UMaxim Gorky, "Mama": isishwankathelo. Uhlalutyo lwencwadi kaGoorky "Mama"

Sinikela ingqalelo kwintleveli eyenziwa nguMnu Gorky, "Mama," isishwankathelo esifutshane kunye nokuhlalutya. Lo msebenzi ushicilelwe okokuqala ngqa e-USA (1906-1907). Ngokuphazamiseka okuphawulekayo kwilizwe lethu, kwaphuma ngo-1907-1908. Kwaye emva kokuguqulwa kwe-1917 - kwifom yangaphambili.

Andrei Nakhodka

UAndrei Onisimovich Nakhodka (Andrei - "Khokhol") - i-revolutionary-underground, eyamkelwa nguNikovna kunye nomhlobo kaPavel Vlasov. UngumUkraine, intandane-umzali (nokuba igama leqhawe lithetha ntoni), "lingekho mthethweni". Igama lakhe lithetha ukuba "uyindodana yabo bonke abantu," efanekisela abantu, "bonke abantu-ekuqaleni kweenguqulelo, uMnu Gorky (" uMama ") wayefuna ukugxininisa.

Isishwankathelo sencwadana ineziganeko ezilandelayo.

Ukubanjwa

Iqhawe livakalisa iingcamango malunga nabazalwana bamazwe ngamazwe abasebenza, eziqulethe iingxelo kwiVangeli. U-Nilovna wamnika ukuba ahlale ekhaya. Njengomphumo wophando, kuvela ukuba u-Andrei sele sele ebandakanyeka kabini kuphando lwezopolitiko. Uyabanjwa kwakhona, kodwa emva kweveki ezimbalwa akhululiwe. Kwintetho kunye naye kwiNivvna, umqondo wokuba ngumama kwi-universal, kwikhonkrithi, nangona ingqiqo yinto ekhoyo. Eli qhawe lithatha ekubulaweni kuka-Isaya Gorbov, umgcini wendawo kunye nenhloli, inxaxheba ngokungathanga ngqo. Kubangela ukuhlupheka kakubi, nangona u-Andrei eqonda isidingo sokutshabalalisa "uYudas" onje. Ngethuba lokubonisa ngoMeyi 1, usondele kufuphi noPawulos, ophethe ibhanki, kwaye abo babanjwa. Ngexesha lovavanyo, uAndreya ufumana ilizwi emva koPawulos, kodwa ke unqatshelwe ithuba lokuthetha. Abahlobo ndawonye bagwetywa ukuthunjwa eSiberia.

Nilovna

UVlasova uPelageya Nilovna uyi-heroine, umfanekiso ofuzisela kwincwadi yaseRashiya. Iquka "abantu", ukujonga yonke iimeko ngeziganeko. Iintshukumo zobunjani bukaNilovna zenzelwe ukubonisa utshintsho kwizengqondo zabantu. Uthando lwakhe ngonyana wakhe luguqulwa luthando lwabantu ngokubanzi. Ingcamango yomzabalazo osebenzayo wezopolitiko uhlanganiswe kulo mlingiswa ngencazelo yobuKristu. Intshukumo yokuguquguquka iyayiqonda njengento yokuhamba "yabantwana." Yena, engunina, akanako ukuvelana naye, ephawula uMark Gorky ("Mama").

Isishwankathelo sokuthatha inxaxheba kwincwadi yamanqaku aphambili ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. I-Nilovna ekuqaleni kwenkcazelo ineminyaka engama-40 ubudala, kodwa iboniswa ngumfazi osekhulile, kuba wayehlala ubomi bakhe bonke ekulindele ukubetha.

Unyana wakhe uPawulos emva kokufa kwendoda yakhe wayefuna ukuphila, "njengoyise." Ibhinqa liyamcenga ukuba angenzi oku. Kodwa utshintsho olwenzekayo kwindodana luloyikisayo. Emva kokubona abahlobo bakaPavel, u-Nilovna akakholelwa ukuba abo "ngabantu abenqatshelwe." Ababonakali besabekayo kwi heroine nonke. U-Nilovna ucacisa ukuba uPavel uthathe uAndreya kubafizi, ngokwenene, ukuba ngumama kuye. Emva kokuba abahlobo babanjwe, uvakalelwa kukuba unesizungu, njengoko wayeqhele ukuthetha nabantu abatsha.

