Ulwazi Social nokunikeza - nto ... Eneenkcukacha yolwazi lwentlalo kunye nokuzondelela amalungelo

ulwazi Social nokunikeza - elo ilifa iimpawu uluntu yesixhobo. Zama ukuqonda ingakumbi lwazi.

Le bokuqonda zenzululwazi yezentlalo kunye noLuntu

Okwangoku, kukho ingxaki ezifana ukuhlelwa zenzululwazi yezentlalo kunye noluntu. Abanye ababhali Siyaleza hlule zibe eyoluntu Social Sciences. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba lwahlulo akufanelekanga. Loo ukungaboni ngasonye yaba ithuba elihle kakhulu Institute of ulwazi intlalo yoluntu.

Faka Sciences Social

Basimisela isifundo eneenkcukacha oluntu nazo zonke kwentsimi yayo ekhoyo: zomthetho, ezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho. Ukuze uqhelane kunye awohluke ze kwicala lezingluntu, abaphengululi baqhube uphando, ukuhlalutya notshintsho nokwakheka wolawulo. Phakathi sciences zentlalo ezahlula, isayensi kwezopolitiko, imbali, bulumko, economics.

Abantu

Kubume kukho izifundo zonqulo, nezifundo zenkcubeko, bengqondo, pedagogy. In eyoluntu ezentlalo kufana ezininzi, ngoko le ntsingiselo ummandla olukhethekileyo lolwazi.

ubungqina

Wonke nolwazi lwentlalo-ntle yabantu - indawo eyahlukileyo ulwazi lwenzululwazi, oko uneempawu ezithile kufuneka abe khona. Phakathi iimpawu ezentlalo kunye ezoluntu ziqaqambisa ukubaluleka kuthathelwa ingqalelo mba inkululeko. Ukuba iinzululwazi zendalo (chemistry, ibhayoloji, physics) swi isifundo kweenkqubo zendalo ezinxulumene zasendle, ulwazi lwentlalo-ntle yabantu - kwenziwa isifundo yomsebenzi kwabantu ubuciko, ezomthetho umsebenzi, yezoqoqosho. umsebenzi yabantu na eyenzekayo, kwenzeke. Ukuba iinkqubo zendalo akukho inkululeko, ukuba izinto ezenziwa ngabantu ozimeleyo ngokupheleleyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto ezentlalo kunye nezoluntu - ubuncinane ngokuqinisekile, ezingenzeka ubuninzi.

Iimpawu of Science, kunye noLuntu

Ezi nkcukacha kule ndawo kukuba kubalulekile ukufunda yokwenene ayinyani. Ukuba into yokufunda of nesayensi izinto eziphathekayo, eyoluntu bekwi uphando kwiinkqubo eziphathekayo, ngaloo ndlela uhlalutyo yinyani. ngemeko yezentlalo-ntle yabantu inxulunyaniswa lokuqonda koluntu. Ekubeni ke geqe, oko kukuthi sizalwa kuso nasiphi na isifundo esithile, ukuba enze uphando kweli cala kunzima. Kuba abantu abaninzi, ezingqondweni isifundo esithile ingafumaneki. Bayakwazi ukubona kuphela wabonakala lwangaphandle ngokohlobo ekuthetheni nasekwenzeni, ezo zilawulwa yi abazi lutho. Kungenxa kuye ezingqonge bahlole interlocutor. Kodwa ke ingxaki lilele yokuba phantsi nokuhlonipheka lwangaphandle Kusenokwenzeka ukuba afihle mthetho ngenene, okanye umntu basemngciphekweni kakhulu.

iingxaki

Institute of Social kunye Knowledge yobuntu bajamelana ingxaki enjalo, njengoko ndikuphaphele ogqibeleleyo. It has iipropati ezithile emzimbeni imichiza, ezifana igcwala, nesigxina Valence le ngumongo. osemqoka layo ukuba ethereal, nemizimba. Eneneni, ulwazi olunikiweyo kwifomu yalo efanelekileyo, kungakhathaliseki yenethiwekhi ngqo - ingqondo. Ngenxa yezi zizathu, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukulungisa ezingqondweni iindlela njongo. imizwa yabantu lingaba nokulinganiswa nomlawuli hayi, isigqibo dynamometer. Iintlobo zonyango kunye nezixhobo ezibonakalayo zenza kube lula ukuba zifake nokomzimba lobuchopho, ezo abathwali lokuqonda kuphela. Umzekelo, unako ukubeka amaza excitation kweeseli zemithambo-luvo, ubume babo lwendawo. Ezingqondweni umntu anikwe njenge amava zangaphakathi, ezikhathazayo. It ngeke sikwazi ukubona ukuba waziva kuphela izixhobo. Nangona zonke iingxaki ezikhoyo isifundo kwabantu ngokomoya, abanako kuqwalaselwa gqithi. ngemeko yezentlalo-ntle yabantu ibandakanya isifundo eneenkcukacha zentetho kunye nemisebenzi yabantu, nolwazi malunga nesakhiwo, ukwakhiwa, imisebenzi lokuqonda koluntu.

