Ummiselo primogeniture. Unyaka th 1714

1714 eRashiya yabalasela ukuvela umyalelo omtsha. Peter I usayine umthetho omtsha "On primogeniture", ngaloo ndlela uzama ukuphelisa ukuqhekezwa ngamafa ezininzi amanene kukutsalela abantu abatsha ukuba inkonzo noMlawuli ukuya emkhosini. Lo mthetho umisela ukuba ashiye ezithengiswayo mnye kuphela umntu - unyana omdala okanye intombi, okanye ukuthanda umnini komnye umntu.

inyathelo elibalulekileyo

Ngowe-1714, uPetros ebamba loo mthetho "Kwi primogeniture" ukususa umda phakathi ingqiqo ka "zezindlu zooyise" (ubunini bomhlaba, nto leyo iba inkosi feudal, kunye nelungelo zentengiso, umnikelo) kunye kwilifa. Oku kuluncedo kuba ngukumkani, njengoko osamkelayo ilifa kufuneka ibe ubomi kwinkonzo * uKhesare. Kwakhona yakhokelela someleza kuqoqosho abaqeshisi.

Yenza ummiselo "On primogeniture" phantsi kwempembelelo i-West sele ukhutshiwe?

Ekuqaleni, omnye ucinga ukuba uPetros phantsi kweempembelelo kumazwe Western, waba nomdla ukuze welifa eNgilani, Venice, France. Ngenxa yeempembelelo imizekelo angaphandle, uPetros Ndazimisela ukuba kotshintshelo lwepropati lonke unyana omdala omnye,.

Umthetho "On primogeniture" ezahlukeneyo kakhulu ukusuka naso yaseYurophu, oko akuthethi ukuba naliphi na ilungelo nobunini mhlaba kuphela ukuba unyana omdala, wabiza ukuqeshwa kwakhe nabani ezihlangwini, ngaphandle ushwabanisa isiqwenga somhlaba, ngamafa.

Ngenxa yoko, ukwakheka waphawula wepropati amanene, ngokusemthethweni ukuba baneembono ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo transfer kwepropati njengelifa. UPetros kudale ingcamango kuphela indlwane generic iminyaka emininzi udityaniso noqhagamshelo zofuzo obungunaphakade, umnini inkonzo amafa.

Umthetho "On primogeniture": inkonzo njengendlela yokufumana impahla

UMthetho Eyona njongo yobomi bakhonza emkhosini. Kule bazama ukubaleka ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo, kodwa urhulumente kanzima abo bangazange ivele kwi ifowuni.

Kulo mthetho kwakukho bendlela ezininzi; ngoku ke umnini athengise okanye impahla indlu. Eneneni, uPetros wenza ubizo, kwaye umahluko phakathi domain welifa, ngokudala uhlobo olutsha ngokusemthethweni zobumnini. Ukuze umthetho esikhethiweyo "On primogeniture" saphawula yaye kwakungekho ndlela ngeenxa zonke, uPetros I kuzisa werhafu enkulu (umsebenzi) ekuthengisweni lobunini bomhlaba (nokuba kubantwana amanene).

Kwixa elizayo, lo mthetho akasivumeli ukuba bathenge impahla for kids abancinane, ukuba abathanga abashiywa ixesha elithile emkhosini (ithetha yeCadet lweSizwe). Ukuba umnumzana, isimiso, ungamkhonzanga, ngoko ekufunyanweni ubunikazi bomhlaba baba engenakwenzeka. Esi sihlomelo ayikwazanga nawela; waxelisa inkonzo kwi umkhosi akazange athathe; kodwa ukuba umntu imitshontshi ecace gca ediza sengqondo esiyingozi okanye iingxaki zempilo ezinzulu.

Ilifa kwempahla

Isihlokomiso uPetros "kwi primogeniture" ubudala babelawula umyalelo lomiwo mhlaba. Iminyaka 20 yindlalifa ukuba alahle lobunini mhlaba, kunye neminyaka eli-18 wavunyelwa ukuba kukhokela impahla enokususwa nabafazi, ulungiso kwandiswa ukuya kwiminyaka eli-17. Bubo ke obu ingqalelo eRashiya emtshatweni. Ukuze othile lo mthetho ekhusela amalungelo abantwana: indlalifa kwakufuneka ukugcina bempahla yokwenene abazalwana babo abancinane noodade, babaxhase simahla zabo ngokupheleleyo ukwamkelwa ilifa.

Umongo kummiselo Peter I

Phakathi yezikhulu kwakukho ukunganeliseki, njengoko olu xwebhu ngakwicala umntu omnye, ngokufuthi enyanzela omnye ahlale ubuhlwempu. Kwipropati kwabatyhutyha intombi yakhe, umyeni wakhe ukuba igama lokugqibela le mpahla, kungenjalo zonke ukuguquka kurhulumente. Kwimeko ukufa unyana omdala phambi ilifa kayise wegqitha waya unyana wakhe elilandelayo yezikhundla, hayi umzukulwana kwalowo unqophisileyo.

Kakuhle eli ummiselo "Kwi primogeniture" walala into yokuba xa intombi omdala umnumzana xa watshata phambi kokufa kwakhe, yonke impahla wadlula intombi ulandelayo (kwakhona ukuze yezikhundla). Ngenxa yokunqongophala abantwana indlalifa ipropati yonke wegqitha waya isalamane esiphezulu ekufutshane isidanga phakathi kweentsapho. Ukuba umyoleli emva kokufa kwakhe yaqhubeka ngumhlolokazi, yena ufumene ubunini ebomini lwepropati yendoda yakhe, kodwa isilungiso ngo-1716, yona abangafumani enye kwilifa yesine.

Kokubona aziingangamsha, nokupheliswa umyalo

Isihlokomiso uPetros ndadibana ukunganeliseki enkulu eluntwini, njengoko wathinta umdla yezikhulu. Ukutolikwa umthetho bemphikisa ngokwabo. Osesikhundleni akazange ukwabelana ". Kwi primogeniture" iimbono mlawuli phezu umthetho Unyaka 1725 yazisa iinguqu wokuqala omkhulu poslablyaya ufakelo lokuqala. Esi senzo Bamqumbisa yokungabikho ngakumbi enokuqonda, yaye ngenxa yoko ngowe-1730 kwayo uyekwa uKumkanikazi Anna Ivanovna. Isizathu esemthethweni ekucinyweni lo mthetho ukuba practice akuzange kube lula ukufikelela nokuzinza kwezoqoqosho yelifa ezithengiswayo.

Ipapashwe ngu- Peter I ngowe-1714 umthetho "On primogeniture" kwakhokelela yokuba kuzo zonke iindlela ezinokubakho zooyise wazama ukwahlula impahla yakhe ngokulinganayo phakathi kwabo bonke abantwana.

Lo mthetho ichongwe abandakanyeka ilifa bonke oonyana abantwana umfi. Nabazukulu umfi wafumana isabelo kayise, abafa ngaphambi kwalowo unqophisileyo. Kuquka ilifa lisamani kunye nezinye izalamane, kunye umfazi womfi, ukwamkela isabelo yakhe impahla. Xa kungekho nezizalwane abazalwana umfi ilifa wadlula aphezulu. Ukuba umyoleli ukuba akukho izalamane okanye kwimeko zokwala elifeni yempahla eshukumayo kunye ezingenakususwa zidluliselwe kurhulumente.