Ezipetshiweyo endleleni: iteknoloji, iindlela, GOST

imiphezulu Smooth ezikumgangatho ophezulu indlela abonelela amavili zothutho ukubambelela ngokupheleleyo ngelaphu, bangundoqo indlela ekhuselekileyo kunye nenzolo. Ngokunxulumene nokusetyenziswa esebenzayo wendlela usoloko ezifuna ukulungiswa kunye nokuhlaziywa.

Okwangoku, uhlobo uthandwayo zokulungisa iipavumente nto ezipetshiweyo. Yiyo le ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu kunabanye, kuba kakhulu nenzuzo, ngakumbi kakuhle nangokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, oku iba ezininzi izikhalazo ezivela abaqhubi emotweni nina nilifungayo umgangatho imiphezulu zendlela intshabalalo ngokukhawuleza zezibhaxu emva ukulungiswa. Kodwa ke isizathu kungakho, hayi iteknoloji ngokwayo, kodwa abo ukuyisebenzisa. Umgangatho ukulungiswa ixhomekeke ukuthobela ezipetshiweyo ubugcisa. Lidla abasebenzi zingakhathaliyo engathethi ingqalelo iimeko kunye neemfuno ekufuneka ilandelwe ngethuba ngokubulawa ukulungiswa kwendlela, sengqondo ukuze kukungakhathali ngokungenankathalo umsebenzi ngoku beye besiba ngunobangela ukutshatyalaliswa yabahambi wendlela.

buhle

Ukulungiswa potholes kwendlela ayenzelwanga ukwenza nawuphi na umsebenzi ukubuyiselwa woqhakamshelwano, imbonakalo: le tela sisiba kuphela phezu iindawo ezifuna ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza. Ngaphezulu, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umsebenzi onjalo kufuneka wenziwe ukuthotyelwa ngqongqo zonke iingongoma yenkqubo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukonga iindleko, ende ubomi inkonzo kunye nomgangatho ubuninzi. Ezipetshiweyo ungayibuyisa phambili, amandla, evenness, ukubambelela nomgangatho ukumelana kwamanzi of Coatings. Ukongeza, inika ithuba eqhelekileyo lwezitishi.

Ezipetshiweyo efanelekileyo eminyaka. Kukho amashumi loo ukulungiswa nobuchule iipavumente, indlela eyiyo ikhethiwe kusekelwe phezu kweemeko zemozulu, urhulumente we web, amathuba ezipheleleyo yokusebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nezinto ezithile ezisetyenzisiweyo. wamatye ezipetshiweyo zinezibonelelo ezininzi zingenakuphikwa:

• akukho mfuneko yokuba intshukumo ekubhalwe ngokupheleleyo kwi sikude / emendweni;
• ukuphunyezwa zokusebenza yonke imisebenzi eyimfuneko (iindawo ezincinane buyisa emini);
• akukho mfuneko zibandakanya izixhobo wamajoni;
• ezipetshiweyo asphalt yabahambi ayifuni iindleko ezinkulu zemali (xa kuthelekiswa ne nokusebenza ulungiso ezinkulu).

inxenye impi

abasebenzi abanganyanisekanga Ngokuqhelekileyo elungisa kuphela umaleko ephezulu kwimimandla ezonakeleyo. Kodwa enyanisweni, ezipetshiweyo iteknoloji luquka ukubuyiselwa kunye umaleko ngxabano.

Phambi kokuba baqalise umsebenzi, ukuchaza imida izitshanguba bekubona iziphene ezikhoyo, ibonisa iziphene ezinokubakho, umsebenzi ebalwe isikali nokuthembeka, ukufana, amandla nokwaleka abahlukunyezwa.

asphalt ukubunjwa

amashishini abaninzi zasekhaya ukuphumeza ukulungiswa kunye nokwakhiwa kweendlela, kufuneka izileyi anobunzima 8. Le izixhobo wendlela sigwetyelwe kumsebenzi ngokupheleleyo, kodwa sebenzisa yona ngenxa ezipetshiweyo usebenze. Ukuze uphawu amashumi eziliqela kweemitha zendlela kubhetele ukuba usebenzise indlela 'unyathela ", oko kukuthi usebenzisa iipleyiti ehlokomayo ncwadi. Kwakhona, asphalt ezipetshiweyo olwenziwa usebenzisa izileyi ezincinane ehlokomayo okanye kuvuleke.

inkqubo eqhelekileyo

Ngale ndlela zokulungisa inxalenye umonakalo eyodwa kuqala ukutyabeka, oko kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa umshini wokugaya endleleni. Ke sinqunyulwe ndi edge nge ngokubanika imilo yoxande. Okulandelayo, zokuhlanjululwa icandelo ziziphene ngothuli nemiqhathane kunye wencamu yayo iphathwa ngebhitumene ulwelo ngebhitumene emulsion okanye wotha, ngoko bophalazwa igada mix.

