Umlinganiselo esidiliyeni ubude, indawo, ubunzima. Ixabiso umlinganiselo amaxabiso umlinganiselo ubudala Rus

Namhlanje, ngamnye kuthi nokonyulwa amanyathelo ezithile lomlinganiselo isebenzisa kuphela amagama mihla. Kwaye eqhelekileyo nezendalo. Noko ke, ukufunda imbali okanye ukufunda imisebenzi uncwadi, siya kudla sijamelene amagama afana "span", "Arshin", "ingqiniba", njalo njalo. D.

Kwaye ngokusebenzisa amagama kwakhona eqhelekileyo, kuba akukho nto ifana manyathelo womlinganiselo endala. Athetha ntoni, wonke umntu kufuneka azi. Kutheni? Okokuqala, oko ibali ookhokho bethu. Okwesibini, ezifana nolwazi sisalathisi kwinqanaba yethu yengqondo.

Ibali amanyathelo

Nophuhliso loluntu loluntu wayeza kuba akunakwenzeka ngaphandle ekuqondeni akhawunti art. Kodwa akwanelanga. Ukugcina Kwiimeko ezininzi ezifunekayo kunye iiyunithi ezithile ubude, ubunzima kunye nendawo. Indoda kwabo, kwaya iifom kakhulu engalindelekanga. Umzekelo, naluphi na uluhlu kuchaziwe shintsha, okanye amanyathelo. Amanyathelo yokulinganisa ethile ephathelele akhule okanye ukucacisa isixa umcu obabulingana ubude ngomnwe okanye joint, kweminwe ngesandla, njalo njalo. E., Yiyo loo nto uhlobo kwisixhobo yokulinganisa, njalo esiku- ngokwayo.

Ngenye indlela umdla kakhulu ukufumanisa ubude bookhokho bethu, sifunda yemihla neeleta yamandulo. "Lokuphosa ilitye" Le oko kukuthi, uphose bakhe, yaye "ukufotelwa gun", yaye "perestrel" (uluhlu moya iintolo), kunye nangaphezulu. Ngamanye amaxesha iyunithi yokulinganisa ngumgama apho ngakumbi laviwa ukukhala kwesilwanyana. Yaba "inkuku", "inkunzi zigqume," njalo njalo. D. An umlinganiselo umdla ubude ezazikho phakathi kwezizwana eSiberia. Uye wabizwa ngokuba "beech" kwaye kwakuthetha waba phantsi umgama apho abantu abangaboniyo zadityaniswa enye yenkomo uphondo.

Imibhalo isetyenziswayo, sinokugqiba ukuba amanyathelo endala zemilinganiselo eRashiya wabonakala kwiinkulungwane 11-12. Baba iiyunithi ezifana neekhilomitha, iinyawo zibe sixhenxe, ingqiniba kunye kweminwe. Noko ke, ngaloo mihla, kukho iindlela eyenziwe ngumntu wokubala ubude nangoku sibi kakhulu. Ziyashiyana kancane kuxhomekeka ubulawuli liyatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Yemicimbi yemihla kwiinkulungwane 13-15, sifunda ukuba amanyathelo endala zemilinganiselo lwemizimba evakalala (ngokuqhelekileyo cereal) - kad, iihafu, imibele Osmino. In eminyaka 16-17. La magama zanyamalala ukusetyenziswa. Umlinganiselo omkhulu imizimba evakalala kweli xesha uba ikota malunga kwakuhambisana ukuya pudam ezintandathu.

elithi "spool" Lifumaneka kwinani lwamaxwebhu ubekelwe Kievan Rus. Le yunithi yobunzima yaba ukwanda efanayo berkovets kunye pud.

Guquka ubude

Ekuvunweni amanyathelo yomlinganiselo omyinge abonakalayo azicacanga kakhulu. Kukwasebenza yokuqinisekisa ubude amanyathelo. Le yunithi yasetyenziswa eRoma Ancient, yaMandulo Greece, iPersi neYiputa. inyathelo Human, ubude umlinganiselo 71 cm, umgama kumiselwa nokuba phakathi imizi. Loo yunithi kusetyenziswa ngexesha lethu. Namhlanje, Noko ke, izixhobo pedometers ezizodwa lifezekiswa hayi umgama kunye nenani amanyathelo babehamba umntu.