Ukusasazwa kwamaphecana

Abahlobo bakhe bonyana, iintsuku ezimbini emva kokubanjwa kwakhe, bacelwa ukuba bancedise ukusabalalisa amaphephancwadi kwifeshini. Ebona ukuba unako ukumisa ukusola kukaPawulos, uyaziguqula abasebenzi njengento enqatshelwe uncwadi ngorhwebo. Xa uNakhodka ebuya entolongweni, umxelela ngale nto, evuma ukuba ucinga nje ngonyana wakhe, usebenza kuphela ngothando lomama.

Isishwankathelo seNew Gorky "Mama" yile nkqubela elandelayo. Kancinci, ekhangele abo ba tyelela uAndrei, iNglovna ngengqondo iqala ukudibanisa bonke obu bubuso ubuso obufana nobuso bukaKristu. Uqonda ngokukhawuleza into efunekayo "ubomi obutsha". Ukufunda ukuba umbulali uGorbov wabulawa, kwaye uAndrew wangena ngokungahambi kule nto, uNilovna uthe akaboni mntu unetyala, nangona umangaliswa ngamazwi akhe, ngokuchasene nomoya wobuKristu.

Rybin

Ngethuba lokubonakalisa ngoMeyi 1, uthetha abantu kwaye uthetha "isizathu esingcwele", ubiza ukuba ungashiyi abantwana bodwa kule ndlela. Emva kokubanjwa kwabahlobo, i-Nilovna esuka kwindawo yokuthunyelwa kwefektri yathuthela kwisixeko. Emva koko, uya kwidolophana ukuze adibanise ukuhanjiswa kweencwadi. Apha i heroine ihlangana noRicbin, ummelwane owayengummelwane ophazamisa abalimi, amnika iincwadi. Ukubuyela kwisixeko, i-Nilovna iqala ukuthwala uncwadi olungavunyelwe, amaphephandaba kunye nokuvakaliswa kwiidolophana. Uthatha inxaxheba kumngcwabo kaYegor Ivanovich, uguquko kunye nomntu wakuleli zwe. Lo mngcwabo uphenduka ube ngumngcipheko emangcwabeni ngamapolisa. U-Nilovna uthatha umfana onzakeleyo kwaye uyamkhathalela, njengoko "uMama" kaGorky esitshela .

Isishwankathelo seziganeko eziqhubekayo ziyamangalisa kakhulu. Emva kokubuyela kwidolophana emva kwesikhashana, ubukele ukuboshwa kukaRicbin kwaye unyanzelekile ukuba anikezele iincwadi eziziswe kuye, ngokuzenzekelayo zawela ezandleni zabantu abahlala kwilizwe, abaphazamisayo phakathi kwabo. Emva kokundwendwela uPawulos entolongweni, i heroine ithumela inqaku ngesicwangciso sokuphunyuka, kodwa unyana wenqaba ukubalekela aze abhale malunga naloo mpendulo. Nangona kunjalo, abasebenzi baseplasini baphumelele ukulungiselela ukuphunyuka kukaRybin kunye nomnye umboshwa. U-Nilovna, kwisicelo sakhe, wavunyelwa ukuba abukele ngaphandle ngaphandle kokusinda.

Gqibela

Ibhinqa likhoyo ngexesha lokulingwa kukaPawulos kunye nabahlobo bakhe, emva koko ikhuphela intetho yelizwi likaPawulos kumshicileli wokuprinta ngaphantsi komhlaba, libizwa ukuba lilethe iikopi eziprintiweyo kwilali. Kulo sitishi uyaqaphela ukulinda. Ebona ukuba ukubanjwa akukwazi ukuphetshwa, kodwa kungenakufuna ukuba amaphecana aphelelwe nganto, uyawaphonsa kwisihlwele. Ibhinqa elibethelwa ngamapolisa lithetha ngamazwi afudumele kulabo abakujikelezile. Ukugqibela komsebenzi akucaci ngokupheleleyo. Mhlawumbi uNilovna uyafa. Ngaloo ndlela iphetha kwincwadi entsha kaMe. Gorky "uMama." Isishwankathelo seziganeko eziphambili sichazwe ngasentla.