Ezipetshiweyo endleleni, nto leyo ayibobuchule yemveli, kuba ivumela ukufumana iziphumo ezikumgangatho ophezulu lomsebenzi, kodwa kufuneka ukuba sichithe imali ethe kwemicimbi. Lusetyenziswa kutywinwe iintanda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo Ipeyinti ezenziwe ngezinto bituminous kunye igada.

Ukulungisa kunye zokufudumeza ukutyabeka kunye kwakhona ukusetyenziswa kwezinto kwayo

Ezo indlela ezipetshiweyo ngokusekelwe nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezizodwa ukufudumeza Ipeyinti - asfaltonagrevatelya. Le ndlela yenza kube lula ukufumana iziphumo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ukonga kwimathiriyeli, ukuze kube lula ukwenziwa zobugcisa imisebenzi. Kodwa oku ezipetshiweyo asphalt yabahambi ilinganiselwe ebalulekileyo iimeko zemozulu (iqondo lobushushu kunye nomoya). Loo ndlela isetyenziswa kutywinwe iintanda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo Ipeyinti ezenziwe kwimixube bituminous kunye igada.

Ukulungiswa ngaphandle ukusika okanye ukuzifudumeza yabahambi endala

Unxunguphalo deformation zepavimente zizalisiwe polimerasfaltobetonnoy umxube ebandayo organomineralnoj umxube zimanzi, kwaye nengqele Musiqisi t. D. Le nkqubo evumela intsebenziswano ngemini yengqele xa ukutyabeka zimanzi kwaye ezimanzi, elula ukwenza, kodwa akakwazi yokubonelela ezikumgangatho ophezulu Ipeyinti ixesha elide. Le ndlela isetyenziswa kwinkqubo wokulungisa imiphezulu yezithuthi ephantsi ingxinano yezithuthi, ixesha, kwaye njengenyathelo likaxakeka kwiindlela ngamandla aphezulu.

iindlela ebandayo ezipetshiweyo

Oku ezipetshiweyo endleleni, leyo ndlela isekelwe ukusetyenziswa ngengqele imixube ngekhonkrithi bituminous okanye asphaltic ezibonakalayo yokulungisa. Ezi ndlela ikakhulu kusetyenziswa inkqubo yokulungisa le concrete itela ukubanda uhlalutye omnyama phezu kwiindlela anyuswe kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, okwethutyana okanye ube likaxakeka.

Imisebenzi ukuqala entwasahlobo xa amaqondo obushushu umoya ayikho izidanga ngaphantsi kwe-10. Kwindawo yokulungisa ukutyabeka ukhandwa sisenzo isithuthi ihamba iintsuku 20-40, nomgangatho wayo kuxhomekeke iimpawu emulsion yebhitumene okanye ibhitumene engamanzi, umgubo izimbiwa, ubume kunye nobushushu yezithuthi, imozulu.

Yenza ulungiso kunokwenzeka kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi, oko elungisa izinto ezithengiweyo engaphambili. Iindleko zokulungisa lo bugcisa ngaphantsi kwe kwi indlela eshushu. Le ethile engundoqo ixesha elifutshane ixesha kunye nentshukumo kweebhasi phezu kwiindlela ukutyabeka kunye nezigadla enzima.

fashion Hot

Ngokusekelwe izinto esetyenziswa kwimixube asphalt eshushu asphalt yemastic, igrabile ecikizekileyo-olungisiweyo, enentlabathi, etc ...

Iindlela ezisetyenzisiweyo ukuze nokulungiswa kweendlela ndiwandlele igada. Mhlawumbi enze imisebenzi umoya kwiqondo lobushushu na izinyuko ngaphantsi kwe-10 kwi isiseko ukutyabeka eyomileyo zinyibilikisiwe. Xa kusetyenziswa Izifudumezi ukulungisa bathi kwiqondo lobushushu hayi ngaphantsi kwe degrees-5.

iindlela Hot zinika umgangatho ophezulu kunye nobomi elide ukutyabeka.

amalungiselelo

Phambi ekwenzeni nawuphi na umsebenzi owenziwa imisebenzi yokuqala:

1. Kuhlohlwe iindawo ukubiyela, iimpawu zendlela isixhobo sokukhanyisa emsebenzini ebumnyameni.
2. Ziphawulwe iindawo (amakhadi) nokulungiswa usebenzisa ngetshokhwe okanye nangengalo ngentambo. Imephu ukulungisa ocherkivaetsya imigca ethe ngqo parallel kwaye aa Incopho axis endlela, unika imilo echanekileyo aya lokubamba i ukutyabeka lomelele.
3. Yokutshayelwa, uwaphule phezulu kwaye ukusilwa ukutyabeka yonakele na bevidiyo onomzi. Ukutshatyalaliswa yenzelwa phezu ukutyabeka ezikroziswayo balo babulingana nesandla, kodwa hayi cm ngaphantsi kwe-4 lonke ubude ukulungiswa. Xa potholes kuchaphazela umaleko asezantsi, oko uthambe uze ususe yonke ubukhulu.
4. Imigodi icocwe evela iintsalela zezinto zokufunda, ukungcola nothuli.
5. Iindonga kunye nasezantsi omile method ukulungiswa eshushu.
6. Iindonga kunye nasezantsi baphathwa ngetha okanye emulsion bituminous.

imisebenzi esisiseko

Kuphela emva kokuba ukulungiswa potholes nga kuzala izinto wokulungisa. Izixhobo nokubekwa nolandelelwano neenkqubo kuxhomekeke kubungakanani kunye indlela yomsebenzi, uhlobo lwezinto yokulungisa.

