Iinkcukacha ze-Ostap (uN. Gogol, "iTaras Bulba"). Iimpawu zokufanisa ze-Ostap kunye ne-Andria

Ibali likaGogol "iTaras Bulba" ngumkhiqizo odibeneyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubonakala ngathi kuzukisa amandla angenakucingelwayo emoya waseRashiya, ngolunye uloyikisayo umfundi wanamhlanje ngeenkcazo zezenzo zamandulo. Kuhlala nje ukubulela isithuba ngenxa yokuba asizange siphila kwixesha elibi.

Zonke iimpawu zeCosacks, iindlela zabo zokufikelela iinjongo kunye nendlela yokuphila ibonakala namhlanje namhlanje.

Intlanganiso yeentsapho zeBulba

Iqhinga, mhlawumbi, lisakhunjulwa kwibhentshi yesikolo: umkholi osekudala uTaras Bulba, elinde kwi-Kiev Academy yabantwana bakhe bobabini - ostap omdala kunye noAndrius omncinane, uya nabo baya kwiZaporizhzhya Sich, ngenxa yesimo sakhe sengqondo kuzo zonke "iitani neefilosofi" I ngathethi. Inzululwazi yinyani ibona i-Cossack endala impi eshushu kunye nentsebenziswano yomntu.

Oonyana bakhe bobabini benempilo, abafana abathandekayo "abaneminyaka engamashumi amabini ubudala". Zihlukile: uphawu lwe-Ostap luqala ukucima kwiphepha lokuqala. Ingabuyi ekhaya, engena ekulweni noyise, engamvumeli ukuba azihlehle (yena u-Bulba owayengumdala uyabonakala ekhohlisayo ". Sifanele sihlawule ubungqina bokuba u-colonel akazange athukuthele unyana wakhe omdala, kodwa ngokuchaseneyo: wayevuyisiwe kwaye wayefuna ukulwa nomncinci. Kodwa le yenziwe enye inhlama, kunye noyise ngokukhawuleza bhala: "Ewe, ungo-mazunchik, njengoko ndiyibona!".

Ubuntu be-Ostap omncinci

UGogol uchaza abalinganiswa bamaqhawe akhe kwiimpawu ezimbalwa kodwa ezicacileyo, kunye nesimo se-Ostap sincinci kunabanye. Umntu ungumlingane othe ngqo, onyanisekileyo, ongazange athengise zakhe iinkcukacha kwiindawo zokuhlawula.

Indodana endala yeTaras ayikhathalele ukufunda, yodwa isongelo lokuba kwiinkonzo zemonasti kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini, echazwe nguyise, inomnyusa ukuba athathe isayensi. Kwaye ke kuvela ukuba ubuchule bakhe abububi kunabo babanye, kodwa kunjalo u-Ostap akaze acingisise malunga nantoni na, ngaphandle "kwemfazwe kunye neentlobano zokutya."

Ngaloo nto, ububele abuyiyo intliziyo yakhe (okwenyaniso, kunye nokugcinwa kwezinto "ezinzima kwaye ezinamandla" kunye nexesha elifanayo). Ukukhupha umama onamahlwempu kumntwana omdala unesihe, aze ahambe ekhaya, intloko yakhe yaqubuda ingathandeki.

Cherchez la femme

Unyana wesibini waseBulba uhlukile kwi-first-born: umzekelo wokuthelekisa we- Ostap kunye no-Andria unikwe ngokukhawuleza umfundi. Umntakwabo omncinci akavumi ukunyamezela - uzimisele kakhulu kwisayensi, nakuzo zonke iintlobo zeemvakalelo. Ukuphupha kwamandla empi, yena, nangona kunjalo, ucinge ngezinye izinto ezininzi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba uAndriy wabonisa iimpawu zobunkokheli kwi-Academy, ngokuqhelekileyo yinkomo yeprose ehlukeneyo, kunye nokuqonda kwakhe kunye nokulumkisa ngamanye amaxesha kwamlondoloza kwisigwebo. Ngaloo ngqiqo, uphawu lwe-Ostap luphambene: akazange afune ukunkokheli, akazange acinge ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuzithethelela. Wamkela isijeziso esifanelekileyo ngokukhawuleza nangokungahambisani, esithetha kokubili ukungabi nobuqili kunye nobukho bobukratshi.