iindlela

Ubume ulwazi loluntu kunye nokuzondelela amalungelo akunakwenzeka ngaphandle iindlela ezinkulu: uvelwano kunye anze. Anze liguqulelwe ngokusuka kwisiLatini kuthetha self-kuhlola, ukufunda ubomi ngokomoya, kucazululo ngamava abo. It ikuvumela ukuba ufumane ingcinga engqondweni yakhe. Ngaphandle ubukho le ndlela, ngaba umntu akwazi ukufunda oko, ukuze uyilawule.

Uvelwano (iguqulelwe kwi ulwimi IsiNgesi iyalila novelwano) i lalwano umntu omnye ehlabathini engaphakathi enye, imbono iingcinga kunye neemvakalelo iimpawu zakhe zobuqu zabanye abantu. Institute for Social kunye ezoluntu kugxila kuphando byi ukuchonga iimvakalelo ezifanayo phakathi kwamaqela ezifana-nye nonke, nto leyo kunye ubunzima naziphi na iingozi kunye nobunzima. Le ndlela isekelwe phezu uvelwano, oko kukuthi ilungiselelo yangaphakathi (novelwano) nawuphi na umntu.

uvelwano

Kokuba kube nokuqwalaselwa iqabane zingqondweni zovavanyo ezintle yezenzo zabantu, esekelwe kumava yonxibelelwano. Nalo Ubonisa commonality phakathi kwabantu ezahlukeneyo. Ezi nkcukacha yolwazi lwentlalo-noluntu amanga neqiniso ukuba ubandakanya kuphela ukusetyenziswa uvelwano kunye anze. Xa isifundo iinkqubo zendalo iindlela ezifana azisebenzi.

Yokuvelela izinto ezinokwenziwa

System socio-noluntu lwazi unezinga eliphezulu ezahlukileyo izinto. Ukuba abe neseti iipropati ezithile, nto leyo yongeza iingxaki ukudala inkqubo elidityanisiweyo yophando kwinkalo wobuntu. Ukuba yamachiza lijongene ngokwemiqathango nje ezimbalwa, eziphilayo imithi emibini nompleyini, utitshala okanye igqwetha kufuneka asebenze kunye nabantu ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo. Ukuthelekisa indlela imichiza ngokukhula ezinde yokuhlaziywa koqoqosho, siphawula ukuba kuya kuthatha iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufunda zabo eneenkcukacha. Kuba iindawo zobugcisa zendalo yesicelo kwenkqubo ngamnye ngokuyimfuneko, kuba izinto ngazo kwezi zenzululwazi, uhlobo olufanayo. Umahluko becala ezingabalulekanga, ukuze zibe ngoyaba. Kwaye apha utitshala, zengqondo, igqwetha akwenzeki ngoyaba ngamnye. Ukuhlelwa beeSayensi zezeNtlalo ezoluntu ubhetyebhetye, njengoko kukho iintlobo ezininzi yonke inzululwazi.

Ingcaciso izinto zentlalo kunye nokuzondelela amalungelo

Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka ufake ukubonakaliswa ethile kwisayithi ethile umthetho ethile. Kungenjalo, akuyi kuba nako ukuchaza ngokupheleleyo into, nibambelele kuye isenzo. Ukuchonga iimpawu zentlalo nangokwasengqondweni iqela ngamnye okanye zentlalo njengangoku lusetyenziselwa udidi sengqondo. Olo phando nzima ngakumbi ukufunda kamoya yomntu ngamnye. Bayayidandalazisa nomqondo kukuchaza ekhethekileyo iyunithi, oko kukuthi, khetha iimpawu zentlalo-nasengqondweni.

ukufunda algorithm

Institute for Social kunye ezoluntu (Kazan, Russia) ixesha elide iye ekuphuhliseni ulandelelwano lweentshukumo ezijoliswe ekufundweni iimpawu ezizodwa yesifundo ophilayo. Ngenxa yoko, izigaba ezibini eziphambili ziye zachongwa:

• ekuchongeni iinkalo kumaqumrhu ohlukeneyo, ngokunjalo degree yayo;
• Uthelekiso zezifundo ezahlukeneyo, ixabiso elilimiselayo ngokusekelwe neempawu ezithile, ngokuqaphela ukuba abacinga nganye.