Yent- ezincinane kunye nokungabikho ingqokelela imishini kunokwenziwa ngesandla. Ngokubekwa lwenziwa ngomxube khadi 1 isithole umaleko ukuya kubunzulu 50 eemilimitha kunye umaleko-2 kubunzulu mkhulu kuno-50 eemilimitha. Kulo mzekelo, umaleko asezantsi kungafakwa isimangalo umxube zegrabile erhabaxa, kwaye eliphezulu - ingqolowa entle.

Xa umxube icebo imishini ondliwa ukusuka thermos hopper.

Xa asisule amakhadi 10-20 square metres. m umxube Musiqisi wabeka Paver. Xa wesimeli efanayo eyenziwe potholes, kwaye mxube kubenge- angabekwa phezu kwindawo yonke.

Uphawu imixube asphalt kwi ukutyabeka umaleko esezantsi ikhutshwa pneumobeetles, izileyi manual okanye elektrotrambovkami vibratory kwicala ukusuka ngaphandle ngaphakathi.

Elibhalwe kule nwebu umxube kunye nomxube ibekwe ngaphakathi umaleko omnye ubunzulu ukuya ku-50 eemilimitha, oko zixinaniswe izileyi vibratory self-ngokwaso okanye izileyi gladkovaltsovymi uhlobo ukukhanya emile, uze emva koko roller enzima.

Kuba kwimixube nesanti maloschebnistyh kunye nomlinganiselo ukugangatheka kufuneka ubuncinane 0,98, kuba ezininzi kunye sredneschebnistyh - 0,99.

umxube Hot kuqukaniswa kwi obushushu ubuninzi apho deformation ngexesha iqengqwa of akunakwenzeka.

Amalungu, leyo ezivelileyo ngaphezu kwamanzi ukutyabeka, kubekwe eceleni okanye ukugaywa oomatshini Milling.

imisebenzi yokugcina

imisebenzi Final zibandakanya amanyathelo ukuze kunyuswe umgangatho lwendlela sokulungiselela ukuhamba kwezithuthi. Abasebenzi isuswe inkunkuma eseleyo, inkunkuma, hlala nabo yokulahla. Kwakhona, kwesi sigaba, isuswe imiqondiso yendlela kunye nemiqobo, ukumakisha umgca ibuyiselwe kwi kwisiza ezipetshiweyo.

iimfuno ezibalulekileyo

Umgangatho ukuqina iinkonzo daka kulungiswa kakhulu kuxhomekeka ekuthotyelweni:

• ezipetshiweyo olwenziwa obushushu okukufutshane hayi ngaphantsi kuvumelekile ukuba izinto ezithile wokulungisa kwindawo ecocekileyo owomileyo;
• ngexesha nangokukrola ukutyabeka omdala liyasuswa izinto iinxalenye elibuthathaka inezigingqi apho ukuqhekeka khona, amathanda NOKUCUKUCEZA;
• kuyimfuneko zokucoca kunye omiswe of lwekhadi wokulungisa;
• kufuneka wenze ifomu ilungelo iimephu, iindonga nkqo, ezantsi flat;
• ukuba enze zonke iindawo zokwenza imigodi Umatshini ukubunjwa;
• ngokubekwa izinto ukulungisa kwenziwa ikwiqondo lobushushu elilelona olu hlobo mxube;
• umaleko kufuneka babe ubukhulu omkhulu kancinci potholes nobunzulu, kuqwalaselwa umda kwi ratio ucinezelo;
• engamkelekanga umaleko ukuyilwa izinto ezintsha kwi Ipeyinti ubudala ngohlangothi ikhadi ukuthintela ukothuka xa hit izithuthi kunye intshabalalo ngokukhawuleza kweli lizwe;
• izinto ukukhanda kakuhle ubunjwe ze bayilungisa egungxula kunye endleleni.

nolawulo lomgangatho

Polymerization asphalt ikhonkrithi oluqhutywa phaya lobushushu iqondo elikhulu kwe-100, yaye phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu. Emva ukugangatheka zezona umxube asphalt Musa ukoyika amanzi. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, umphezulu wendlela ebuyiselweyo, kungakuhle ukuba ugalele amanzi sokwehlisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ubuyisele kwezithuthi.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ubuchwepheshe ukuthotyelwa engaphelelanga kwaye olwaphula eminye imithetho wenza amabala asphalt inokuphila iminyaka ubuncinane 2. Xa zinjalo zobugcisa ukulungiswa - hayi ngaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5.

Endleleni kufuneka zihambelane (emva ezipetshiweyo olwenziwa) GOST P 50597-93 - "Emikhulu kunye nezitalato".