Uhlobo oluphambili, oluphawu luka-Andriy no-Ostap lithetha kumfundi onomdla, yindawo yowesifazane emphefumlweni ngamnye. Ukuba umzalwana omdala engacingi ngolu hlobo, omncinci wamva ngokukhawuleza isidingo sothando, ngokukhawuleza xa eneminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo.

Umlinganiselo weTaras Bulba kwisiqingatha esibuthathaka somntu ungaphezu kokukhathazeka. "I-Cossack ayifuni ngokukrokra nabasetyhini," - lo luphawu lwesigaba seTaras. U-Ostap, ngokusobala, wayekwazi ukuphakamisa uyise "emoyeni". Ngomncinci akazange asebenze: nangona efunda, udibana neKiev, "intombazana enhle yasePoland," intombi yerhuluneli yokutyelela, kwaye uyamthanda ngokubulala kwakhe. Oluvakalelo luya kumkholisa.

Kufunda kwi imfazwe

Emva kokufika kwi-Sich, umdala u-Bulba wenza ngokukhawuleza ukuzondeza i-ataman kwiprogram yokulwa (ukwenzela ukuba oonyana bathe i-gun powder). Emva kokuba wenqatshelwe, umdala wekoloni uyangena kwi-tirade evuthayo, intsingiselo yokuba ubomi obungenayo imfazwe akunanto.

Ekugqibeleni, iTaras ekugqibeleni "inenhlanhla". KwiKosh yiCosack kunye neendaba ezibuhlungu ukuba kuzo zonke iipolisi zixinzezelwe ngabantu baseOthodoki, kwaye kunye necawa ngoku zingamaYuda - ukuze kusebenze, kubalulekile ukuhlawula "amaYuda". Emva kokubulala abanye oonyana bakaSirayeli kwiindawo eziseSich, iiCosacks zihamba kwiqhankqalazo elinamandla kwaye ziza kwisixeko esinqatyisiweyo saseDubno, abemi bayo belungele ukulwa ukuya ekugqibeleni, kodwa banganikeli inceba yombutho waseZaporozhye. Akunakutsholwa ukuba eso sikhundla asiyilunganga: inkcazo yemikhosi yama-Cossacks ayifumani ncamango ingcamango yenceba, apho: kuyo yonke indawo, apho abaqhawe abanesibindi badlula khona, batshisa, babulawa, baphangwa kwaye bahlushwa-njengaye, u-Gogol waphinda, amasiko alo .

Ingqondo kunye nomdla

Ngoko, iDubno ayiyeki, kodwa abemi bayo basesimeni esinzima: akukho ndawo yokutya kwisixeko, iidolophana ezijikelezileyo ziphangwa, kwaye iiCosacks zikho phambi kweendonga, zenzelwe ukubamba ukunqotshwa kude kube yindlala ezenzayo izixhobo.

Ekuhambeni kweemfazwe, ekugqibeleni kuyacaca ukuba yintoni na unyana oyena mkhulu weTaras: Ostap Bulba: uphawu olunikezwa nguyise lulo luhle kakhulu: "Kuya kuba nekholori elungileyo ngexesha, kwaye nanjengokuba ubaba uya kuvala inqeni!" Umzalwana omdala, nangona wayemncinane (uneminyaka engamashumi amabini anesibini), ubonakalisa njengomntu, wadala "ukwenza imicimbi yempi". Unesibindi, ininzi-mali, ukubala ekulweni, ukukwazi ukuvavanya kakuhle isikhundla sakhe kunye namandla otshaba. Ingcamango yakhe ixakeke kakhulu-kwaye uyifumana indlela yokufezekisa into oyifunayo, nokuba ibuyele okwesikhashana.

Ngokukhawuleza, umahluko phakathi kwabazalwana ekugqibeleni uzimisele: uphawu lukaAndriy no-Ostap aluphikisani noko basele bawaziyo, ngokuchaseneyo, luyakongezwa ngamaqiniso amatsha.