Linganisa ubude, eyasetyenziswa kumazwe iMeditera, yayisebenza eli candelo, njengomhlambi. Ukuphawulwa ingafunyanwa kwi-ngqangi, niyathandana ukusuka BC nenkulungwane yokuqala. e. Amanqanaba wayelingana kumgama apho umntu ngesantya ezolileyo ungaya kwi ukusa kude kube mzuzu xa idiski ilanga ngokupheleleyo kuya kuvela ngaphezu kolundi.

Njengoko ekuphuhliseni uluntu abantu baye nezixa ezinkulu ezifunekayo. Kulo mba, kwakukho imayile yamandulo yamaRoma ilingana 1,000 amanyathelo.

amanyathelo ethile yokulinganisa iintlanga ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kwenye ubude. Ngoko, oomatiloshe Estonian wagqiba kwimibhobho mgama. Oku indlela umkhombe yabanjwa ixesha ngeembambo ngokupheleleyo ipipi ugwayi. Ngomlinganiselo ofanayo ubude ukusuka baseSpeyin ekuthiwa icuba. Japanese uyicacisile umgama "izihlangu ihashe". Yaba indlela eyayiza kudlula isilwanyana de epheleleyo kweentende banxibe neendiza kufakwe lo wezihlangu zakhe.

Iimpawu zentsulungeko eziphambili ukukhangela ubude Rus

Khumbula Khawuziphe amanyathelo yomlinganiselo. Enye yazo abaziqhelileyo kuthi ukususela ebuntwaneni: "Ukususela imbiza neesentimitha ezimbini, yaye ukazchik kuphela". Yintoni na ubude iyunithi onjalo? ERashiya, kwaba elilingana ububanzi index neminwe ephakathi. Kulo mzekelo, omnye intshi wu fanaka ukuya kwenye-elinesithandathu iyadi. Namhlanje, eli xabiso ngu 4,44 cm Kodwa umlinganiselo endala Russian ye -. Zeminwe - 11 mm. Kwathathwa izihlandlo ezine, kuba wayelingana intshi omnye.

ERashiya, amanye amanyathelo ezindala yokulinganisa baba ukusetyenziswa ngokunxulumene nophuhliso lobudlelwane zorhwebo kunye namanye amazwe. Ngoko kwakukho amanzi ebizwa ngokuba akuyona. Kwathi igama kwigama wasePersi "ingqiniba". Kulo ulwimi, kuvakala ngathi "Iingqameko". iiyadi ilingana 71,12 cm weza, kunye nabarhwebi abavela kumazwe akude, ukuzisa isilika yaseTshayina, velvet kunye yiBrocade Indian.

Enilinganisela eli laphu, abarhwebi oriental sasuka naye phezu kwengalo yakhe emagxeni. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba umlinganiselo akuyona impahla. Kwakuba elula kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba lo isixhobo yokulinganisa wayesoloko naye. Noko ke, abarhwebi wengcibi bekhangela abancedisi iingalo elifutshane, i iyadi ukuba waba inyama encinci. Kodwa kwakhawuleza yafikelela esiphelweni. Abasemagunyeni iiyadi ezisemthethweni, ezazisetyenziswa ngaphandle kokukhetha. Ukufumanisa ukuba abe ngumlawuli ngomthi, elamiselwa eMoscow. Iikopi zixhobo ezo bathunyelwa eRashiya. Kwaye ukuze kungabikho namnye unako cheat kancinane kwaye ngok eyadini, kumgca ziphelo ezenziwe ngentsimbi, leyo nxiba ibala loluntu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kungekho elide kwiyunithi yomlinganiselo. Noko ke, igama elithi libe ixabiso okunjalo uqhelene kuthi sonke. Ngaye, uthi imizekeliso kunye namanyathelo yomlinganiselo endala. Ngoko ke, ukuba indoda enengqiqo bathi ukuba unako 'ukubona umhlaba ngeenyawo ezintandathu. "

Yintoni enye e eRashiya imisela umgama?