Pavel Vlasov

UVlasov Pavel Mikhailovich (Pavel) - unyana wongumntu oyintloko, owaba ngumguqululwazi wezobugcisa kunye nomsebenzi welifa. Iprototype yakhe yayinguP. Zalomov, isisebenzi se-Sormovo. Ixesha leli qhawe lidibene nesimboli yedini lesentlawulelo. Egameni lakhe, umntu unokubona ukufana okufana nomfanekiso wompostile, kuba ekuqaleni komsebenzi kukho utshintsho olubukhali ebomini leqhawe elivela kumntu olula wenziwa ngumqhubi wezopolitiko, njengoko kuchazwe nguMnu Gorky ("uMama").

Isishwankathelo sezenzo zakhe ezongezelelweyo kuyo yonke imiba yenguqulelo.

Umsebenzi kaPavel wokuguqula

Isenzo sakhe sokuqala sokuzimisela sasimelana nokubetha kukayise. Ubawo, owayesebenza njengesikhonkco, uMikhail Vlasov, u-subconscious protest community usweleka ekuziphatheni okubi kunye noxinzelelo.

Emva kokufa kwakhe, iqhawe lizama ukumxelisa, kodwa intlanganiso kunye nomjikelezo ophantsi komhlaba utshintsha ukubonakala kwayo kwangaphandle nangaphakathi, okuphawulwe nguMnu Gorky ("uMama").

Isishwankathelo sezahluko zeziganeko eziqhubekayo ebomini balo mlingiswa zilandelayo. Kwindlu kaPawulos, iintlanganiso ziqala ukuqala, apho u-Andrei Nakhodka, u-Nikolai Vesovshchikov, unyana wesela, utitshala uThatasha, uFeodor Sizov, umsebenzi wefektri kunye nabanye bathatha inxaxheba. Ngokukhawuleza uxwayisa uNilovna ukuba bonke bajongene nejele. Ubunzima kunye nokunyaniseka kukaPawulos kubonakala sengathi unina "u-monastic." Ngokomzekelo, ubiza ukuba ashiye intsapho kaAndrei kunye nolonwabo ngenxa ye "shishini" kwaye uyavuma ukuba wayekhe wenza ukhetho olunjalo. Xa ethetha nomama, uNakhodka ubiza eli qhawe "indoda yensimbi." Abahlobo bakaPawulos bahambisa amaphephancwadi kwi-factory. Endlwini yakhe, uphando lwenziwa, njengoko uMaxim Gorky ("uMama") esitshela.

Isishwankathelo esifutshane kweziganeko ezilandelayo zilandelayo. Ngomso olandelayo emva koko, iintetho zenguqulelo kunye ne-stoker Rybin, eya ku tyelela. Uthi kuyimfuneko "ukuseka ukholo olutsha." UPawulos ukholelwa ukuba ingqondo kuphela inokukhulula umntu. Ngexesha lokuxabana kwabasebenzi kunye nokuphathwa kwefektri (ibango elithi "marsh penny") ibali, iqhawe libabiza ukuba balwe namalungelo, bacebise ukuba baququzelele isiteleka. Kodwa abantu abamxhasi, uPawulos ufumana oko ngenxa ye "ubuthathaka" bakhe.

Ubanjwa ebusuku, kodwa emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa. Abahlobo baya kubhiyozela ngoMeyi 1, uPawulos uzimisele ngexesha lokubonisa ukuphatha ibhanki. Xa oko kwenzeka, ubanjwa phakathi kwezinye iinkokheli (abantu abangama-20 kuphela). Ngaloo ndlela iphetha inxalenye yokuqala. Emva koko, uPawulos ubonakala kuphela kwizahluko zokugqibela, kwimeko yokugweba. Lapha ukhulula intetho, ebeka inkqubo yakhe yeNtlalo-iDemocratic. Inkundla yamgweba iqhawe lokuthunjwa eSiberia. Ngoko iphetha ukuthabatha inxaxheba kwimimangaliso yalo mlingiswa, kwaye ngoko yile ncwadana uGorky "uMama." Isishwankathelo somsebenzi kunye nohlalutyo lwalo lunikezelwe ngqalelo yakho.