mveliso. Ukuba sithethe ngokwemiqathango of accounting, ukugcinwa kweerekhodi zemali, kule meko lula kakhulu. Emva kokuguquka kweentlobo ezithile kwempahla kwezinye kule hlobo iinkampani akwenzeki. Endaweni zonke izakhi kuba sisiseko kwizakhiwo zoshishino, apha zisebenza kuphela impahla.

Baya lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe iintlobo Ihowuliseyili neRiteyili.

Ukuba sithethe uhlobo ihoseyile, ngoko ke kuquka izindlu zorhwebo kunye neziseko, izitora kunye nezinye izibonelelo. amashishini Wholesale nga ukuthengisa imveliso kwi mveliso zombini bekwi urhwebo, bawathume kwa-kwicandelo mveliso. Umzekelo i mveliso labarhwebi ukuthenga izixhobo ophezulu-ngqo kwamanye amazwe.

Ngokunjalo, phantsi abathengisi bayayiqonda iivenkile njengesiqhelo.

Njengoko amashishini wadala kwaye amatyala?

Naziphi na iinkampani umbutho kufuneka uqale ukubhaliswa isampuli karhulumente. Ukususela ukufunyanwa iphakheji efanelekileyo amaxwebhu isifundo ufumana iwonga iqumrhu elisemthethweni. Ukuze ubhalise kule komzimba, umfaki-sicelo kufuneka angenise kwabasemagunyeni yobhaliso la maxwebhu alandelayo:

• Ingxelo malunga umnqweno ukuseka ishishini. Ibhalwe ngu umsunguli (abaseki) ngendlela engaqondakaliyo ngokupheleleyo.
• Kwakhona uya kufuna memorandum of association apho zonke iinkcukacha zicaciswa gca.
• Charter, nekufuneka sityikitywe ngabo bonke abantu baya kufakwa kwi-mthetho.
• Zonke iirisithi ezisuka kwiibhanki kunye namanye amaxwebhu zemali ukuba akwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba abafaki-zicelo kufuneka ungabi ngaphantsi kwe-50% ye-mali eyinkunzi share abekwa.
• Ukufunyanwa kokuhlawula intlawulo kwi mali emiselwe ngumthetho.
• Ukongeza, kufuneka ufumane isiqinisekiso esivela kwiKomiti Anti-weMonopoly, ekufuneka anike imvume lombutho inkampani yakho.

Yintoni ekufuneka ibe kwimemorandam?

Olu xwebhu kufuneka anikwe igama oluchanileyo ngokupheleleyo lweshishini. Ukuze senziwe isivumelwano kwindawo yayo, ulwazi malunga wabaseki kunye capital charter, ukusasazwa iiyunithi equity kwaye njalo njalo.

Le mimiselo kufuneka ifomu sombutho kunye yomthetho yequmrhu omtsha ukuba aququzelele umsebenzi kwezoqoqosho, inkqubo kumbutho kunye ukumiswa kunokwenzeka, kwakunye phinda yonke imiba zemali echazwe kuxwebhu odlulileyo. Ukuba lweshishini lemveliso unitary, abaninzi iinkcukacha ukuba akukho mfuneko. Oku kungenxa yokuba (njengoko sele wathi) ukuba umnini yonke impahla yalo mbutho wesithathu, ngoko ke ngokuqinileyo iphethwe kuguqulelo kakhulu "esishwankathelweyo".

Ubhaliso kufuneka kwenzeke kwisithuba seentsuku ezintathu (ukususela kumhla wokungeniswa onke amaxwebhu), okanye ukuya kutsho kwiintsuku ezingamashumi amathathu ikhalenda, leyo kuthiwa ukususela kumhla elephantobraz kwi amaxwebhu ngeposi. Sukuvuma ubhaliso kunokuba kuphela, ukuba abanye benu zingeniswe amaxwebhu musa ukuhlangabezana iimfuno ezisesikweni ebekwe phantsi komthetho. Isilumkiso! ulawulo yonke kwishishini, oluqhutywa phambi ukubhaliswa esemthethweni, kulityala solawulo.

Kwezinye iimeko, ndibuphelise umsebenzi lweshishini?

• Ukuba isigqibo eso sathathwa yiBhodi le mbutho.
• Ekupheleni kwethuba apho iqumrhu zadalwa.
• Ngenxa yokuba sele ugqibile zonke iinjongo zokuphunyezwa apho wadalwa liziko. Umzekelo, iinkampani zemali wadala ukulungiselela ukuqokelelwa uncedo kumaxhoba entlekele.
• Enkonzweni yendlu kaYehova ezintendelezweni, ukuba alikho semthethweni yobhaliso sokumiswa kungqinwe okanye ziza kuchonga naziphi ephule amaxwebhu yenziwe ngaphambili.
• Kwakhona, enkundleni, ukuba iinyaniso ezibubungqina imisebenzi engekho mthethweni phantsi kwekhwapha lweshishini lokuvelisa.
• Ukuba iziko uvakaliswa ongenamali ngokuhambelana nomthetho.
• Ukongeza, i-catering idla ivaliwe ngenxa-non kokuthotyelwa ubulunga iimveliso ezikhoyo kwimigaqo State.

Ingongoma ebalulekileyo kukubonelela inkonzo ulwazi Federal Tax Service malunga wokuvala inkampani, kunye neenkcukacha malunga ukuvalwa akhawunti zokuhlala. Nale nkonzo ngokubanzi kufuneka ngokusondeleyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka nakweliphi na inqanaba, kuba nantoni na konke konke ukutenxa kule izohlwayo umyalelo enikiweyo yamkelwe.

Ngenxa yoko, le nkampani - ulungelelene ngokungqongqo izakhiwo eziphantsi iintlobo lwemithetho kunye nemithetho.