Kukho ezinye izinto yamandulo ubude. Ezi ziquka iinyawo ezisixhenxe. Ngokukhankanywa gama yokuqala okhankanywe "I Tale of ekuqalekeni Kiev-Pechersk Monastery", imvelaphi yayo elandwa kwinkulungwane ye-11. Iintlobo ezimbini ziifatom khona. Enye yazo na flywheel, leyo ilingana umgama phakathi incam ngomnwe ophakathi, ndinabile kumacala ahlukeneyo. amanyathelo Ixabiso umlinganiselo endala olu hlobo wayelingana-1 m 76 ziifatom cm udidi lwesibini -. ROOTN. Yaba ubude ukusuka isithende yezihlangu unyawo lwakhe ilungelo incam ngomnwe phakathi esandleni sakhe sasekhohlo nangengalo phezulu. Ubukhulu ziifatom elibhalwe ngokumileyo ibe malunga nama-248 cm. Maxa wambi igama elithi ekhankanywe inkcazelo yokwakha kwabantu lweembaleki. Bathi ukuba i elibhalwe ngokumileyo iinyawo ezisixhenxe kwi kwamagxa.

Russian umlinganiselo yokulinganisa imigama Old enkulu - intsimi okanye weekhilomitha. Sisihlandlo sokuqala yezi amaxabiso zifumaneka kwi-ngqangi ngenkulungwane ye-11. ubude imayili inye 1060 m. Ngaphezu koko, eli gama lisetyenziswa ekuqaleni zokulinganisela olimekayo. Wayethetha umgama phakathi amathuba ze ikhuba.

amanyathelo yokulinganisa ubungakanani kweediliya ngamanye amaxesha igama playful. Ngoko ke, ngolawulo Alexei Mikhailovich (1645-1676 GG.), Umntu ende kakhulu wabizwa ngokuba Kolomna weekhilomitha. Akabalibalanga kota ahlekisayo namhlanje.

Ukuya kuma 18. eRussia bayisebenzisa loo yunithi omalunga mezhevaya. Yena Walinganisa umgama phakathi kwimida zokuhlala. Ubude yale imayile yaba 1000 iiyadi. Namhlanje ke km 2.13.

Enye umlinganiselo yamandulo ubude baba ngangokolulwa kweminwe eRashiya. ixabiso layo kwaba malunga nekota iyadi yaye malunga ne-18 cm .:

- "span ezincinane", nto leyo ilingana umgama phakathi iincam nocikicane index yakhe eyolukileyo ngomnwe;
- "span enkulu 'kulingana ubude ngaphandle phakathi nocikicane ngomnwe eliphakathi.

Uninzi mzekeliso ethathwe imilinganiselo ubudala kubonisa kuthi kwaye lo mali. Umzekelo, "misebenzi asixhenxe." Ngoko ke ndithi indoda smart kunene.

Iyunithi incinane samandulo ubude luthathwa umgca. Kuyinto elingana ububanzi ukhozo lwengqolowa yi 2,54 mm. De kube ngoku, esi iyunithi yokulinganisa esetyenziswa yi Watch Factory. Kuphela ubungakanani Swiss wamkela - 2,08 mm. Umzekelo, ubukhulu nilindile "Uloyiso" lamadoda kweelayini-12, abasetyhini okufumana "Dawn" - 8.

unit yaseYurophu zobude

C 18. Russia iye yandiswa kakhulu unxulumano lwayo urhwebo namazwe Koloni. Kungenxa yoko le nto kukho imfuneko yokuba amanyathelo amatsha ukwenza imilinganiselo ezinokuthi xa kuthelekiswa ne-European. Kwaye ngoko uPetros I wachitha nohlaziyo metrological. umyalo wakhe amanye IsiNgesi imigama kulinganiswa zaqaliswa kweli lizwe. Ezi iinyawo, intshi kunye iiyadi. Ingakumbi ngokubanzi ezi yunithi ezifunyenweyo imikhumbi kunye weenqanawa.

Ngokutsho ilivo, okokuqala ezichongiweyo nangoku kweyadi ngo-101, Libe ixabiso ngokulinganayo ubude impumlo ka uHenry I (King of England) ukuya kwincam ngomnwe phakathi esandleni sakhe, ndinabile ngokuxwesileyo. Namhlanje, lo mgama yi 0,91 m.

Foot kunye eyadini - imilinganiselo umlinganiselo kweediliya ezinento omnye komnye. Bayinzala igama IsiNgesi «unyawo» - ngonyawo, eli xabiso ilingana ukuya kwenye-sesithathu eyadini. Namhlanje iinyawo - na ubude 30,48.

Ukususela igama Dutch ukuba ubhontsi, ofumana alibize igama layo eli candelo nje intshi. Yintoni ekuqaleni Walinganisa ububanzi? It wayelingana ubude leenkozo ezintathu zerhasi okanye yokuhlasela ezomisiweyo ubhontsi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, omnye intshi yi 2,54 cm kunye wokubala ubudeki engaphakathi amavili, iityhubhu kunye like. D.