Unyana omncinci kaTaras ubona ekulweni "evuyisa kwaye evuya." Akayithandanga ukuvavanya kwangaphambili okanye ukucamngca: oku kungokwemvelo, kunoko, unomdla kunye nemvelo, kunokuba uhlale uzinzile kwaye unengqiqo. Ngamanye amaxesha, kunye nokuhlaselwa kobukroti obunzima, uyakwazi ukwenza into engenakwenzeka, kwaye uyise uyayivumela unyana wakhe, eqhubeka ekhetha umdala: "Yilungile ... umkhosi! Awuyi-Ostap, kodwa unomusa, unomusa, naye ungumkhweli! "

Ukuthengiswa kukaAndrius

Ngaphantsi kwesixeko esizingqingelweyo, iiCosacks zixhatshazwa yixhalaba, zidakwa kunye nabafundisi. Uqeqesho lwaseZaporozhye oluchazwe nguGogol luya kuthusa ingcali yezempi: yonke inkampu ilele, kwaye u-Andrii kuphela uhamba e-steppe eneentliziyo ezinzulu-kungenjalo, ebona ingozi yakhe. Kwaye ngokwenene: nantsi ingumoya yomntu othile. Utshatyalaliswa, uyayibona intombi yakhe njengokwazi kwakhe eKiev: iTartar, ekhulile kwisixeko esizingqingiweyo kwinqanaba elingaphantsi komhlaba, laza lacela u-Andria ukuba athathe isinkwa se-pannochka.

Ukuziphatha kwamaqhawe kwimeko yeziganeko ezilandelelanayo kulungelelaniswa nobuntu bomntu ngamnye. Sinokuthi ukubonakaliswa kweTaras Bulba, i- Ostap, ne-Andriya izalisekile-ihlala kuphela ukuqonda indlela iimpawu zokomoya ezinokumisela ngayo ixesha elizayo.

Ummeli omncinci wentsapho, isintu kunye nokulangazelela umnwabo, ulahlekelwa intloko. Emva kokuya kwisiPolish esihle ngesonka, uAndrii ukhohliwe umsebenzi wakhe kunye nelizwe lakhe. "Uzala wam!" - uthi kumthandekayo wakhe, kwaye uhlala kwisixeko esizingqingelwe, ewele ngaphesheya kwintshaba.

Iindaba zokungcatsha kwonyana wakhe, eziswe ngumYuda uYankel, zibuhlungu buhlungu iTaras. Kukho iinzame zokuzama ukumduduza: umkholi osekudala ukhumbule ukuba "amandla omfazi obuthakathaka mkhulu ... ukuba uhlobo lwe-Andria lukwazi ukunyanzela ngapha nangapha."

Ukufa koonyana

Nangona kunjalo, ukuqwashiswa kobuthathaka obuthathakayo akubangela ukuba uBolba axolele - unenkani, unenkohlakalo kwaye unenzondelelo kwimigaqo yakhe: ukukhwela inzala encinane ehlathini ngexesha lemfazwe, uyise ubulala unyana wakhe ngamazwi asele aphendule: "Ndazalela, Ndiya kukubulala! ".

Emva kokulahlekelwa yindodana enye, ubaba unikela lonke uthando lwakhe nokuziqhenya komnye. Ekhohliswa ngokugqithiseleyo empini, ephila ngokumangalisa, uya eWarsaw ngokwakhe ukuba azame ukuhlangula i-Ostap ekuthinjweni - kodwa oku, ngelishwa, akunakwenziwa. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba ubaba abone unyana wakhe (kungekhona ubuncinane ngenxa yengqumbo kaTaras ngokwakhe, ongenakukwazi ukunyamezela ukuhlambalaza komlindi, uYanel, owayengumhlobo wakhe noYankel, wazama ukukrokra ngeentetho eziphathekayo negolide ye-chervontsi ).

Ukushiya ithemba, i-Bulba endala ikhona kwisikwere apho amabanjwa aqhutyelwa khona, kwaye uphawu lwe-Ostap, olunikezwe ngaphambili, luphinde luqinisekiswe. Ngaphantsi kobandezelo, akenzi isandi, ukuze angabonisi "abagxeki" -abantu banandipha ukuva i-croak groans. Umphefumlo wakhe wagubha kanye kuphela, kunye nohlwayiso olubi kakhulu, kwaye ke, ukuvumela ubuthathaka (mhlawumbi ixesha elilodwa ebomini bakhe obufutshane) U-Ostap wamemeza ebuhlungu besifo: "Batko! Uphi na? Ngaba uyayiva? "Yaye phakathi kwababukeli uBulba waphendula unyana wakhe othandekayo:" Ndive! ".