Ukuba akwenziwanga uthelekiso ezinjalo, siza kuthetha isifundo ubuntu, osezingqondweni, kodwa hayi nomqondo. Iingcali zengqondo neengcali baqonde ukubaluleka kuthathelwa ingqalelo imithetho nokusebenza izinto. Kwinkalo kwezentlalo kunye nokuzondelela amalungelo imithetho static isicelo. Zinelungelo kudaleka probabilistic, isizukulwana ngunobangela ezahlukeneyo amanyathelo. Kungenxa yoko le nto zonke iingqikelelo kwi ezentlalo kunye ezoluntu asondele, kwaye ngobugcisa nohlobo - ecacileyo kunye ngqo.

Phakathi iimpawu kwicala ingqalelo ukusetyenziswa khetha nokunqongophala yamava babo enzima. Ngokomzekelo, xa ukufunda imbali ilizwe ukuthetha experiment alilungile, kuba iziganeko sele yenzekile. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa ngophando yokuhlalisana ukuba uhlalutyo yobudlelwane bezizwe. Engeyiyo ulingelo kolu phando zemfuduko. Ngokukodwa ayilunganga abantu susa, ukutshintsha iimeko zokuphila kwabo, umvuzo, Iziseko zeentsapho, ukufumana ezinye uhlobo result. Ukongeza, kukho imida ethical zophando zenzululwazi zentlalo kunye noluntu. amalinge Ukuvalwa, nto leyo eyonakalisa impilo yabantu, abahlaze isidima sobuntu, ukuba ukujongela phantsi igunya. Ngenxa amava eliqingqiweyo isiseko ngamava kule ndawo iya kuba oluthembekileyo ngaphantsi ngakumbi iinkalo zezobugcisa. orientation Social isebenzisa khrayitheriya ethile zenzululwazi:

• nengqiqo;
• conclusiveness;
• verifiability iyahlolwa and practical;
• ukukwazi ukudlala izinto ngezinto;
• essentiality.

isiseko Ubungqina kumjikelo kwezentlalo kunye nokuzondelela amalungelo ngaphantsi kakhulu kwaye yababuhlungu kunanga- zenzululwazi ngqo. Isizathu kukuba inani elingonelanga kwizikhundla sethiyori izibakala lusekiwe. Ngokufuthi, endaweni imithetho, iisayikholojisti kunye ootitshala ungaziva ukuphonononga izinto ezithile.

isiphelo

Kwinkalo elinikelayo verifiability reseach kuthetha ukusetyenziswa leembono, udliwano-ndlebe, iikhweshine, uvavanyo. Ukudlalwa ngezibakala kunokwenzeka kuphela xa kukho iziphumo zophando manani ngezihloko ichaziwe. Ukuba ukuqhuba umfuniselo uyasilela, loo nto ithathwa njengenye indlela ubungqina iqela imithombo. Ngokomzekelo, xa nomthetho, pedagogy wasebenzisa nxaxheba ubungqina siganeko. Zonke izinto amanqanaba ezentlalo kunye nokuzondelela amalungelo ziinkqubo-level ezininzi ezimbaxa zokwakha oluneqela elinegunya. Ukuze ukuhlola ngokupheleleyo le nkqubo, kuthatha ixesha enkulu kwexesha.

sobulumko German UWilhelm Dilthey wathi isibaluli ukuba kokwahlulwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi na indlela esetyenziswayo. Yaba-nzulu waseJamani wacebisa ukwahlula zonke iinzululwazi kwabo ngokuxilonga umoya, yaye abo uphando imithetho yendalo. Hayi kuphela uhlalutyo ngokwakhe umntu, kodwa nolwazi kwizicatshulwa, Codex ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kumjikelo zentlalo-wobuntu. Ukuqonda nokutolika ulwazi oluthile ukunceda iisayikholojisti, ootitshala, amagqwetha, ukuba ukumelana imisebenzi ebekwe phambi kwabo kwindawo yokuqala ukufunda iimpawu ngamnye kumntu ngamnye.