Ukulungiswa kakuhle kwenkqubo

Ukuze ukunika olulula utshintsho unit omnye komnye, e Rus iitafile ezizodwa ziye zapapashwa. Kwelinye icala, Bazizisile amanyathelo yamandulo. Units asemzini, lowo wadibana Russian, babekwa kuphawu ngokulinganayo. Kulo itafile enye, bazizisa ezo kwiiyunithi ezithelekisekayo ezisetyenziswe kweli lizwe.

Noko ke, ukudideka kunye nenkqubo kwamanyathelo baseRashiya oku isiphelo. Kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo ukusebenzisa iiyunithi zabo. Isiphelo sale sabekwa kuphela ngo-1918, xa eRashiya watshintshela kwinkqubo metric.

umthamo Ukulinganisa

Umntu kufuneka ijongwe eziphathekayo ulwelo isambuku. Ukuze wenze oku, waqalisa ukusebenzisa konke oko ifumaneke kuye ekhaya (emele, iingqayi kunye nezinye izikhongozeli).

Zeziphi umlinganiselo endala lwamanyathelo mqulu kwenzeka eRashiya? imizimba ezikhululekileyo, ookhokho bethu kulinganiswa:

1. Osminnikom okanye Osmino. Le yunithi mandulo elingana iilitha 104,956. A kota efanayo ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye indawo sambombo 1365.675 imitha. Osmino kuqala okhankanywe amaxwebhu ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-15. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi eRashiya ngenxa usizo kwalo, njengokuba ubungakanani izihlandlo ezibini ngaphantsi kwekota. Kwakukho nokuba umgangatho ethile yokulinganisa. Yena itanki, leyo ehlonyelwe ukuphehla yentsimbi. Grain igalelwe yokulinganisa Osmino uppers. Emva esebenzisa imixholo nangephenyane ukuze ibe buthelezi lokucheba. Iisampulu izikhongozeli ezifanayo ezenziwe ngobhedu zathunyelwa kuzo Russia.

2. Bamba, okanye kadyu. Ezi iitanki yokulinganisa kuxhaphakile kwiinkulungwane 16-17. Kumaxesha akutshanje, badibana kunqabile kakhulu. Enyamalele waye umlinganiselo ephambili imizimba evakalala eRashiya. Kwaye igama yunithi uvela imiphanda ezizodwa (iifatyi), nto leyo aguqulelwe nomlinganiselo. Ukulinganisa indebe phezulu Ukufudumala ihupula sisinyithi yenza kube nzima ukuba ukusika imiphetho ubuqili athengisele imali encinci yengqolowa.

3. Quarter. Eli nyathelo volume kusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ubungakanani zomgubo, okuziinkozo kunye neenkozwana. Kubomi bemihla ngemihla kwikota-kwi impahla lihanjiswa banzi, njengoko waba ubungakanani practical ngakumbi (1/4 ityathanga). Le yunithi of ulinganiso eRashiya ukusuka 14 ukuya 19.

4. Kul. Le ndlela yokulinganisa endala Russian lisetyenziswa izinto granular, lingana ne ukuya 5-9 pudam. Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba igama elithi "engxoweni" kanye kwakuthetha "uboya". Eli gama lisetyenziswa iziqulathi athungwe wesikhumba isilwanyana. izikhongozeli Kamva efanayo ezenziwe ngezinto ngentsimbi womluki.

5. ezimbizeni. Loo umlinganiselo wookhokho bethu kumiselwa umlinganiselo wokubanzi. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba emele ibekwe ngendlela iikomityi othengela kuyo 8, umthamo ngasinye sazo 10 Charka.

6. nemigqomo. Loo unit abarhwebi Russian xa basemzini ukuthengisa iwayini. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba umphanda iqulethe iinkonkxa-10.

7. iimbiza. Le imbiza enkulu ngodongwe ifumana isicelo yalo inomlinganiselo umthamo iwayini. Kuba iindawo ezahlukeneyo Rus korchaga zazisuka Iilitha ezingama-12 ukuya kwezili-15.

nesilinganiso ubunzima

inkqubo Old Russian amanyathelo ibandakanyiwe, kwaye iyunithi yokulinganisa ubunzima. Ngaphandle kwabo umsebenzi yorhwebo akunakwenzeka. Kukho umlinganiselo yamandulo mass womlinganiselo ezahlukeneyo. Phakathi kwabo:

1. Le spool. Ekuqaleni eli gama lalithetha ingqekembe encinane ngegolide, leyo ke iyunithi yokulinganisa. Ngokuthelekisa ubunzima bayo kunye namanye amanqaku ezixabisekileyo, elinqabileyo nobunyulu metal wayezimisele, aba kuzo.

2. Pud. Le yunithi yobunzima lingana 3840 futhi kwakuhambisana ukuya spool 16,3804964 kg. Nkqu Ivan Grozny wayalela ukuba bahlaziye nayiphi na imveliso pudovschikov kuphela. Yaye ekubeni 1797, emva kokuba umthetho zemilinganiselo amanyathelo, baqalisa ukuvelisa ubunzima ungqukuva ehambelana ukuya kwenye kwaye ezimbini pudam.

3. Berkovets. Igama le iiyunithi emikhulu evela kwidolophu zorhwebo Swedish Bjerke. Enye kwakuhambisana berkovets pudam 10 okanye 164 kg. Ekuqaleni, loo abarhwebi a ubungakanani enkulu-kusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ubunzima amafutha kunye nobusi.

4. Yabelana. Le yunithi yomlinganiselo eRussia kwelincinane. ubunzima wakhe 14.435 mg, ezinokufaniswa nge 1/96 ye spool. Amaninzi, umyinge esetyenziswa kwi zobisi.

5. Pound. Ekuqaleni, iyunithi yomlinganiselo sobunzima yayisaziwa ngokuba "hryvnia." ixabiso layo elivumelana spool 96. Ukususela ngo 1747 imina leyo yaba ubunzima reference, eyasetyenziswa de 1918

indawo yokulinganisa

Ezinye migangatho ziye ezaqanjwa ookhokho bethu, yaye zijongisise ixabiso lomhlaba. Le yamandulo amanyathelo lomlinganiselo ndawo, kuquka:

1. khilomitha square. Ukuphawulwa le yunithi, ilingana no 1,138 macala onke. khilomitha, ifumaneka amaxwebhu abasusela kangangeenkulungwane 11-17.

2. Izishumi. Le yunithi omdala Russian, apho ixabiso elungelelene 2400 macala onke. iimitha umhlaba olimekayo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kwelishumi 1,0925 yeehektare. Le yunithi isetyenziswa ngenkulungwane ye-14. Yena wayesaziwa uxande amacala zayo 80 ukuya ku-30 okanye ziifatom-60 ukuya kuma-40. Le isishumi njengento breech yaye umlinganiselo omkhulu emhlabeni.

3. Quarter. Le ndlela yokulinganisa umhlaba olimekayo yaba iyunithi, nto ke leyo eka enesiqingatha. Edume ngokuba ikota ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-15, nokusetyenziswa kwayo esemthethweni kwaqhubeka de 1766 igama layo, le yunithi yamkeliswe kummandla yemilinganiselo, leyo uhlwayela nespelete umlinganiselo umthamo ¼ umahluleli.

4. Soha. Le yunithi kwindawo ulinganiso eRashiya ukusuka 13 kangangeenkulungwane-17. Sasilisebenzisela ukuba Irhafu irhafu-ohlawulayo. Kwaye iintlobo ezininzi epuluweni, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani lizwe intle. Ngenxa yoko, le yunithi kwaba:

- okhonzayo equlathe kwiikota 800 yoyi elima;
- Church (600 yokuhlala);
- black (400 yokuhlala).

Ukuze ukwazi zingaphi Cox ezikhoyo kwi State Russian, waqhuba ubalo taxpaying amazwe. Kwaye kuphela 1678-1679 gg. iyunithi le ndawo liye lathatyathelw inani eyadini.

Ukusetyenziswa yanamhlanje yamanyathelo ezindala

Kwezinye iiyunithi, inkcazo umthamo, indawo kunye nomgama, ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ookhokho bethu, siyazi namhlanje. Ngokomzekelo, kwamanye amazwe, ubude isekhona umlinganiselo kangangeekhilomitha, iiyadi, iinyawo intshi, kwaye esetyenziswa ukupheka kunye esikiti spool.

Noko ke, uninzi iiyunithi ezindala kusikhawulela kwimisebenzi yoncwadi, amabali zembali kunye namaqhalo.